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Sökning: WFRF:(Charlton Sophy)

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1.
  • Fiddaman, Steven R., et al. (författare)
  • Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek's disease virus
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - 1095-9203. ; 382:6676, s. 1276-1281
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate that it has been circulating for at least 1000 years. We functionally tested the Meq oncogene, one of 49 viral genes positively selected in modern strains, demonstrating that ancient MDV was likely incapable of driving tumor formation. Our results demonstrate the power of ancient DNA approaches to trace the molecular basis of virulence in economically relevant pathogens.
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2.
  • Lin, Audrey T., et al. (författare)
  • The history of Coast Salish "woolly dogs" revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous Knowledge
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 382:6676, s. 1303-1308
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ancestral Coast Salish societies in the Pacific Northwest kept long-haired woolly dogs that were bred and cared for over millennia. However, the dog wool-weaving tradition declined during the 19th century, and the population was lost. In this study, we analyzed genomic and isotopic data from a preserved woolly dog pelt from "Mutton", collected in 1859. Mutton is the only known example of an Indigenous North American dog with dominant precolonial ancestry postdating the onset of settler colonialism. We identified candidate genetic variants potentially linked with their distinct woolly phenotype. We integrated these data with interviews from Coast Salish Elders, Knowledge Keepers, and weavers about shared traditional knowledge and memories surrounding woolly dogs, their importance within Coast Salish societies, and how colonial policies led directly to their disappearance.
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