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- Causevic, Sara, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and associated factors for poor mental health among young migrants in Sweden : a cross-sectional study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Young migrants face multiple challenges that can affect their mental, sexual and reproductive health.OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of self-reported poor mental health and its associated demographic, post-migration and sexual risk behaviour factors among young migrants (aged 15–25) in Sweden.METHODS Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey conducted with migrants aged 15–65 years old in Sweden between December 2018 and November 2019 (n = 6449). Among these, 990 participants aged 15–25 were eligible for the study. Mental health was measured using the Refugee Health Screener-13. Missing data indicator analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to estimate the association between mental health, sexual risk behaviour, demographic and migration-related variables.RESULTS Of the 990 participants, 59% reported poor mental health. Participants reporting poor mental health were more likely to be female (AOR:1.63, 95% CI:1.18–2.25), to have lived in Sweden more than three years (AOR:2.16, 95% CI:1.17–3.97), to engage in any sexual risk behaviour (AOR:1.99, 95% CI:1.25–3.17), and to live alone (AOR:1.95, 95% CI:1.25–3.03) or with friends they already knew (AOR:1.60, 95% CI:1.37–4.91). People arriving from the Americas (AOR:0.54, 95% CI:0.33–0.88), Asia (AOR:0.44, 95% CI:0.22–0.86), Europe (AOR:0.30, 95% CI:0.14–0.61) and Africa (AOR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23–0.60) had lower odds of poor mental health than those arriving from Syria.CONCLUSION The prevalence of poor mental health among young migrants in Sweden was high, with specific subgroups (women, asylum seekers, people arriving from Syria, and those residing longer in Sweden) being particularly vulnerable. Our results indicate the interconnectedness between poor mental health and sexual risk behaviour in this population. Thus, policies targeting young migrants should ensure that healthcare services screen for both poor sexual and mental health at the same time.
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| 4. |
- Causevic, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and risk factors for transactional sex among Swedish-born and foreign-born MSM in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known about transactional sex (TS) (selling and buying sex) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sweden, especially among foreign-born MSM. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of TS (ever and in the previous five years) among MSM living in Sweden and to determine if there is a difference between Swedish-born MSM and foreign-born MSM.Methods: Swedish data from a multicountry online banner survey (EMIS-2017) was used (n = 4443). Multivariable regression analysis was applied to analyse the data.Results: The prevalence of ever-selling sex among all MSM participants was 13.2% and 5.9% in the previous five years. Selling sex ever and in the previous five years was higher among foreign-born MSM (16% and 8.4%, respectively) than Swedish-born MSM (12.7% and 5.4%, respectively). Among all participants, younger age (aOR:3.19, 95% CI:1.57-6.45) and really struggling to live on current income (aOR:3.37, 95% CI:2.29-4.96) increased the odds of selling sex. Being foreign-born MSM (aOR:1.33, 95% CI:1.02-1.73) and having had sex with a woman in the previous 12 months increased the odds of selling sex (aOR:1.44, 95% CI:1.00-2.07). The prevalence of ever buying sex among MSM participants in Sweden was 10.8% and 6.7% in the previous five years, with the same trend among foreign-born MSM (11.6% and 6.9%, respectively) and Swedish-born MSM (10.7% and 6.6%, respectively). Higher education and not having a current partner increased the odds of buying sex. Younger age was protective for buying sex (aOR:0.05, 95% CI:0.02-0.14). Among the foreign-born MSM, the length of stay in Sweden decreased the odds of buying sex (aOR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99).Conclusions: The comparatively high prevalence of TS among MSM participants in Sweden, where buying sex is illegal, with a higher prevalence among foreign-born MSM participants, calls for sexual and reproductive health and rights interventions in this population. Increased attention, including HIV prevention programming and education, should be aimed at younger MSM, MSM struggling with their current income, and foreign-born MSM, as they are more likely to report selling sex.
