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| 2. |
- Boström, Peter J, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic Predictors of Outcome in Prostate Cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 68:6, s. 1033-1044
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the highly variable behavior and clinical course of prostate cancer (PCa) and the multiple available treatment options, a personalized approach to oncologic risk stratification is important. Novel genetic approaches offer additional information to improve clinical decision making.
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| 3. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(författare)
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A unified treatment of kinetic effects in a tokamak pedestal
- 2011
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 53, s. 054004-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the effects of a finite pedestal radial electric field on ion orbits using a unified approach. We then employ these modified orbit results to retain finite E×B drift departures from flux surfaces in an improved drift-kinetic equation. The procedure allows us to make a clear distinction between transit averages and flux surface averages when solving this kinetic equation. The technique outlined here is intended to clarify and unify recent evaluations of the banana regime decrease and plateau regime alterations in the ion heat diffusivity; the reduction and possible reversal of the poloidal flow in the banana regime, and its augmentation in the plateau regime; the increase in the bootstrap current; and the enhancement of the residual zonal flow regulation of turbulence.
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| 4. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(författare)
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Axisymmetric global gravitational equilibrium for magnetized, rotating hot plasma
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 81:06, s. 515810603-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present analytic solutions for three-dimensional magnetized axisymmetric equilibria confining rotating hot plasma in a gravitational field. Our up–down symmetric solution to the full Grad–Shafranov equation can exhibit equatorial plane localization of the plasma density and current, resulting in disk equilibria for the plasma density. For very weak magnetic fields and high plasma pressure, we find strongly rotating thin plasma disk gravitational equilibria that satisfy strict Keplerian motion provided the gravitational energy is much larger than the plasma pressure, which must be large compared to the magnetic energy of the poloidal magnetic field. When the rotational energy exceeds the gravitational energy and it is larger than the plasma pressure, diffuse disk equilibrium solutions continue to exist provided the poloidal magnetic energy remains small. For stronger magnetic fields and lower plasma pressure and rotation, we can also find gravitational equilibria with strong localization to the equatorial plane. However, a toroidal magnetic field is almost always necessary to numerically verify these equilibria are valid solutions in the presence of gravity for the cases considered in Catto & Krasheninnikov (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 81, 2015, 105810301). In all cases both analytic and numerical results are presented.
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| 5. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(författare)
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Electromagnetic zonal flow residual responses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 83:3, s. Article no 905830402-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The collisionless axisymmetric zonal flow residual calculation for a tokamak plasma is generalized to include electromagnetic perturbations. We formulate and solve the complete initial value zonal flow problem by retaining the fully self-consistent axisymmetric spatial perturbations in the electric and magnetic fields. Simple expressions for the electrostatic, shear and compressional magnetic residual responses are derived that provide a fully electromagnetic test of the zonal flow residual in gyrokinetic codes. Unlike the electrostatic potential, the parallel vector potential and the parallel magnetic field perturbations need not relax to flux functions for all possible initial conditions.
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| 6. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional magnetized and rotating hot plasma equilibrium and stability in a gravitational field
- 2015
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Ingår i: Europhysics Conference Abstracts. - 2914771983 ; 39E, s. O2.401-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present analytic solutions for three-dimensional magnetized axisymmetric equilibria confining rotating hot plasma in a gravitational field. Our solution to the full Grad-Shafranov equation can exhibit strong equatorial plane localization of the plasma density and current, resulting in disk equilibria for the plasma density. Unlike in [P.J. Catto et al, 2015, J. Plasma Physics 81, 105810301], we find a toriodal magnetic field is necessary to find a equilibrium in the presence of gravity for most cases of interest. We expect our results to provide impetus to re-investigate magneto-rotational stability.
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| 7. |
- Catto, Peter J, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional magnetized and rotating hot plasma equilibrium in a gravitational field
- 2015
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Ingår i: 57th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics. ; 60:19, s. NP12.00113 -
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present analytic and numerical solutions for three-dimensional magnetized axisymmetric equilibria confining rotating hot plasma in a gravitational field. Our solution to the full Shafranov-Grad equation can exhibit strong equatorial plane localization of the plasma density and current, resulting in disk equilibria for the plasma density. We find that a toriodal magnetic field is sometimes necessary to find a equilibrium in the presence of gravity for many cases of interest.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gandaglia, Giorgio, et al.
(författare)
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Structured Population-based Prostate-specific Antigen Screening for Prostate Cancer : The European Association of Urology Position in 2019
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 76:2, s. 142-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa)is one of the first three causes of cancer mortality in Europe. Screening in asymptomatic men (aged 55–69 yr)using prostate-specific antigen (PSA)is associated with a migration toward lower staged disease and a reduction in cancer-specific mortality. By 20 yr after testing, around 100 men need to be screened to prevent one PCa death. While this ratio is smaller than for breast and colon cancer, the long natural history of PCa means many men die from other causes. As such, the nonselective use of PSA testing and radical treatments can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The European Association of Urology (EAU)supports measures to encourage appropriate PCa detection through PSA testing, while reducing overdiagnosis and overtreatment. These goals may be achieved using personalized risk-stratified approaches. For diagnosis, the greatest benefit from early detection is likely to come in men assessed using baseline PSA levels at the age of 45 yr to individualize screening intervals. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging as well as risk calculators based on family history, ethnicity, digital rectal examination, and prostate volume should be considered to triage the need for biopsy, thus reducing the risk of overdiagnosis. For treatment, the EAU advocates balancing patient's life expectancy and cancer's mortality risk when deciding an approach. Active surveillance is encouraged in well-informed patients with low-risk and some intermediate-risk cancers, as it decreases the risks of overtreatment without compromising oncological outcomes. Conversely, the EAU advocates radical treatment in suitable men with more aggressive PCa. Multimodal treatment should be considered in locally advanced or high-grade cancers. Patient summary: Implementation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening should be considered at a population level. Men at risk of prostate cancer should have a baseline PSA blood test (eg, at 45 yr). The level of this test, combined with family history, ethnicity, and other factors, can be used to determine subsequent follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging scans and novel biomarkers should be used to determine which men need biopsy and how any cancers should be treated.
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