| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Fuqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Radiative cooling of cationic carbon clusters, CN+, N=8,10,13-16
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 21, s. 1587-1596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The radiative cooling of highly excited carbon cluster cations of sizes N = 8, 10, 13–16 has been studied in an electrostatic storage ring. The cooling rate constants vary with cluster size from a maximum at N = 8 of 2.6 × 104 s−1 and a minimum at N = 13 of 4.4 × 103 s−1. The high rates indicate that photon emission takes place from electronically excited ions, providing a strong stabilizing cooling of the molecules.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Fuqiang, et al.
(författare)
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减压阀噪声研究进展
- 2019
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Ingår i: Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering. - 1674-8530. ; 37:1, s. 49-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to comprehensively understand the specific noise generation process inside pressure reducing valves (PRV) and its existing research outcomes, the generation of noise in PRV with its research methods in China and abroad was summarized. Then, the current research status of noise reduction technologies was reviewed from two aspects: source and propagation. Based on analysis and summarization, the major existing problems in current noise reduction technologies were discussed, including complex flow situation in PRV, ambiguity of vortex location and uncertain of interaction between high-velocity jet flows and so on. In the future investigation of noise reduction in PRV, it is advised that the position of noise source in valve should be determined firstly through combination of theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical analysis. Then, the directivity of noise in the valve can be clarified. Thereby, a further study of noise reduction mechanism and technology can be launched. Finally, noise in PRV can be reduced to the utmost extent. In the future, control of noise inside PRV should start with flow mechanism and structural innovation, and then a universal valve design theory with low noise will be put forward. Investigation into noise characteristics in pressure reducing valve can provide a reliable basis for reducing noise effectively.
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| 5. |
- Jiang, Ruijie, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial increase in future fluvial flood risk projected in China’s major urban agglomerations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Earth and Environment. - 2662-4435. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban land will face high fluvial flood risk against the background of climate change and urban expansion. The effect of urban spatial expansion, instead of densification of assets within existing urban cells, on flood risk has rarely been reported. Here, we project the future flood risk of seven urban agglomerations in China, home to over 750 million people. The inundated urban land areas in the future are projected to be 4 to 19 times that at present. Without considering the urban spatial expansion, the inundated urban land areas will be underestimated by 10-50%. Urban land is more likely to be inundated than non-urban land, and the newly-developed urban land will be inundated more easily than the historical urban land. The results demonstrate the urgency of integrating climate change mitigation, reasonable urban land expansion, and increased flood protection levels to minimize the flood risk in urban land.
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