| 1. |
- Carroll, Harriet A., et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of acute hypohydration on glycemic regulation in healthy adults : A randomized crossover trial
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 126:2, s. 422-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of hydration status on glycemic regulation in healthy adults and explore underlying mechanisms. In this randomized crossover trial, 16 healthy adults (8 men, 8 women) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when hypohydrated and rehydrated after 4 days of pretrial standardization. One day before OGTT, participants were dehydrated for 1 h in a heat tent with subsequent fluid restriction (HYPO) or replacement (RE). The following day, an OGTT was performed with metabolic rate measurements and pre- and post-OGTT muscle biopsies. Peripheral quantitative computer tomography thigh scans were taken before and after intervention to infer changes in cell volume. HYPO (but not RE) induced 1.9% (SD 1.2) body mass loss, 2.9% (SD 2.7) cell volume reduction, and increased urinary hydration markers, serum osmolality, and plasma copeptin concentration (all P 0.007). Fasted serum glucose [HYPO 5.10 mmol/l (SD 0.42), RE 5.02 mmol/l (SD 0.40); P 0.327] and insulin [HYPO 27.1 pmol/l (SD 9.7), RE 27.6 pmol/l (SD 9.2); P 0.809] concentrations were similar between HYPO and RE. Hydration status did not alter the serum glucose (P 0.627) or insulin (P 0.200) responses during the OGTT. Muscle water content was lower before OGTT after HYPO compared with RE [761 g/kg wet wt (SD 13) vs. 772 g/kg wet wt (SD 18) RE] but similar after OGTT [HYPO 779 g/kg wet wt (SD 15) vs. RE 780 g/kg wet wt (SD 20); time P 0.011; trial time P 0.055]. Resting energy expenditure was similar between hydration states (stable between 1.21 and 5.94 kJ·kg 1 ·day 1 ; trial P 0.904). Overall, despite acute mild hypohydration increasing plasma copeptin concentrations and decreasing fasted cell volume and muscle water, we found no effect on glycemic regulation.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carroll, Harriet A., et al.
(författare)
-
Hydration status affects thirst and salt preference but not energy intake or postprandial ghrelin in healthy adults : A randomised crossover trial
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384. ; 212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have investigated the effect of hydration status on appetite for food in healthy adults. Prior work suggests hydration status does not alter appetite or energy intake, with mixed findings regarding appetite hormone secretion. However, an extensive investigation into both the psychological and physiological appetitive responses to hydration status has never been conducted. Objective: To investigate the effect of hydration status on multiple facets of appetite. Design: After 3 days pre-trial standardization, a range of appetite tasks were conducted when hypohydrated (HYPO) and euhydrated (EUHY) in 16 healthy participants (8 men). Hydration status was manipulated via dehydration in a heat tent for 60 min and subsequent fluid restriction (HYPO) or replacement (EUHY). The next day, a food reward computer task was completed followed by an ad libitum pasta meal. Pre- and post-prandial visual analogue scales assessing hunger, fullness, and flavour desires (sweet, salty, savoury and fatty) were additionally completed. Blood samples were taken the previous day before the hydration interventions in a euhydrated state, and in the fasted and post-prandial state during HYPO and EUHY. Results: HYPO induced -1.9 ± 1.2% body mass change, compared to -0.2 ± 0.6%, with accompanying changes in markers of hypohydration which were not seen during EUHY. A higher desire for foods was associated with a higher water content but the association was weaker in EUHY compared to HYPO, (β= -0.33 mm/g of food water content, p < 0.001) in the food reward task. Visual analogue scales showed similar hunger and fullness between interventions, but during HYPO there was consistently higher thirst (average range in difference 27–32 mm across all time points) and lower fasted desire for salt (−23, 95% CI −10, −35 mm). Ad libitum energy intake (HYPO 1953 ± 742 kJ, EUHY 2027 ± 926 kJ; p = 0.542) and post-prandial ghrelin concentrations (HYPO 180 ± 65 pg mL−1, EUHY 188 ± 71 pg mL−1; p = 0.736) were similar by hydration status. Conclusions: An acute manipulation to hydration status altered desire for salt and foods of differing water contents, but did not influence energy intake at an ad libitum pasta meal. Further research should investigate whether these appetites would alter food choice.
