| 1. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, et al.
(författare)
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E-cigarettes or vaping : is there any difference in perceptions of use and associated harm among the current users between a developed and a developing country?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tobacco Induced Diseases. - : EUEP European Publishing. - 1617-9625. ; 16:1, s. 92-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: E-cigarettes or vaping are currently increasing in popularity among smokers globally. This study aims to compare e-cigarette users between a developed country and a developing country to identify similarities/differences regarding perceptions of use and associated harm.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted during July 2017 among members of different popular online forums in Australia and Bangladesh, who were current or ex-users of e-cigarettes. Data were collected anonymously using Qualtrics.Results: There were 452 study participants, mean age was 39(±13.2) years and 80%(n=356) were men. Daily or occasional smoking in the last 30 days was more frequent among the Bangladeshi participants than their Australian counterparts (38% vs. 18%, p< 0.001, ORs 2.85, 95%CIs 1.76-4.62). Endeavour to quit smoking was also more common among the current smokers in Bangladesh (90% vs. 72%, p=0.013, ORs 3.69, 95%CIs 1.16-11.7). Almost all of the participants in both countries were using e-cigarettes daily and had nicotine in the e-liquid. The average amount of e-liquid used, nicotine strengths and duration of use in Australia and Bangladesh were 9(±7.9) vs. 5.9(±3.5) ml/day, 6.8(±6.4) vs. 4.6(±1.8) mg/ml, and 22.9(±22.3) vs. 15.9(±12.8) months respectively. The most commonly cited reason for using e-cigarettes in both countries was to reduce/quit cigarette smoking, although there was a significant difference between Australia and Bangladesh (95% vs. 83%, p< 0.001, ORs 3.89, 95%CIs 1.84-8.21). More than three quarters of respondents in both countries perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful and more than two thirds perceived them as less addictive. The majority of respondents did not try to stop using e-cigarettes, however, intention to discontinue in the next five years was more in Bangladesh than Australia (85% vs. 74%, p=0.006, ORs 1.99, 95%CIs 1.15-3.46).Conclusions: E-cigarettes were primarily used for reducing/quitting cigarettes in both countries, which supports prior evidence regarding the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
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| 3. |
- Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, et al.
(författare)
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E-cigarettes or vaping : examining perceptions of use and associated harm among current users in Australia and Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tobacco Induced Diseases. - : EUEP European Publishing. - 1617-9625. ; 16:1, s. 92-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: E-cigarettes or vaping are currently increasing in popularity among smokers globally. This study aims to examine the perceptions of e-cigarette users regarding use and associated harm.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted during July 2017 among members of different popular online forums in Australia and Bangladesh, who were current or ex-users of e-cigarettes. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data anonymously using Qualtrics.Results: There were 452 study participants, mean age was 39(±13.2) years and 80%(n=356) were men. Half of them (n=223) resided in Australia and 32%(n=143) in Bangladesh. Three in four participants (77%) lived in metropolitan areas, 47% were married, 33% had undergraduate level of education, a fifth of them were either professionals or employed. More than three quarters (76%) of respondents were not current smokers and 40% of them quit smoking 1-5 years ago. Three quarters of the current smokers (76%) tried to quit smoking cigarettes in the last 12 months. Almost all of the participants (96%) were using e-cigarettes daily and 94% of them had nicotine in the e-liquid used. The average amount of e-liquid used, nicotine strengths and duration of use were 8.2(±6.9) ml/day, 6.7(±5.8) mg/ml, and 25.2(±23.3) months respectively. Reasons for using e-cigarettes were to reduce/quit cigarette smoking (91%), good taste/flavor (50%), low cost (41%), safe to use (39%) and can be used indoor/smoke free areas (33%). The majority of respondents (81%) perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes and 65% perceived them as less addictive. The majority of respondents (88%) did not try to stop using e-cigarettes, however, 75% of them had an intention to discontinue in the next five years.Conclusions: E-cigarettes were primarily used for reducing/quitting cigarettes, which supports prior evidence regarding the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
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| 4. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Dowsey, Michelle M., et al.
