| 1. |
- Hassler, Jacob
(författare)
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Where are the people in emergency service planning? : Assessing the geography and equity of access to emergency services in Sweden
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Providing high-quality health care to everyone who needs it is a central objective of the Swedish healthcare system. One way in which this goal is broadly pursued is by allocating resources that maximize the geographical coverage of ambulances, aimed at reducing ambulance respons times as much as possible, for as many as possible. However, emergencies tend to be concentrated in space and time and some groups are more likely to require acute health care, implying that supply needs to be tailored to patient demand. This thesis aims to assess spatial and sociodemographic disparities in access to, and demand for, emergency services in Sweden, with a particular focus on emergency health care (EHC) services. It problematizes how supply and demand are measured, and the consequences this may have for the equitability of access to resources and efficient emergency response. Findings indicate that there currently exist spatial and sociodemographic disparities in access to EHC services in Sweden. The risk of requiring an ambulance is shown to be higher for individuals living in rural areas and for older adults in particular. Concomitantly, these groups have particularly poor levels of accessibility. The findings also indicate that the way that demand and accessibility is measured produce different spatial (and temporal) patterns and that commonly employed indicators of performance in policy (population sizes and response times) are shown to be overestimated and underestimated to varying degrees at certain times and in certain places. Such information is important to convey to planners, as inaccurate estimates may entail that planners have poor knowledge on which to base decisions related to resource allocation, which could in turn affect some places and groups negatively. The thesis highlights that currently employed policy goals may inadvertently entail unexpected inequities in terms of varying levels of accessibility to EHC, where resources are not directed towards the places and groups that need them the most. This opens up a discussion of how quantitative measures that underpin planning are always based on certain conceptualizations over other possible conceptualizations. Ultimately, this thesis may contribute to facilitating the planning of more equitable emergency services.
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| 2. |
- Abraham, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Crime and safety in rural areas : A systematic review of the English-language literature 1980-2020
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 94, s. 250-273
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the nature and frequency of crimes and people's safety perceptions in rural areas using a systematic review of the literature. It explores four decades of English-language publications on crime and safety in rural areas from several major databases; mainly Scopus, JSTOR and ScienceDirect. The number of retrieved documents was 840, of which 410 were selected for in-depth analysis and their topics later categorized by theme. We found that rural crime research took off after the mid-1980s and experienced an increase during the 2010s. Despite the domination by North American, British and Australian scholarship, studies from other parts of the world (including the Global South) are increasingly being published as well. Publications on rural crime patterns (e.g., farm crime) compose over one-fifth of the reviewed literature. This together with rural policing/criminal justice and violence constitute the three largest themes in rural criminology research. With ever-increasing links between the local and the global, this review article advocates for tailored multilevel responses to rural crimes that, more than ever, are generated by processes far beyond their localities.
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| 3. |
- Almeida, Franklin, et al.
(författare)
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Análise temporal de roubos e furtos a residência em Cuiabá, Brasil
- 2023
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Ingår i: Revista Brasileira de Segurança Pública. - : Revista Brasileira de Seguranca Publica. - 1981-1659 .- 2595-0258. ; 17:1, s. 208-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O presente estudo analisa a influência dos fatores temporais na dinâmica dos crimes de roubo e furto à residência no município de Cuiabá/MT. Para isso, toma como base teórica e estrutura de orientação as teorias da atividade rotineira e da escolha racional. Apesar de analisar a distribuição de tais crimes por ano, mês, estação do ano, dia da semana e período do dia, os resultados estatísticos apenas apontam que os roubos são mais concentrados no período noturno. Todavia, a pesquisa indica que os crimes de roubo e furto à residência possuem padrões temporais específicos, o que é de grande importância para embasar as políticas de segurança pública na cidade, as quais deverão adotar, por exemplo, variadas estratégias de prevenção para diferentes períodos do dia e do ano.
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| 4. |
- Aransiola, Temidayo James, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of Lethal Violence in Brazil 2000–2017 : A Space-Temporal Analysis of Homicides
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. - : SAGE Publications Inc. - 1043-9862 .- 1552-5406. ; 38:1, s. 34-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the space-temporal growth of homicide rates in Brazil from 2000 to 2017 and identifies determinants of the country?s growth of homicide rates. Data from the Brazilian Information System on Mortality and Censuses are used to estimate growth models combined with spatial statistics and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Findings show evidence of change in the geographical distribution of lethal violence over time, characterized by a steady increase in the North and Northeast regions and a reduction in growth in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. Social disorganization factors namely deprivation, ethnic heterogeneity, and urbanization are significant positive determinants of the growth of homicide rates. The results show a reduction of the predictive strength of income inequality and an increase in that of unemployment from the year 2010 to 2017. The theoretical and policy implications of these results are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Aransiola, Temidayo James, et al.
