| 1. |
- Candaele, Bernard, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Optimisation for Scalable multi-core ARchiTecture : The MOSART approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE Annual Symposium on VLSI, ISVLSI 2010. - 9780769540764 ; , s. 518-523
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project will address two main challenges of prevailing architectures: 1) The global Interconnect and memory bottleneck due to a single, globally shared memory with high access times and power consumption; 2) The difficulties in programming heterogeneous, multi-core platforms, in particular in dynamically managing data structures in distributed memory. MOSART aims to overcome these through a multi-core architecture with distributed memory organisation, a Network-on-Chip (NoC) communication backbone and configurable processing cores that are scaled, optimised and customised together to achieve diverse energy, performance, cost and size requirements of different classes of applications. MOSART achieves this by: A) Providing platform support for management of abstract data structures Including middleware services and a run-time data manager for NoC based communication infrastructure; 2) Developing tool support for parallelizing and mapping applications on the multi-core target platform and customizing the processing cores for the application.
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| 2. |
- Candaele, Bernard, et al.
(författare)
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The MOSART Mapping Optimization for multi-core Architectures
- 2011
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Ingår i: VLSI 2010 Annual Symposium. - Dordrecht : Springer Publishing Company. ; , s. 181-195
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- MOSART project addresses two main challenges of prevailing architectures: (i) Theglobal interconnect and memory bottleneck due to a single, globally shared memorywith high access times and power consumption; (ii) The difficulties in programmingheterogeneous, multi-core platforms MOSART aims to overcome these through amulti-core architecture with distributed memory organization, a Network-on-Chip(NoC) communication backbone and configurable processing cores that are scaled,optimized and customized together to achieve diverse energy, performance, cost andsize requirements of different classes of applications. MOSART achieves this by:(i) Providing platform support for management of abstract data structures includingmiddleware services and a run-time data manager for NoC based communicationinfrastructure; (ii) Developing tool support for parallelizing and mapping applicationson the multi-core target platform and customizing the processing cores for theapplication.
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| 3. |
- Anagnostopoulos, I., et al.
(författare)
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Power-Aware Dynamic Memory Management on Many-Core Platforms Utilizing DVFS
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1539-9087 .- 1558-3465. ; 13:1, s. 40-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today multicore platforms are already prevalent solutions for modern embedded systems. In the future, embedded platforms will have an even more increased processor core count, composing many-core platforms. In addition, applications are becoming more complex and dynamic and try to efficiently utilize the amount of available resources on the embedded platforms. Efficient memory utilization is a key challenge for application developers, especially since memory is a scarce resource and often becomes the system's bottleneck. To cope with this dynamism and achieve better memory footprint utilization (lowmemory fragmentation) application developers resort to the usage of dynamic memory (heap) management techniques, by allocating and deallocating data at runtime. Moreover, overall power consumption is another key challenge that needs to be taken into consideration. Towards this, designers employ the usage of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) mechanisms, adapting to the application's computational demands at runtime. In this article, we propose the combination of dynamic memory management techniques with DVFS ones. This is performed by integrating, within thememorymanager, runtimemonitoringmechanisms that steer the DVFSmechanisms to adjust clock frequency and voltage supply based on heap performance. The proposed approach has been evaluated on a distributed shared-memory many-core platform composed of multiple LEON3 processors interconnected by a Network-on-Chip infrastructure, supporting DVFS. Experimental results show that by using the proposed method for monitoring and applying DVFS mechanisms the power consumption concerning dynamic memory management was reduced by approximately 37%. In addition we present the trade-offs the proposed approach. Last, by combining the developed method with heap fragmentation-aware dynamic memory managers, we achieve low heap fragmentation values combined with low power consumption.
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| 4. |
- Chabloz, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
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A Flexible Communication Scheme for Rationally-Related Clock Frequencies
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER DESIGN. - 9781424450299 ; , s. 109-116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a replacement for the fast-fading Globally-Synchronous model, we have defined a flexible design style for SoCs, called GRLS, for Globally-Ratiochronous, Locally-Synchronous, which does not rely on global synchronization and is based on using rationally-related clock frequencies derived from the same source. In this paper, using the special periodical properties of rationally-related systems, we build a latency-insensitive, maximal-throughput, low-overhead communication method, based on the idea of using both clock edges to sample data at the Receiver. The validity of the method and its resistance to non-idealities such as jitter, misalignments and clock drifts are formally proven while experimental results including overhead are presented for 90 nm technology. Despite allowing much greater flexibility, the overhead of our method is comparable to that of state-of-the-art mesochronous communication techniques. We also show performances, complexity and overhead improvements over all other approaches that have so far been proposed for rationally-related clock frequencies.
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| 5. |
- Chabloz, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
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A GALS Network-on-Chip based on Rationally-Related Frequencies
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER DESIGN (ICCD). - LOS ALAMITOS : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781457719523 ; , s. 12-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GALS Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) in which the frequency of every switch can be set independently would enable per-node DVFS without requiring asynchronous switch design. However, traditional GALS interfaces introduce high latency penalties and are therefore ill-suited for inter-switch links in a NoC. In this paper we introduce and study a GALS Network-on-Chip based on the Globally-Ratiochronous, Locally-Synchronous (GRLS) paradigm. GRLS constrains all switch frequencies to be rationally-related but enables the use of efficient interfaces which reduce the latency of the network 60% compared to GALS solutions and obtains better throughput-per-power ratios compared to synchronous and mesochronous solutions.