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- Causevic, Sara
(författare)
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Sexual risk behaviors among young migrants and key populations in Sweden
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The approximate number of young migrants (aged 15 to 24 years) is almost 32 million globally. In Sweden, in 2022, nearly 2.5% of all citizens were foreign-born aged 15-24. Previous research has shown that young migrants are at increased risk of engaging in sexual risk behaviors, including sexual minorities, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). In addition, migrants can suffer from poor health due to their migration journey and postmigration living circumstances. The aim of this thesis is to assess the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors and the sociodemographic factors that can influence the sexual risk behaviors among young foreign-born key populations who are at risk for HIV in Sweden. Additionally, to assess the prevalence of sexual risk behavior transactional sex among MSM and foreign-born MSM living in Sweden. Methods: Four papers were completed using data from two cross-sectional surveys: one from a migrant SRHR study conducted in Sweden during 2017-2018 (Papers I and II) and another from the European Men who have sex with men Internet Survey (EMIS) conducted in 2017 (Papers III and IV). In Paper I, 1563 participants aged between 15 and 25 years (56% male, 44% female) were eligible to participate in the assessment of sexual risk behavior prevalence, and in paper II, 976 (54% male, 46% female) participants to assess the prevalence of poor mental health. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the relationship between sexual risk behavior and demographic and migration-related variables (Paper I). In paper II, we assess the association between mental health, sexual risk behavior, willingness to take risks, and demographic and migration-related variables. In the EMIS–2017 papers, 4443 MSM participants reporting to live in Sweden are included to assess the prevalence of engaging in transactional sex. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of transactional sex and the relationship between transactional sex and demographic and migration-related variables (paper III) and HIV status (paper IV). Results: In paper I, the overall prevalence of sexual risk behaviors in the past year was 33% (n=536). Condomless sex was the most prevalent sexual risk behavior, with increased odds among those coming from the Americas and Europe (compared to Syria) and coming to Sweden to live with a family (compared to those arriving as asylum seekers/refugees), including younger age and living longer in Sweden. Belonging to Islam decreased the odds. Increased odds for engaging in sex under drug influence were among young migrants born in Europe or a MENA country and those who came to Sweden to work or study, while age decreased the odds. Young migrants who came to work or study and lived longer in Sweden had increased odds of engaging in exchanging sex for money or goods. In paper II, 59% of participants reported poor mental health. Participants who reported living 4 and 5 years in Sweden had increased odds of poor mental health outcomes compared to those who lived in Sweden for less than one year. Living alone or with friends they had known earlier (compared to those living with family), being female, coming from Syria, engaging in sexual risk behaviors, and the willingness to take risks increased the odds of reporting poor mental health. Being highly educated, born in Asia, Europe, or Africa, and coming to live with family (compared to coming as an asylum seeker/refugee) decreased the odds of poor mental health. In paper III, we observe that the overall prevalence of engaging in selling sex ever was 13.2% (16% in foreign-born and 12.7% in Swedish-born) and 5.9% in the previous five years (8.4% foreign-born and 5.4% Swedish-born) among participants. Increased odds of selling sex were observed among those who were younger, reporting to struggle on their current income, being foreign-born, not defining their sexual orientation, and reporting to had sex with a woman in the previous 12 months. Low levels of outness decreased the odds of selling sex among Swedishborn MSM, contrary to foreign-born MSM, where higher levels of outness increased the odds of selling sex. Prevalence of buying sex ever was 10.8% (11.6% in foreignborn and 10.7% in Swedish-born) and 6.7% in the previous five years (6.9% foreignborn and 6.6% in Swedish-born). Factors increasing the odds of buying sex were higher education and not having a current partner, while younger age, low level of outness and defining as bisexual (compared to gay/homosexual) decreased the odds, including years of living in Sweden among foreign-born MSM. In paper IV, 5.4% of participants reported living with HIV (8.8% foreign-born and 4.8% Swedish-born). In the overall sample, the factors for increasing odds of reporting living with HIV were buying and selling sex in the past five years, being foreign-born, and really struggling with current income. Factors decreasing the odds for reporting living with HIV were younger age (up to 34 years compared to 65 and above), low levels of outness, always using a condom, including with a non-steady partner, and one to five sexual partners in the previous 12 months. Factor decreasing the odds among foreign-born MSM were 20-39 years old, higher education, living comfortably, always using a condom in the past 12 months and years lived in Sweden. Among Swedish-born MSM, low levels of outness, having one partner, and using a condom always and with a non-steady partner in the past 12 months (compared to never using a condom) were decreasing the odds. Conclusions: One in three young migrants aged 15-25 years living in Sweden reported engaging in sexual risk behavior, predominantly in condomless sex. Those who engage in sexual risk behavior also have increased odds of poor mental health. We observe that foreign-born MSM participants living in Sweden had a higher prevalence of transactional sex engagement than their Swedish-born MSM peers. Transactional sex remains a risk factor for living with HIV among MSM, particularly among foreign-born. Socio-demographic characteristics and migration influence young migrants’ sexual risk behavior. These findings can inform the design of social, economic, and political programs that aim promote safer sexual behaviors among young migrants. These findings can also benefit future targeting and tailoring of HIV prevention and testing programs reaching MSM and meeting the various needs of different MSM subpopulations.
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| 7. |
- Moradi, Fereidoun, et al.
(författare)
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On-Off Attack on a Blockchain-based IoT System
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728103037 ; , s. 1768-1773
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest in using the Blockchain for resolving IoT security and trustworthiness issues existing in today's complex systems. Blockchain concerns trust in peer to peer networks by providing a distributed tamper-resistant ledger. However, the combination of these two emerging technologies might create new problems and vulnerabilities that attackers might abuse.In this paper, we aim to investigate the trust mechanism of Lightweight Scalable BlockChain (LSB), that is a Blockchain specifically designed for Internet of Things networks, to show that a malicious participant in a Blockchain architecture have possibility to pursue an On-Off attack and downgrade the integrity of the distributed ledger. We choose a remote software update process as an instance to represent this violation. Finally, using the actor-based language Rebeca, we provide a model of a system under attack and verify the described attack scenario.
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| 8. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 9. |
- Tomson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Solidarity and universal preparedness for health after covid-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833. ; 372
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Göran Tomson and colleagues argue that our ability to control pandemics requires global action to counter inequalities from demographic, environmental, technological, and other megatrends
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