| 1. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bossi, A, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the development of an integrated capillary electrophoresis optical biosensor
- 2003
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : John Wiley andamp;amp; Sons, Ltd. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 24:19-20, s. 3356-3363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extending the previous preliminary study on the construction of a capillary electrophoresis (CE)/sensor for the detection of reducing analytes, we focus the interest on the simultaneous detection of redox active species, which are important indicators of the oxidative damage in tissues, of food preservation, and of pollution. The CE/sensor was built by modifying the detector-portion of the capillary with the redox-sensitive polymer polyaniline (PANI). The analyte is detected by monitoring the changes in optical absorption of the PANI film. The CE/sensor was tested, with good results, with ascorbic acid, glutathione (GSH), as well as with compounds with very close similarity (ascorbic and isoascorbic acid). The kinetics of oxidation and reduction of PANI were evaluated. Further a PANI/CE-biological sensor was developed by coupling an enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOD), to the PANI-modified portion of the capillary. The stability of the immobilized GOD and the sensitivity of the CE/biosensor were studied, by using glucose as test analyte in concentrations within the physiological range. The results indicate that the CE/biosensor had good stability (more than 75% of original activity retained after 30 operational days), manufacturing reproducibility and a sensing range convenient for monitoring physiological glucose (1-24 mm).
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| 4. |
- Castelletti, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Joint structure learning and causal effect estimation for categorical graphical models
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biometrics. - 0006-341X .- 1541-0420. ; 80:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scope of this paper is a multivariate setting involving categorical variables. Following an external manipulation of one variable, the goal is to evaluate the causal effect on an outcome of interest. A typical scenario involves a system of variables representing lifestyle, physical and mental features, symptoms, and risk factors, with the outcome being the presence or absence of a disease. These variables are interconnected in complex ways, allowing the effect of an intervention to propagate through multiple paths. A distinctive feature of our approach is the estimation of causal effects while accounting for uncertainty in both the dependence structure, which we represent through a directed acyclic graph (DAG), and the DAG-model parameters. Specifically, we propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that targets the joint posterior over DAGs and parameters, based on an efficient reversible-jump proposal scheme. We validate our method through extensive simulation studies and demonstrate that it outperforms current state-of-the-art procedures in terms of estimation accuracy. Finally, we apply our methodology to analyze a dataset on depression and anxiety in undergraduate students.
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| 5. |
- Castelletti, L, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an integrated capillary electrophoresis/sensor for L-ascorbic acid detection
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : John Wiley andamp;amp; Sons, Ltd. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 23:2, s. 209-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A CE/biosensor for measuring ascorbic acid was developed by coupling a polyaniline optical sensor and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The capillary column was partially modified with a thin film of polyaniline redox sensitive material. Ascorbic acid was detected by monitoring the changes in optical absorbance occurring to the polyaniline film upon the reduction reaction. The sensor response (change in optical absorbance at 650 nm) is proportional to the concentration of ascorbic acid over a range of 2.5-250 mg/L and the response range has shown a clear dependence on the characteristics of the polymerized film. High specificity and sensitivity of the present method, low sample consumption, short times of response (ca. 2 min) and the reproducibility of the results demonstrate that the CE/polyaniline-sensor could be further employed in the study of the relation between the content of L-ascorbic acid in body fluids and clinical parameters, e.g., cell ageing.
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| 6. |
- Linde, C, et al.
(författare)
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The Membership Committee of the ESC
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1755-3245 .- 0008-6363. ; 115:12, s. E130-E132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Walsh, Roddy, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing rare variant interpretation in inherited arrhythmias through quantitative analysis of consortium disease cohorts and population controls
- 2021
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Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 23:1, s. 47-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Stringent variant interpretation guidelines can lead to high rates of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) for genetically heterogeneous disease like long QT syndrome (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome (BrS). Quantitative and disease-specific customization of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines can address this false negative rate.Methods: We compared rare variant frequencies from 1847 LQTS (KCNQ1/KCNH2/SCN5A) and 3335 BrS (SCN5A) cases from the International LQTS/BrS Genetics Consortia to population-specific gnomAD data and developed disease-specific criteria for ACMG/AMP evidence classes-rarity (PM2/BS1 rules) and case enrichment of individual (PS4) and domain-specific (PM1) variants.Results: Rare SCN5A variant prevalence differed between European (20.8%) and Japanese (8.9%) BrS patients (p = 5.7 x 10(-18)) and diagnosis with spontaneous (28.7%) versus induced (15.8%) Brugada type 1 electrocardiogram (ECG) (p = 1.3 x 10(-13)). Ion channel transmembrane regions and specific N-terminus (KCNH2) and C-terminus (KCNQ1/KCNH2) domains were characterized by high enrichment of case variants and >95% probability of pathogenicity. Applying the customized rules, 17.4% of European BrS and 74.8% of European LQTS cases had (likely) pathogenic variants, compared with estimated diagnostic yields (case excess over gnomAD) of 19.2%/82.1%, reducing VUS prevalence to close to background rare variant frequency.Conclusion: Large case-control data sets enable quantitative implementation of ACMG/AMP guidelines and increased sensitivity for inherited arrhythmia genetic testing.
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