| 1. |
- Amici, Julia, et al.
(author)
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A Roadmap for Transforming Research to Invent the Batteries of the Future Designed within the European Large Scale Research Initiative BATTERY 2030
- 2022
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In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 12:17
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This roadmap presents the transformational research ideas proposed by "BATTERY 2030+," the European large-scale research initiative for future battery chemistries. A "chemistry-neutral" roadmap to advance battery research, particularly at low technology readiness levels, is outlined, with a time horizon of more than ten years. The roadmap is centered around six themes: 1) accelerated materials discovery platform, 2) battery interface genome, with the integration of smart functionalities such as 3) sensing and 4) self-healing processes. Beyond chemistry related aspects also include crosscutting research regarding 5) manufacturability and 6) recyclability. This roadmap should be seen as an enabling complement to the global battery roadmaps which focus on expected ultrahigh battery performance, especially for the future of transport. Batteries are used in many applications and are considered to be one technology necessary to reach the climate goals. Currently the market is dominated by lithium-ion batteries, which perform well, but despite new generations coming in the near future, they will soon approach their performance limits. Without major breakthroughs, battery performance and production requirements will not be sufficient to enable the building of a climate-neutral society. Through this "chemistry neutral" approach a generic toolbox transforming the way batteries are developed, designed and manufactured, will be created.
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| 2. |
- Atkins, Duncan, et al.
(author)
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Understanding Battery Interfaces by Combined Characterization and Simulation Approaches : Challenges and Perspectives
- 2022
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In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 12:17
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Driven by the continuous search for improving performances, understanding the phenomena at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces has become an overriding factor for the success of sustainable and efficient battery technologies for mobile and stationary applications. Toward this goal, rapid advances have been made regarding simulations/modeling techniques and characterization approaches, including high-throughput electrochemical measurements coupled with spectroscopies. Focusing on Li-ion batteries, current developments are analyzed in the field as well as future challenges in order to gain a full description of interfacial processes across multiple length/timescales; from charge transfer to migration/diffusion properties and interphases formation, up to and including their stability over the entire battery lifetime. For such complex and interrelated phenomena, developing a unified workflow intimately combining the ensemble of these techniques will be critical to unlocking their full investigative potential. For this paradigm shift in battery design to become reality, it necessitates the implementation of research standards and protocols, underlining the importance of a concerted approach across the community. With this in mind, major collaborative initiatives gathering complementary strengths and skills will be fundamental if societal and environmental imperatives in this domain are to be met.
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| 3. |
- Castelli, Ivano E., et al.
(author)
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Data Management Plans : the Importance of Data Management in the BIG-MAP Project
- 2021
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In: Batteries & Supercaps. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2566-6223. ; 4:12, s. 1803-1812
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Open access to research data is increasingly important for accelerating research. Grant authorities therefore request detailed plans for how data is managed in the projects they finance. We have recently developed such a plan for the EU H2020 BIG-MAP project-a cross-disciplinary project targeting disruptive battery-material discoveries. Essential for reaching the goal is extensive sharing of research data across scales, disciplines and stakeholders, not limited to BIG-MAP and the European BATTERY 2030+ initiative but within the entire battery community. The key challenges faced in developing the data management plan for such a large and complex project were to generate an overview of the enormous amount of data that will be produced, to build an understanding of the data flow within the project and to agree on a roadmap for making all data FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable). This paper describes the process we followed and how we structured the plan.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kühn, Sebastian P., et al.
(author)
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Face to Face at the Cathode Electrolyte Interphase : From Interface Features to Interphase Formation and Dynamics
- 2022
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In: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2196-7350. ; 9:8
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Development of high-performing lithium-based batteries inevitably calls for a profound understanding and elucidation of the reactivity at the electrode-liquid electrolyte interface and its impact on the overall performance and safety. The formation, composition, properties, and mechanisms of the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation and function are still to a large extent unknown for most lithium-based battery materials, whereas the same is well considered for the solid electrolyte interphase on negative electrodes in the literature. In particular, in high voltage regions >4.3 V, the oxidative stability limit of most liquid electrolytes is reached and new mechanisms, involving surface reactivity of the active material beside electrolyte decomposition, contribute to the interfacial reactivity and nature of the CEI. Focusing on lithium-based cell chemistries, this review aims to highlight the impact of the still less understood electrolyte decomposition chemistry, dictated by the nature of its components, as well as the in-depth research on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of CEI formation and evolution at positive electrode material surface and sub-surfaces.
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| 6. |
- Lundström, Robin
(author)
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Exploring Reaction Pathways in Li-ion Batteries with Operando Gas Analysis
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The reliance on Li-ion batteries is increasing as we transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Despite their widespread use, a gap remains in understanding certain processes within these batteries, especially regarding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the impact of side reactions on Li-ion batteries. A custom-made Online Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (OEMS) instrument was designed to explore these aspects. The OEMS instrument was validated through the study of gas-evolving reactions in the classic LiCoO2 | Graphite system. In-depth studies focusing on the reaction pathways of ethylene carbonate, the archetype Li-ion battery electrolyte solvent, identified the specific reaction pathways contributing to SEI formation. Moreover, ethylene carbonate’s interaction with residual contaminants like OH– from H2O reduction was explored. It was revealed that the integrity of the SEI can be compromised by minor amounts of contaminants, establishing a competitive dynamic at the negative electrode surface between ethylene carbonate and residual contaminants such as H2O and HF. Additionally, the roles of additives like vinylene carbonate and lithium bis(oxolato) borate in SEI formation were explored. Vinylene carbonate was shown to form a layer on the negative electrode, but also scavenge protons and H2O, revealing that it is a multi-functional additive. Lithium bis(oxolato) borate on the other hand formed an SEI layer before H2O reduction, blocking the residual contaminant and ethylene carbonate from reaching the electrode surface. By providing insights into the negative electrode’s interphase and SEI formation through a custom-made OEMS instrument, this research underscores the complexity of reaction pathways and the necessity of considering both major and minor, as well as, primary and secondary reactions for a holistic understanding of Li-ion batteries.
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