|
|
| 3. |
- Carroll, Harriet A., et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of hydration status on plasma FGF21 concentrations in humans: A subanalysis of a randomised crossover trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has recently been implicated in thirst in rodent models. The mechanisms for this are currently uncertain, and it is unclear whether hydration status can alter FGF21 concentrations, potentially providing an additional mechanism by which hypohydration induces thirst. The aim of this study is therefore to understand whether hydration status can alter circulating FGF21 in humans. METHODS: Using a heat tent and fluid restriction, we induced hypohydration (1.9% body mass loss) in 16 healthy participants (n = 8 men), and compared their glycaemic regulation to a rehydration protocol (heat tent and fluid replacement) in a randomised crossover design. RESULTS: After the hypohydration procedure, urine specific gravity, urine and serum osmolality, and plasma copeptin (as a marker for arginine vasopressin) increased as expected, with no change after the rehydration protocol. In the fasted state, the median paired difference in plasma FGF21 concentrations from the rehydrated to hypohydrated trial arm was -37 (interquartile range -125, 10) pg∙mL-1(P = 0.278), with average concentrations being 458 ± 462 pg∙mL-1 after hypohydration and 467 ± 438 pg∙mL-1 after rehydration; mean difference -9 ± 173 pg∙mL-1. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, these are the first causal data in humans investigating hydration and FGF21, demonstrating that an acute bout of hypohydration does not impact fasted plasma FGF21 concentrations. These data may suggest that whilst previous research has found FGF21 administration can induce thirst and drinking behaviours, a physiological state implicated in increased thirst (hypohydration) does not appear to impact plasma FGF21 concentrations in humans.
|
|
| 4. |
- Chen, Yung Chih, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on energy expenditure and postprandial metabolism in healthy men
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 1715-5312 .- 1715-5320. ; 47:1, s. 27-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has meaningful metabolic effects when users have the opportunity to self-select the intensity to one that can be comfortably tolerated. Nine healthy men aged 28 6 9y (mean 6 SD) with a body mass index 22.3 6 2.3 kg/m2 completed 3 trials involving a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test whilst, in a randomised counterbalanced order, (1) sitting motionless (SIT), (2) standing motionless (STAND); and (3) sitting motionless with NMES of quadriceps and calves at a self-selected tolerable intensity. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) total energy expenditure was greater in the NMES trial (221 [180–262] kcal/2 h) and STAND trial (178 [164–191] kcal/2 h) than during SIT (159 [150–167] kcal/2 h) (both, p < 0.05). This was primarily driven by an increase in carbohydrate oxidation in the NMES and STAND trials compared with the SIT trial (p < 0.05). Postprandial insulin iAUC was lower in both NMES and STAND compared with SIT (16.4 [7.7–25.1], 17 [7–27] and 22.6 [10.8–34.4] nmol·120 min/L, respectively; both, p < 0.05). Compared with sitting, both NMES and STAND increased energy expenditure and whole-body carbohydrate oxidation and reduced postprandial insulin concentrations in healthy men, with more pronounced effects seen with NMES. Self-selected NMES is a potential strategy for improving metabolic health. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04389736). Novelty: • NMES at a comfortable intensity enhances energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation, and reduces postprandial insulinemia. • Thus, self-selected NMES represents a potential strategy to improve metabolic health.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Carroll, Harriet A., et al.
(författare)
-
The association between water intake and future cardiometabolic disease outcomes in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cardiovascular cohort
- 2024
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:1, s. 0296778-0296778
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between reported baseline water intake and incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort (n = 25,369). Using cox proportional hazards models, we separately modelled the effect of plain and total (all water, including from food) water on CAD and type 2 diabetes risk, whilst adjusting for age, sex, diet collection method, season, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, education level, energy intake, energy misreporting, body mass index, hypertension, lipid lowering medication, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and dietary variables. Sensitivity analyses were run to assess validity. After adjustment, no association was found between tertiles of plain or total water intake and type 2 diabetes risk. For CAD, no association was found comparing moderate to low intake tertiles from plain or total water, however, risk of CAD increased by 12% (95% CI 1.03, 1.21) when comparing high to low intake tertiles of plain water, and by 17% (95% CI 1.07, 1.27) for high versus low tertiles of total water. Sensitivity analyses were largely in agreement. Overall, baseline water intake was not associated with future type 2 diabetes risk, whilst CAD risk was higher with higher water intakes. Our findings are discordant with prevailing literature suggesting higher water intakes should reduce cardiometabolic risk. These findings may be an artefact of limitations within the study, but future research is needed to understand if there is a causal underpinning.
|
|