(författare)
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The association between radiographic severity and pre-operative function in patients undergoing primary knee replacement for osteoarthritis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Knee. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5800. ; 19:6, s. 860-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the association between radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and pre-operative function in patients undergoing primary knee replacement. Methods: Single centre study examining pre-operative outcomes in a consecutive series of 525 patients who underwent primary knee replacement for OA between January 2006 and December 2007. Pre-operative data included: demographics, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status and OA in the contralateral knee. The International Knee Society (IKS) rating and Short Form-12 (SF-12) were recorded for each patient. Pre-operative radiographs were read by a single observer for Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) grading and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas features. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the strength of associations between radiographic OA severity and function, adjusting for clinically relevant variables. Results: Lateral tibiofemoral osteophyte grade was an independent predictor of pre-operative function as determined by the functional sub-scale of the IKS in patients undergoing primary knee replacement (coefficient = 2.58, p = 0.033). No associations were evident between pre-operative function and modified K&L, joint space narrowing, Ahlback attrition and coronal plane deformity. Other statistically significant predictors of poorer pre-operative function included: advancing age, female gender, knee pain and poorer SF-12 mental component summary scores which including osteophyte grade accounted for 24.6% of the variation in functional scores, (r = 0.496). Conclusion: Osteophytes in the lateral compartment of the knee were associated with pre-operative function in patients with advanced knee OA. Further studies are required which examine individual radiographic features specifically in patients with advanced knee OA to determine their relationship to pre-operative pain and function. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Haagsma, Juanita A, et al.
(författare)
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Falls in older aged adults in 22 European countries : incidence, mortality and burden of disease from 1990 to 2017
- 2020
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 26:Supp 1, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Falls in older aged adults are an important public health problem. Insight into differences in fall-related injury rates between countries can serve as important input for identifying and evaluating prevention strategies. The objectives of this study were to compare Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates on incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to fall-related injury in older adults across 22 countries in the Western European region and to examine changes over a 28-year period.METHODS: We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the GBD 2017 results on age-standardised fall-related injury in older adults aged 70 years and older in 22 countries from 1990 to 2017.RESULTS: In 2017, in the Western European region, 13 840 per 100 000 (uncertainty interval (UI) 11 837-16 113) older adults sought medical treatment for fall-related injury, ranging from 7594 per 100 000 (UI 6326-9032) in Greece to 19 796 per 100 000 (UI 15 536-24 233) in Norway. Since 1990, fall-related injury DALY rates showed little change for the whole region, but patterns varied widely between countries. Some countries (eg, Belgium and Netherlands) have lost their favourable positions due to an increasing fall-related injury burden of disease since 1990.CONCLUSIONS: From 1990 to 2017, there was considerable variation in fall-related injury incidence, mortality, DALY rates and its composites in the 22 countries in the Western European region. It may be useful to assess which fall prevention measures have been taken in countries that showed continuous low or decreasing incidence, death and DALY rates despite ageing of the population.
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| 7. |
- Solmi, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 382
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To systematically assess credibility and certainty of associations between cannabis, cannabinoids, and cannabis based medicines and human health, from observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DESIGN Umbrella review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, up to 9 February 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies and RCTs that have reported on the efficacy and safety of cannabis, cannabinoids, or cannabis based medicines were included. Credibility was graded according to convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant (observational evidence), and by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) (RCTs). Quality was assessed with AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2). Sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS 101 meta-analyses were included (observational=50, RCTs=51) (AMSTAR 2 high 33, moderate 31, low 32, or critically low 5). From RCTs supported by high to moderate certainty, cannabis based medicines increased adverse events related to the central nervous system (equivalent odds ratio 2.84 (95% confidence interval 2.16 