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- Caroli, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mild cognitive impairment with suspected nonamyloid pathology (SNAP) Prediction of progression
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 84:5, s. 508-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of progressive cognitive deterioration in patients with suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathology (SNAP) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:We measured markers of amyloid pathology (CSF -amyloid 42) and neurodegeneration (hippocampal volume on MRI and cortical metabolism on [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET) in 201 patients with MCI clinically followed for up to 6 years to detect progressive cognitive deterioration. We categorized patients with MCI as A+/A- and N+/N- based on presence/absence of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration. SNAPs were A-N+ cases.Results:The proportion of progressors was 11% (8/41), 34% (14/41), 56% (19/34), and 71% (60/85) in A-N-, A+N-, SNAP, and A+N+, respectively; the proportion of APOE epsilon 4 carriers was 29%, 70%, 31%, and 71%, respectively, with the SNAP group featuring a significantly different proportion than both A+N- and A+N+ groups (p 0.005). Hypometabolism in SNAP patients was comparable to A+N+ patients (p = 0.154), while hippocampal atrophy was more severe in SNAP patients (p = 0.002). Compared with A-N-, SNAP and A+N+ patients had significant risk of progressive cognitive deterioration (hazard ratio = 2.7 and 3.8, p = 0.016 and p < 0.001), while A+N- patients did not (hazard ratio = 1.13, p = 0.771). In A+N- and A+N+ groups, none of the biomarkers predicted time to progression. In the SNAP group, lower time to progression was correlated with greater hypometabolism (r = 0.42, p = 0.073).Conclusions:Our findings support the notion that patients with SNAP MCI feature a specific risk progression profile.
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| 5. |
- Cattaneo, A, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight and obesity in infants and pre-school children in the European Union a review of existing data
- 2010
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Ingår i: OBESITY REVIEWS. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1467-7881. ; 11:5, s. 389-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pandgt;The objective of this study was to synthesize available information on prevalence and time trends of overweight and obesity in pre-school children in the European Union. Retrieval and analysis or re-analysis of existing data were carried out. Data sources include WHO databases, Medline and Google, contact with authors of published and unpublished documents. Data were analysed using the International Obesity Task Force reference and cut-offs, and the WHO standard. Data were available from 18/27 countries. Comparisons were problematic because of different definitions and methods of data collection and analysis. The reported prevalence of overweight plus obesity at 4 years ranges from 11.8% in Romania (2004) to 32.3% in Spain (1998-2000). Countries in the Mediterranean region and the British islands report higher rates than those in middle, northern and eastern Europe. Rates are generally higher in girls than in boys. With the possible exception of England, there was no obvious trend towards increasing prevalence in the past 20-30 years in the five countries with data. The use of the WHO standard with cut-offs at 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations yields lower rates and removes gender differences. Data on overweight and obesity in pre-school children are scarce; their interpretation is difficult. Standard methods of surveillance, and research and policies on prevention and treatment, are urgently needed.
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| 7. |
- de Boer, Anneloes, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus-Based Technical Recommendations for Clinical Translation of Renal Phase Contrast MRI
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1053-1807 .- 1522-2586. ; 55:2, s. 323-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phase-contrast (PC) MRI is a feasible and valid noninvasive technique to measure renal artery blood flow, showing potential to support diagnosis and monitoring of renal diseases. However, the variability in measured renal blood flow values across studies is large, most likely due to differences in PC-MRI acquisition and processing. Standardized acquisition and processing protocols are therefore needed to minimize this variability and maximize the potential of renal PC-MRI as a clinically useful tool.PURPOSE: To build technical recommendations for the acquisition, processing, and analysis of renal 2D PC-MRI data in human subjects to promote standardization of renal blood flow measurements and facilitate the comparability of results across scanners and in multicenter clinical studies.STUDY TYPE: Systematic consensus process using a modified Delphi method.POPULATION: Not applicable.SEQUENCE FIELD/STRENGTH: Renal fast gradient echo-based 2D PC-MRI.ASSESSMENT: An international panel of 27 experts from Europe, the USA, Australia, and Japan with 6 (interquartile range 4-10) years of experience in 2D PC-MRI formulated consensus statements on renal 2D PC-MRI in two rounds of surveys. Starting from a recently published systematic review article, literature-based and data-driven statements regarding patient preparation, hardware, acquisition protocol, analysis steps, and data reporting were formulated.STATISTICAL TESTS: Consensus was defined as ≥75% unanimity in response, and a clear preference was defined as 60-74% agreement among the experts.RESULTS: Among 60 statements, 57 (95%) achieved consensus after the second-round survey, while the remaining three showed a clear preference. Consensus statements resulted in specific recommendations for subject preparation, 2D renal PC-MRI data acquisition, processing, and reporting.DATA CONCLUSION: These recommendations might promote a widespread adoption of renal PC-MRI, and may help foster the set-up of multicenter studies aimed at defining reference values and building larger and more definitive evidence, and will facilitate clinical translation of PC-MRI.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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| 8. |
- Gomez, B., et al.
