| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Martucci, Leonardo, et al.
(författare)
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A Lightweight Distributed Group Authentication Mechanism
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying trustable devices and establishing secure tunnels between them in ad hoc network environments is a difficult task because it has to be quick, inexpensive and secure. Certificate-based authentication mechanisms are too expensive for small devices. The use of such mechanisms must be controlled and reserved for special situations, (e.g. banking applications) but not for everyday transactions. In addition, indiscriminate use of asymmetric ciphering and certificate-based authentication is a shortcut to battery exhaustion attacks. This paper describes a lightweight distributed group authentication mechanism suitable for ad hoc network devices requirements. We introduce the concept of group authentication, which target is not the individual identification of devices, but to verify if a device belongs or does not belong to a trusted group. The proposed mechanism verifies if devices have a pre-shared secret and sets new cipher keys each time it runs. This mechanism requires loose synchronization among the devices real time clocks to thwart replay attacks. It also mitigates the effects of battery exhaustion attacks due to its lightness
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| 3. |
- Martucci, Leonardo, et al.
(författare)
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A Trust-Based Security Architecture for Small and Medium-Sized Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a trust based security architecture for small/medium-sized mobile ad hoc networks. We designed and implemented a security architecture that extends the traditional PKI model, assigning variable trust values to digital certificates and issuing credentials to grant access to network services. Trust values are not static; they vary during regular network operation as network users provoke security incidents. Depending on the seriousness of the incidents the trust value associated to the offenders certificate will vary. Eventually, a series of security incidents may end up with the certificate revocation. We also developed a security framework for designing secure applications and built prototypes to test and validate our architecture. We considered service-oriented ad hoc networks, where every mobile device is classified as service providers or service users
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| 4. |
- Näslund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Encrypting and Storing Data
- 2016
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Methods and apparatus for encrypting and storing data. The methods and apparatus provide different levels of security and usability. The methods and apparatus generate two or more keys based on a shared secret made available to a user equipment and a server. The two or more keys comprise at least one perfect forward secrecy key, and at least one limited forward secrecy key. The methods and apparatus encrypt data using at least one of the two or more keys. The methods and apparatus store the encrypted data in a memory of the user equipment and/or transmit the data from the user equipment to the server
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