to 3.73)), psychological effects (3.07 (1.79 to 5.26)), and vision (3.00 (1.79 5.03)) in people with mixed conditions (GRADE=high), improved nausea/vomit, pain, spasticity, but increased psychiatric, gastrointestinal adverse event, and somnolence among others (GRADE=moderate). Cannabidiol improved 50% reduction of seizures (0.59 (0.38 to 0.92)) and seizure events (0.59 (0.36 to 0.96)) (GRADE=high), but increased pneumonia, gastrointestinal adverse events, and somnolence (GRADE=moderate). For chronic pain, cannabis based medicines or cannabinoids reduced pain by 30% (0.59 (0.37 to 0.93), GRADE=high), across different conditions (n=7), but increased psychological distress. For epilepsy, cannabidiol increased risk of diarrhoea (2.25 (1.33 to 3.81)), had no effect on sleep disruption (GRADE=high), reduced seizures across different populations and measures (n=7), improved global impression (n=2), quality of life, and increased risk of somnolence (GRADE=moderate). In the general population, cannabis worsened positive psychotic symptoms (5.21 (3.36 to 8.01)) and total psychiatric symptoms (7.49 (5.31 to 10.42)) (GRADE=high), negative psychotic symptoms, and cognition (n=11) (GRADE=moderate). In healthy people, cannabinoids improved pain threshold (0.74 (0.59 to 0.91)), unpleasantness (0.60 (0.41 to 0.88)) (GRADE=high). For inflammatory bowel disease, cannabinoids improved quality of life (0.34 (0.22 to 0.53) (GRADE=high). For multiple sclerosis, cannabinoids improved spasticity, pain, but increased risk of dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, somnolence (GRADE=moderate). For cancer, cannabinoids improved sleep disruption, but had gastrointestinal adverse events (n=2) (GRADE=moderate). Cannabis based medicines, cannabis, and cannabinoids resulted in poor tolerability across various conditions (GRADE=moderate). Evidence was convincing from observational studies (main and sensitivity analyses); in pregnant women, small for gestational age (1.61 (1.41 to 1.83)), low birth weight (1.43 (1.27 to 1.62)); in drivers, car crash (1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)); and in the general population, psychosis (1.71 (1.47 to 2.00)). Harmful effects were noted for additional neonatal outcomes, outcomes related to car crash, outcomes in the general population including psychotic symptoms, suicide attempt, depression, and mania, and impaired cognition in healthy cannabis users (all suggestive to highly suggestive). CONCLUSIONS Convincing or converging evidence supports avoidance of cannabis during adolescence and early adulthood, in people prone to or with mental health disorders, in pregnancy and before and while driving. Cannabidiol is effective in people with epilepsy. Cannabis based medicines are effective in people with multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, inflammatory bowel disease, and in palliative medicine, but not without adverse events.
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| 8. |
- Solmi, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Disparities in Screening and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Mental Disorders Across the World : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 47 Observational Studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : HighWire Press. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 178:9, s. 793-803
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study used meta-analysis to assess disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and treatment in people with mental disorders, a group that has elevated CVD incidence and mortality.METHODS: The authors searched PubMed and PsycInfo through July 31, 2020, and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis of observational studies comparing CVD screening and treatment in people with and without mental disorders. The primary outcome was odds ratios for CVD screening and treatment. Sensitivity analyses on screening and treatment separately and on specific procedures, subgroup analyses by country, and by controlling for confounding by indication, as well as meta-regressions, were also run, and publication bias and quality were assessed.RESULTS: Forty-seven studies (N=24,400,452 patients, of whom 1,283,602 had mental disorders) from North America (k=26), Europe (k=16), Asia (k=4), and Australia (k=1) were meta-analyzed. Lower rates of screening or treatment in patients with mental disorders emerged for any CVD (k=47, odds ratio=0.773, 95% CI=0.742, 0.804), coronary artery disease (k=34, odds ratio=0.734, 95% CI=0.690, 0.781), cerebrovascular disease (k=8, odds ratio=0.810, 95% CI=0.779, 0.842), and other mixed CVDs (k=11, odds ratio=0.839, 95% CI=0.761, 0.924). Significant disparities emerged for any screening, any intervention, catheterization or revascularization in coronary artery disease, intravenous thrombolysis for stroke, and treatment with any and with specific medications for CVD across all mental disorders (except for CVD medications in mood disorders). Disparities were largest for schizophrenia, and they differed across countries. Median study quality was high (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score, 8); higher-quality studies found larger disparities, and publication bias did not affect results.CONCLUSIONS: People with mental disorders, and those with schizophrenia in particular, receive less screening and lower-quality treatment for CVD. It is of paramount importance to address underprescribing of CVD medications and underutilization of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures across all mental disorders.
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