(författare)
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Levels and risk assessment for humans and ecosystems of platinum group elements in the airborne particles of some European cities
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Science of the Total Environment. ; 299, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic is the main source of platinum-group element (PGE) contamination in populated urban areas. There is increasing concern about the hazardous effects of these new pollutants for people and for other living organisms in these areas. Airborne and road dusts, as well as tree bark and grass samples were collected at locations in the European cities of Göteborg (Sweden), Madrid (Spain), Rome (Italy), Munich (Germany), Sheffield and London (UK). Today, in spite of the large number of parameters that can influence the airborne PGE content, the results obtained so far indicate significantly higher PGE levels at traffic sites compared with the rural or non-polluted zones that have been investigated (background levels). The average Pt content in airborne particles found in downtown Madrid, Göteborg and Rome is in the range 7.313.1 pg m−3. The ring roads of these cities have values in the range 4.117.7 pg m−3. In Munich, a lower Pt content was found in airborne particles (4.1 pg m−3). The same tendency has been noted for downtown Rh, with contents in the range 2.22.8 pg m−3, and in the range 0.83.0 and 0.3 pg m−3 for motorway margins in Munich. The combined results obtained using a wide-range airborne classifier (WRAC) collector and a PM-10 or virtual impactor show that Pt is associated with particles for a wide range of diameters. The smaller the particle size, the lower the Pt concentration. However, in particles
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- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Statement by Members of the Task Force on Prevention and Public Health of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Obesity Facts. - 1662-4025. ; 2:1, s. 54-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document is signed by all members of the task force, who will contribute knowledge on the problem of obesity in the various regions of Europe. It is apparent from the wide range of available prevalence estimates that the magnitude of the obesity epidemic varies across Europe. However certain similarities are present, including consistent but varying increases in prevalence in all countries from the end of the 20th century to the present, together with clear inverse socioeconomic gradients. The lack of harmonized surveillance efforts across Europe makes international monitoring and comparative assessments imprecise at best. A particularly worrisome aspect of this epidemic is the recently observed increase in the proportion of European children with overweight and obesity. The Task Force is in agreement that the epidemic reflects changing lifestyles and environments and that prevention can only be achieved by identifying and arresting these trends, a statement that has been repeated by many groups advocating obesity prevention over the years. For instance, in 1999 the Milan Declaration was made on behalf of all members of the EASO, resolving to support the development of coherent national and Europe-wide strategies for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. Since then, there have been recent steps to develop a public health strategy for obesity prevention across Europe, including most notably the 2006 European Ministerial Conference on Counteracting Obesity in the European Region. At that time, all member states of WHO Europe met in Istanbul and explicitly agreed on an ecological approach to fighting the obesity epidemic, with a charter recognizing that counteracting obesity requires a multidisciplinary effort with a timeline for improvements (www.euro.who.int/ document/E89567.pdf). In this context, the vision of our Task Force is to provide guidance and leadership to researchers, governments, and agencies that are trying to fulfill the charter developed in Istanbul and other recent initiatives. Specifically, we will support and strengthen research and interventions to improve prevention of obesity across Europe, within the framework of the EASO.
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| 10. |
- Moldovan, M., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental risk of particulate and soluble platinum group elements released from gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Science of the Total Environment. ; 296, s. 199-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparison of platinum-group element (PGE) emission between gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters is reported within this work. Whole raw exhaust fumes from four catalysts of three different types were examined during their useful lifetime, from fresh to 80 000 km. Two were gasoline engine catalysts (PtPdRh and PdRh), while the other two were diesel engine catalysts (Pt). Samples were collected following the 91441 EUDC driving cycle for light-duty vehicle testing, and the sample collection device used allowed differentiation between the particulate and soluble fractions, the latter being the most relevant from an environmental point of view. Analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (quadrupole and high resolution), and special attention was paid to the control of spectral interference, especially in the case of Pd and Rh. The results obtained show that, for fresh catalysts, the release of particulate PGE through car exhaust fumes does not follow any particular trend, with a wide range (onetwo orders of magnitude) for the content of noble metals emitted. The samples collected from 30 00080 000 km present a more homogeneous PGE release for all catalysts studied. A decrease of approximately one order of magnitude is observed with respect to the release from fresh catalysts, except in the case of the diesel engine catalyst, for which PGE emission continued to be higher than in the case of gasoline engines. The fraction of soluble PGE was found to represent less than 10% of the total amount released from fresh catalysts. For aged catalysts, the figures are significantly higher, especially for Pd and Rh. Particulate PGE can be considered as virtually biologically inert, while soluble PGE forms can represent an environmental risk due to their bioavailability, which leads them to accumulate in the environment.
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