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| 6. |
- Chabloz, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
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An Algorithm for Constructing a Fastest Galois NLFSR Generating a Given Sequence
- 2010
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Ingår i: SEQUENCES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS-SETA 2010. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642158735 ; , s. 41-54
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of efficient implementation of security mechanisms for advanced contactless technologies like RFID is gaining increasing attention. Severe constraints on resources such as area, power consumption, and production cost make the application of traditional cryptographic techniques to these technologies a challenging task. Non-Linear Feedback Shift Register (NLFSR)-based stream ciphers are promising candidates for cryptographic primitives for RFIDs because they have the smallest hardware footprint of all existing cryptographic systems. This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for constructing a fastest Galois NLFSR generating a given sequence. The algorithm takes an NLFSR in the Fibonacci configuration and transforms it to an equivalent Galois NLFSR which has the minimal delay. Our key idea is to find a best position for a given feedback connection without changing the positions of the other feedback connections. We use a technology dependent cost function which approximates the delay of an NLFSR after the technology mapping. The experimental results on 57 NLFSRs used in existing stream ciphers show that, on average, the presented algorithm allows us to decrease the delay by 25.5% as well as to reduce the area by 4.1%.
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| 7. |
- Chabloz, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed DVFS using rationally-related frequencies and discrete voltage levels
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE. - 9781450301466 ; , s. 247-252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have defined a flexible latency-insensitive design style called Globally Ratiochronous Locally Synchronous (GRLS), based on quantized voltage levels and rationally-related clock frequencies. In this paper we present the infrastructure necessary to enable Distributed DVFS in such a system and analyze its overheads, quantitatively showing how, with minimal overheads, we obtain energy benefits that are close to those of a totally ideal GALS approach. The benefits that we show, coupled with the complexity and performance benefits of GRLS, which we briefly analyze, show how this approach is a strong competitor to GALS.
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| 8. |
- Chabloz, Jean-Michel, 1982-
(författare)
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Globally-Ratiochronous, Locally-Synchronous Systems
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well recognized in the literature that the fully-synchronous design style, once the best choice due especially to the simplicity of its design flow, is not suitable for present-days systems, which contain many more gates compared to their predecessors, and has to be superseded to meet the new needs of the industry. The alternative solution that has enjoyed more success in industry and the literature consists in breaking down a system into several fully-synchronous modules clocked with independent clocks. Such systems go under the name of Globally-non-Synchronous (GnS) and make no assumption on the phase alignment between the clocks in the individual modules. GnS design styles do not require a globally balanced clock tree and employ special synchronizers to achieve latency-insensitivity. The individual modules, whose sizes are relatively small, remain fully-synchronous, thus easy to design andmaintain. Two main classes of GnS systems have been proposed: the GALS (for Globally-Asynchronous, Locally-Synchronous) design style allows each module to be clocked at its own independent clock frequency; the mesochronous design style constrains all modules to run at the same frequency. GALS systems support per-module Dynamic Voltage-Frequency Scaling (DVFS), but GALS interfaces are complex and introduce high performance penalties; mesochronous systems do not support per-module DVFS but support simpler and faster interfaces. It is well recognized that neither of the two design styles can fully satisfy all the contrasting needs of the electronic industry, and often hybrid solutions are deployed as a trade-off. We propose Globally-Ratiochronous, Locally-Synchronous (GRLS) systems, where GRLS is a design style intermediate between the mesochronous and the GALS design paradigms: local frequencies in a GRLS system do not need to be identical, but are required to be rationally-related (such as one being 3/4 or 2/5 of the other). The periodic properties of rationally-related systems allow the deployment of interfaces that do not use any form of handshake and, thanks to this, are much more performant than GALS interfaces; on the other hand, GRLS supports quantized per-module DVFS. In this work we deploy and analyse all the components of the GRLS design style: the frequency regulation system, the voltage regulation system, and the GRLS latency-insensitive interfaces. We perform a theoretical analysis of DVFS efficiency in different GRLS systems, and then study a GRLS NoC-based platform. We also develop a complete GRLS power management system for a GRLS Network-on-Chip (NoC)-based platform. Experimental results show that GRLS performances are close to those of mesochronous systems and GRLS flexibility is close to that of GALS systems, which results in high figures of merit for GRLS systems. As an example, the GRLS NoC-based platform we study in this work has at least ≈ 21% lower latency-power product compared to alternative mesochronous-GALS hybrid platforms, and respectively ≈ 32% and ≈ 48% better latency-power product compared to mesochronous and GALS platforms.
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| 9. |
- Chabloz, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Low-latency and low-overhead mesochronous and plesiochronous synchronizers
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present efficient Mesochronous and Plesiochronous interfaces targeting low-latency and low-overhead links. Our source-synchronous scheme can easily be integrated in traditional design flows, supports maximal throughput, has low latency and has an overhead of only three flipflops per data line. With one additional flipflop per data line, the Plesiochronous interface allows the synchronizer to cope with clock drifts. The simple synchronization scheme is validated through formal analysis and simulation.
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| 10. |
- Chabloz, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Latency Maximal-Throughput Communication Interfaces for Rationally Related Clock Domains
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (vlsi) Systems. - 1063-8210 .- 1557-9999. ; 22:3, s. 641-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we introduce a source-synchronous adaptive interface for the globally ratiochronous, locally synchronous design style, a subset of the globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) design style in which the frequencies of all clocks are not phase-aligned but are constrained to be rationally related, i.e., they are all submultiple of the same physical or virtual frequency. The interface can be designed using only standard cells and guarantees maximal throughput in addition to an average latency four times lower compared with state-of-the-art asynchronous first-input, first-output GALS interfaces. Several properties of the interface are formally stated and proved. We also demonstrate that the interface has a low area overhead, with only four flip-flops per data line, and is robust against nonidealities such as clock jitters and propagation delay misalignments. For a realistic link in 90-nm application-specific integrated circuit technology, we derive a 1-GHz upper bound for the least common multiple among the frequencies.
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