| 1. |
- Anchordoqui, Luis A., et al.
(författare)
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The Forward Physics Facility : Sites, experiments, and physics potential
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 968, s. 1-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF, including recent progress in civil engineering in identifying promising sites for the FPF and the experiments currently envisioned to realize the FPF's physics potential. We then review the many Standard Model and new physics topics that will be advanced by the FPF, including searches for long-lived particles, probes of dark matter and dark sectors, high-statistics studies of TeV neutrinos of all three flavors, aspects of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD, and high-energy astroparticle physics.
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| 2. |
- Burisch, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Disease course of inflammatory bowel disease unclassified in a European population-based inception cohort : an Epi-IBD study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0815-9319 .- 1440-1746. ; 34:6, s. 996-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A definitive diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) is not always possible and a proportion of patients will be diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU). The aim of the study was to investigate the prognosis of patients initially diagnosed with IBDU and the disease course during the following five years.METHODS: The Epi-IBD study is a prospective population-based cohort of 1,289 IBD patients diagnosed in centres across Europe. Clinical data were captured prospectively throughout the follow-up period.RESULTS: Overall, 476 (37%) patients were initially diagnosed with CD, 701 (54%) with UC, and 112 (9%) with IBDU. During follow-up, 28 (25%) IBDU patients were changed diagnoses to either UC (n=20, 71%) or CD (n=8, 29%) after a median of six months (IQR: 4-12), while 84 (7% of the total cohort) remained IBDU. A total of 17 (15%) IBDU patients were hospitalized for their IBD during follow-up, while 8 (7%) patients underwent surgery. Most surgeries (n=6, 75%) were performed on patients whose diagnosis was later changed to UC; three of these colectomies led to a definitive diagnosis of UC. Most patients (n=107, 96%) received 5-aminosalicylic acid, while 11 (10%) patients received biologicals, of whom five remained classified as IBDU.CONCLUSIONS: In a population-based inception cohort, 7% of IBD patients were not given a definitive diagnosis of IBD after five years of follow-up. One in four patients with IBDU eventually were classified as CD or UC. Overall, the disease course and medication burden in IBDU patients were mild.
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| 4. |
- Klipfel, Nadja, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic Insights into the Role of the Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide Ion in Coevaporated p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:44, s. 52450-52460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid lead halide perovskites have reached comparable efficiencies to state-of-the-art silicon solar cell technologies. However, a remaining key challenge toward commercialization is the resolution of the perovskite device instability. In this work, we identify for the first time the mobile nature of bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), a typical anion extensively employed in p-type dopants for 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'spirofluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). We demonstrate that TFSI- can migrate through the perovskite layer via the grain boundaries and accumulate at the perovskite/electrontransporting layer (ETL) interface. Our findings reveal that the migration of TFSI- enhances the device performance and stability, resulting in highly stable p-i-n cells that retain 90% of their initial performance after 1600 h of continuous testing. Our systematic study, which targeted the effect of the nature of the dopant and its concentration, also shows that TFSI- acts as a dynamic defect-healing agent, which self-passivates the perovskite crystal defects during the migration process and thereby decreases nonradiative recombination pathways.
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| 5. |
- Meisters, Rachelle, et al.
(författare)
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EULAR/eumusc.net standards of care for rheumatoid arthritis : cross-sectional analyses of importance, level of implementation and care gaps experienced by patients and rheumatologists across 35 European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79:11, s. 1423-1431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective As part of European League against Rheumatism (EULAR)/European Musculoskeletal Conditions Surveillance and Information Network, 20 user-focused standards of care (SoCs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) addressing 16 domains of care were developed. This study aimed to explore gaps in implementation of these SoCs across Europe. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys on the importance, level of and barriers (patients only) to implementation of each SoC (0-10, 10 highest) were designed to be conducted among patients and rheumatologists in 50 European countries. Care gaps were calculated as the difference between the actual and maximum possible score for implementation (ie, 10) multiplied by the care importance score, resulting in care gaps (0-100, maximal gap). Factors associated with the problematic care gaps (ie, gap≥30 and importance≥6 and implementation<6) and strong barriers (≥6) were further analysed in multilevel logistic regression models. Results Overall, 26 and 31 countries provided data from 1873 patients and 1131 rheumatologists, respectively. 19 out of 20 SoCs were problematic from the perspectives of more than 20% of patients, while this was true for only 10 SoCs for rheumatologists. Rheumatologists in countries with lower gross domestic product and non-European Union countries were more likely to report problematic gaps in 15 of 20 SoCs, while virtually no differences were observed among patients. Lack of relevance of some SoCs (71%) and limited time of professionals (66%) were the most frequent implementation barriers identified by patients. Conclusions Many problematic gaps were reported across several essential aspects of RA care. More efforts need to be devoted to implementation of EULAR SoCs.
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| 6. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 7. |
- Vanham, Davy, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental footprint family to address local to planetary sustainability and deliver on the SDGs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : ELSEVIER. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 693
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of publications on environmental footprint indicators has been growing rapidly, but with limited efforts to integrate different footprints into a coherent framework. Such integration is important for comprehensive understanding of environmental issues, policy formulation and assessment of trade-offs between different environmental concerns. Here, we systematize published footprint studies and define a family of footprints that can be used for the assessment of environmental sustainability. We identify overlaps between different footprints and analyse how they relate to the nine planetary boundaries and visualize the crucial information they provide for local and planetary sustainability. In addition, we assess how the footprint family delivers on measuring progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), considering its ability to quantify environmental pressures along the supply chain and relating them to the water-energy-food-ecosystem (WEFE) nexus and ecosystem services. We argue that the footprint family is a flexible framework where particular members can be included or excluded according to the context or area of concern. Our paper is based upon a recent workshop bringing together global leading experts on existing environmental footprint indicators. Elsevier B.V.
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| 8. |
- Zammit, Stefania Chetcuti, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D deficiency in a European inflammatory bowel disease inception cohort : an Epi-IBD study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0954-691X .- 1473-5687. ; 30:11, s. 1297-1303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Serum vitamin D level is commonly low in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although there is a growing body of evidence that links low vitamin D level to certain aspects of IBD such as disease activity and quality of life, data on its prevalence and how it varies across disease phenotype, smoking status and treatment groups are still missing.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with IBD between 2010 and 2011 were recruited. Demographic data and serum vitamin D levels were collected. Variance of vitamin D level was then assessed across different treatment groups, disease phenotype, disease activity and quality of life scores.RESULTS: A total of 238 (55.9% male) patients were included. Overall, 79% of the patients had either insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D at diagnosis. Patients needing corticosteroid treatment at 1 year had significantly lower vitamin D levels at diagnosis (median 36.0 nmol/l) (P=0.035). Harvey-Bradshaw Index (P=0.0001) and Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index scores (P=0.0001) were significantly lower in patients with higher vitamin D level. Serum vitamin D level correlated significantly with SIBQ score (P=0.0001) and with multiple components of SF12. Smokers at diagnosis had the lowest vitamin D levels (vitamin D: 34 nmol/l; P=0.053).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the high prevalence of low vitamin D levels in treatment-naive European IBD populations. Furthermore, it demonstrates the presence of low vitamin D levels in patients with IBD who smoke.
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