(författare)
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The Commodification of Security in Brazil: Urban–Rural Divide in Household Adoption of Safety Protective Devices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Professional Geographer. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0033-0124 .- 1467-9272. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to assess the determinants of using safety devices in Brazilian households, taking into account different urban–rural country contexts and income distribution. Probit models are estimated using microdata from the 2009 Brazilian National Household Sampling Survey. On average, less than half of the underprivileged population adopts safety devices, whereas almost double as many do so among the wealthy. Findings also indicate an inverse association between the level of urbanization and adoption of safety protective devices, especially of modern ones—a pattern mediated by individual levels of victimization and safety perceptions. For example, previous victimization by theft or robbery is more decisive for adopting safety protective devices among economically underprivileged households compared to wealthier ones. These results provide evidence of the perverse effects of unequal commodification of security across a country that penalizes, in particular, the rural poor.
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| 6. |
- Aransiola, Temidayo James, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Absolute and Relative Deprivation on Homicides in Brazil
- 2021
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Ingår i: Homicide Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1088-7679 .- 1552-6720. ; 25:4, s. 361-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of absolute deprivation (proxy unemployment)and relative deprivation (proxy income inequality) on homicide levels in Brazil. Adatabase from the Brazilian Information System about Mortality and Census of theyear 2000 and 2010 was used to estimate negative binomial models of homicidelevels controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic factors. Findingsshow that unemployment and income inequality affect homicides levels and that theeffect of the former is more pronounced compared to the latter. Moreover, thecombination of income inequality and unemployment exacerbates the overall effectof deprivation on homicide levels.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ariel, Barak, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences and Reporting of Unwanted Sexual Behaviors on Great Britain’s Rail Network : A Survey of Victims and Witnesses with an Embedded Randomized Vignette Experiment on Callback Effects
- 2024
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Ingår i: Victims & Offenders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; , s. 1-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unwanted-sexual-behaviors (USBs) on Great Britain’s rail network, though often seen as “lesser-harm” incidents, have profound psychological, emotional, and behavioral impacts on victims and witnesses. A national survey reveals these effects, highlighting the traumatizing effect of USBs, even years later. Victims share their dissatisfaction with reporting USBs and the need for empathetic communication in victim recovery and trust in authorities. The study also examines the impact of reassurance callbacks from police. While a single callback enhanced perceptions of safety and police effectiveness, multiple callbacks were favored, suggesting their potential to improve victim support and confidence in law enforcement responses to USBs.
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| 9. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-
(författare)
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"Apps on the street" En ny tids vakande ögon
- 2019
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Ingår i: Samhällsbyggandet som mysterium – Jane Jacobs idéer om människor, städer och ekonomier. - : Nordic Academic Press.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Cannabisbruk och langning i Stockholms län : Situationella mönster och samhällskonsekvenser
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien är att kartlägga de situationer där cannabisanvändning och överlåtelse skeri Stockholmsregionen. Vi undersöker också kopplingen mellan cannabisrelaterade brott ochsamhällskonsekvenser på lokal nivå, till exempel på bostadsmarknaden.Med hjälp av data från Polisregion Stockholms polisregister undersöker vi om brotten hadehögre sannolikhet att ske i särskilda stadsmiljöer. Dessutom rapporterar vi tidsmässiga ochrumsliga egenskaper av alla cannabisrelaterade brott i Stockholmsregionen (bruk, innehav ochhandel) med hjälp av registerdata från Polisens nationellt forensiskt centrum (NFC), som täckeråren 2019–2020. Studien utnyttjar geografiska informationssystem (GIS) och spatialaregressionsmodeller (i) för en bättre förståelse för geografin av cannabisrelaterade brott. Olikaoffentliga typer av markanvändning (t.ex. parker, transportknutpunkter och skolor) ställs ocksåi relation till cannabisrelaterade brott, efter att ha kontrollerat för demografiska,socioekonomiska och lokaliseringsbaserade faktorer. Vi avslutar rapporten med ett antal rekommendationer för både forskning och praktik. Eftersomcannabisinnehav och langning inte visar samma brottsgeografi, är det viktigt att komma ihågatt åtgärder behöver vara specifika för de olika brotten. När det gäller langning är en ökadnaturlig övervakning och tillsyn av de platser där brotten sker en viktig del av detcannabisförebyggande arbetet. Även platsansvariga, som hyresvärdar, skolpersonal ochstationspersonal, kan påverka såväl privata som offentliga miljöer där cannabisbrott sker.Tillgång och efterfrågan av cannabis finns alltså på olika platser, vilket är viktiga pusselbitarför brottsförebyggande arbete och bevakning. Långsiktiga satsningar på områden med högbrottslighet är också viktiga för att förebygga förfallspiralen, som annars förstärker de socialaproblemen som redan finns i dessa områden.
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