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- Carlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Gross and delta efficiencies during uphill running and cycling among elite triathletes.
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 120:5, s. 961-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the gross efficiency (GE) and delta efficiency (DE) during cycling and running in elite triathletes.METHODS: Five male and five female elite triathletes completed two incremental treadmill tests with an inclination of 2.5° to determine their GE and DE during cycling and running. The speed increments between the 5-min stages were 2.4 and 0.6 km h-1 during the cycling and running tests, respectively. For each test, GE was calculated as the ratio between the mechanical work rate (MWR) and the metabolic rate (MR) at an intensity corresponding to a net increase in blood-lactate concentration of 1 mmol l-1. DE was calculated by dividing the delta increase in MWR by the delta increase in MR for each test. Pearson correlations and paired-sample t tests were used to investigate the relationships and differences, respectively.RESULTS: There was a correlation between GEcycle and GErun (r = 0.66; P = 0.038; R2 = 0.44), but the correlation between DEcycle and DErun was not statistically significant (r = - 0.045; P = 0.90; R2 = 0.0020). There were differences between GEcycle and GErun (t = 80.8; P < 0.001) as well as between DEcycle and DErun (t = 27.8; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Elite triathletes with high GE during running also have high GE during cycling, when exercising at a treadmill inclination of 2.5°. For a moderate uphill incline, elite triathletes are more energy efficient during cycling than during running, independent of work rate.
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| 5. |
- Almer, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Ischemic QRS prolongation as a biomarker of myocardial injury in STEMI patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. - : Wiley. - 1082-720X. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with acute coronary occlusion (ACO) may not only have ischemia-related ST-segment changes but also changes in the QRS complex. It has recently been shown in dogs that a greater ischemic QRS prolongation (IQP) during ACO is related to lower collateral flow. This suggests that greater IQP could indicate more severe ischemia and thereby more rapid infarct development. Therefore, the purpose was to evaluate the relationship between IQP and measures of myocardial injury in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with first-time STEMI were retrospectively included from the recently published SOCCER trial. All patients underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination 2-6 days after the acute event. Infarct size (IS), myocardium at risk (MaR), and myocardial salvage index (MSI) were assessed and related to IQP. IQP measures assessed were; computer-generated QRS duration, QRS duration at maximum ST deviation, absolute IQP and relative IQP, all derived from a pre-PCI, 12-lead ECG.RESULTS: Median absolute IQP was 10 ms (range 0-115 ms). There were no statistically significant correlations between measures of IQP and any of the CMR measures of myocardial injury (absolute IQP vs IS, r = 0.03, p = 0.80; MaR, r = -0.01, p = 0.89; MSI, r = -0.05, p = 0.68).CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous experimental studies, the IQP was limited in patients presenting at the emergency room with first-time STEMI and no correlation was found between IQP and CMR variables of myocardial injury in these patients. Therefore, IQP does not seem to be a suitable biomarker for triaging patients in this clinical context.
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| 6. |
- Almquist, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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The Prefetch Aggressiveness Tradeof in 360 degrees Video Streaming
- 2018
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH ACM MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (MMSYS18). - New York, NY, USA : ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY. - 9781450351928 ; , s. 258-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With 360 degrees video, only a limited fraction of the full view is displayed at each point in time. This has prompted the design of streaming delivery techniques that allow alternative playback qualities to be delivered for each candidate viewing direction. However, while prefetching based on the users expected viewing direction is best done close to playback deadlines, large buffers are needed to protect against shortfalls in future available bandwidth. This results in conflicting goals and an important prefetch aggressiveness tradeoff problem regarding how far ahead in time from the current playpoint prefetching should be done. This paper presents the first characterization of this tradeoff. The main contributions include an empirical characterization of head movement behavior based on data from viewing sessions of four different categories of 360 degrees video, an optimization-based comparison of the prefetch aggressiveness tradeoffs seen for these video categories, and a data-driven discussion of further optimizations, which include a novel system design that allows both tradeoff objectives to be targeted simultaneously. By qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the above tradeoffs, we provide insights into how to best design tomorrows delivery systems for 360 degrees videos, allowing content providers to reduce bandwidth costs and improve users playback experiences.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Fast Laplace Transforms for the Exponential Radon Transform
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1069-5869 .- 1531-5851. ; 24:2, s. 431-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fourier slice theorem for the standard Radon transform generalizes to a Laplace counterpart when considering the exponential Radon transform. We show how to use this fact in combination with algorithms for the unequally spaced fast Laplace transform to construct fast and accurate methods for computing both the forward exponential Radon transform and the corresponding back-projection operator.
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| 8. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with direct conditioned and indirect cognitive reported origin of dental fear.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 105:3, s. 213-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the reported conditioned or cognitive origin of dental phobia in 100 adult patients at a specialized dental phobia clinic. It was shown that a majority of patients reported a conditioned background to their dental fear. Patients' avoidance time and level of dental anxiety corresponded to previously reported data for fearful groups. Individuals with an arousal conditioning etiology of dental fear reported significantly longer avoidance time as compared to individuals with a cognitively learned reaction. With the exception of an elevated level of general fears, most psychometrically assessed emotional reactions were well within normal ranges. However, patients with a non-conditioned, cognitive etiology reported significantly higher levels of trait anxiety and fear of embarrassment. In addition, a separate analysis among women revealed a greater fear of physical injuries among patients with cognitive etiology.
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with phobic dental anxiety.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 55:4, s. 217-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated a screening procedure for psychologic distress in adult patients with dental phobia before treatment of dental fear. The screening procedure was performed among 191 individuals in consecutive steps and included a medical/dental history, psychologic interviewing, and testing. Data collected during this process were analyzed and compared with SCL-90(R) data. The screening process was successful in selecting individuals without major psychologic distress problems. Among the excluded patients 91% had general symptoms scores on the SCL-90(R) exceeding a normative population mean, and 95% of included patients had a mean lower than an average for psychiatric outpatients. There were statistically significant differences between included and excluded patients on all subdimensions of the SCL-90. Thus, excluded patients had higher levels of psychologic distress, poorer psychosocial background, and more psychosomatic symptoms. This was accompanied by higher levels of negative attitudes toward dentists and their performance of dentistry, whereas no significant differences were found among the dental fear measures used.
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| 10. |
- Bratt, Anna S., 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Relatives' lived experiences of losing a loved one to COVID-19 : an interpretative phenomenological analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions to prevent its spread were formed, thereby hindering patients’ relatives from maintaining contact with and visiting their loved ones, even saying goodbye at the end of life. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of bereaved relatives’ experiences of losing a loved one to COVID-19. Eight in-depth interviews were conducted and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. The results revealed two superordinate themes: (a) the lonely and painful loss and (b) the double crises. The relatives were oscillating between hope and despair. During the time of their loved one’s illness, they felt powerless, excluded, lonely and vulnerable. The death was unexpected, and it was painful to not be able to say goodbye in person or when the life support was terminated. Furthermore, the relatives were in crisis at the same time as the health care system was in crisis. Sometimes the relatives did not receive information, and they felt like bystanders waiting for answers. The health care professionals’ attitudes were of importance in supporting the relatives. If there was a lack of empathy and understanding for the relative’s situation, feelings of frustration and not being respected emerged. To meet relatives’ needs when losing a loved one during circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the healthcare system needs to develop routines pertaining to providing adequate information, supporting relatives’ need to say goodbye, and coping with ethical dilemmas, such as when there are insufficient life support machines for patients.
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