| 1. |
- Bergamaschi, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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European Obspack compilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide data from ICOS and non-ICOS European stations for the period 1972-2023; : obspack_co2_466_GLOBALVIEWplus_v8.0_2023-04-26
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This data package contains high accuracy CO2 dry air mole fractions from 58 ICOS and non-ICOS European observatories at in total 132 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package is part of the Globalviewplus v8.0 data product, released in 2022 and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. This is the sixth release of the GLOBALVIEWplus (GV+) cooperative data product. Please review the release notes for this product at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/release_notes.html. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160/CEC4-CAGK. Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information.
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| 2. |
- Bergamaschi, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution inverse modelling of European CH4emissions using the novel FLEXPART-COSMO TM5 4DVAR inverse modelling system
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 22:20, s. 13243-13268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel high-resolution inverse modelling system ("FLEXVAR") based on FLEXPARTCOSMO back trajectories driven by COSMO meteorological fields at 7 km×7 km resolution over the European COSMO-7 domain and the four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation technique. FLEXVAR is coupled offline with the global inverse modelling system TM5-4DVAR to provide background mole fractions ("baselines") consistent with the global observations assimilated in TM5-4DVAR. We have applied the FLEXVAR system for the inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions in 2018 using 24 stations with in situ measurements, complemented with data from five stations with discrete air sampling (and additional stations outside the European COSMO-7 domain used for the global TM5-4DVAR inversions). The sensitivity of the FLEXVAR inversions to different approaches to calculate the baselines, different parameterizations of the model representation error, different settings of the prior error covariance parameters, different prior inventories, and different observation data sets are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the FLEXVAR inversions are compared to inversions with the FLEXPART extended Kalman filter ("FLExKF") system and with TM5-4DVAR inversions at 1° × 1° resolution over Europe. The three inverse modelling systems show overall good consistency of the major spatial patterns of the derived inversion increments and in general only relatively small differences in the derived annual total emissions of larger country regions. At the same time, the FLEXVAR inversions at 7 km × 7 km resolution allow the observations to be better reproduced than the TM5-4DVAR simulations at 1° × 1°. The three inverse models derive higher annual total CH4 emissions in 2018 for Germany, France, and BENELUX compared to the sum of anthropogenic emissions reported to UNFCCC and natural emissions estimated from the Global Carbon Project CH4 inventory, but the uncertainty ranges of top-down and bottom-up total emission estimates overlap for all three country regions. In contrast, the top-down estimates for the sum of emissions from the UK and Ireland agree relatively well with the total of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories.
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| 3. |
- Bergamaschi, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions during 2006–2012 using different inverse models and reassessed atmospheric observations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7324. ; 18:2, s. 901-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present inverse modelling (top down) estimates of European methane (CH4) emissions for 2006–2012 based on a new quality-controlled and harmonised in situ data set from 18 European atmospheric monitoring stations. We applied an ensemble of seven inverse models and performed four inversion experiments, investigating the impact of different sets of stations and the use of a priori information on emissions. The inverse models infer total CH4 emissions of 26.8 (20.2–29.7) Tg CH4 yr−1 (mean, 10th and 90th percentiles from all inversions) for the EU-28 for 2006–2012 from the four inversion experiments. For comparison, total anthropogenic CH4 emissions reported to UNFCCC (bottom up, based on statistical data and emissions factors) amount to only 21.3 Tg CH4 yr−1 (2006) to 18.8 Tg CH4 yr−1 (2012). A potential explanation for the higher range of top-down estimates compared to bottom-up inventories could be the contribution from natural sources, such as peatlands, wetlands, and wet soils. Based on seven different wetland inventories from the Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP), total wetland emissions of 4.3 (2.3–8.2) Tg CH4 yr−1 from the EU-28 are estimated. The hypothesis of significant natural emissions is supported by the finding that several inverse models yield significant seasonal cycles of derived CH4 emissions with maxima in summer, while anthropogenic CH4 emissions are assumed to have much lower seasonal variability. Taking into account the wetland emissions from the WETCHIMP ensemble, the top-down estimates are broadly consistent with the sum of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories. However, the contribution of natural sources and their regional distribution remain rather uncertain. Furthermore, we investigate potential biases in the inverse models by comparison with regular aircraft profiles at four European sites and with vertical profiles obtained during the Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle (IMECC) aircraft campaign. We present a novel approach to estimate the biases in the derived emissions, based on the comparison of simulated and measured enhancements of CH4 compared to the background, integrated over the entire boundary layer and over the lower troposphere. The estimated average regional biases range between −40 and 20 % at the aircraft profile sites in France, Hungary and Poland.
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| 4. |
- Cao, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction With Social Robots : Improving Gaze Toward Face but Not Necessarily Joint Attention in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely recognized that robot-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) hold promise, but the question remains as to whether social humanoid robots could facilitate joint attention performance in children with ASD. In this study, responsive joint attention was measured under two conditions in which different agents, a human and a robot, initiated joint attention via video. The participants were 15 children with ASD (mean age: 4.96 +/- 1.10 years) and 15 typically developing (TD) children (mean age: 4.53 +/- 0.90 years). In addition to analyses of fixation time and gaze transitions, a longest common subsequence approach (LCS) was employed to compare participants' eye movements to a predefined logical reference sequence. The fixation of TD toward agent's face was earlier and longer than children with ASD. Moreover, TD showed a greater number of gaze transitions between agent's face and target, and higher LCS scores than children with ASD. Both groups showed more interests in the robot's face, but the robot induced a lower proportion of fixation time on the target. Meanwhile participants showed similar gaze transitions and LCS results in both conditions, suggesting that they could follow the logic of the joint attention task induced by the robot as well as human. We have discussed the implications for the effects and applications of social humanoid robots in joint attention interventions.
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| 5. |
- Cheng, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Home environment exposure and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms among adults in southern China : Health associations in 2010 and 2019
- 2024
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied time trends in home environment and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in a repeat study in five cities in southern China. Moreover, we studied associations between home environment exposure and SBS symptoms. Parents from randomly selected day care centers were invited. One parent per family answered a questionnaire on the home environment and their own SBS symptoms. Data collection was performed in two surveys in 2010 and 2019 (27,292 participants in 2010 and 32,073 in 2019). We used two-level logistic regression to analyze health associations. Asthma decreased from 1.7% to 1.5% (P < 0.05) but allergic rhinitis increased from 6.5% to 16.4% (P < 0.001). All SBS symptoms decreased from 2010 to 2019 (all P < 0.001). Most aspects of the home environment improved from 2010 to 2019 but there were less cleaning, more cats, dogs, and urbanization in 2019. Redecoration, new furniture, and pests were associated with most types of SBS symptoms, similarly in 2010 and 2019. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was associated with SBS symptoms in 2019 only. In conclusion, prevalence of SBS symptoms among young parents in southern China decreased from 2010 to 2019 but allergic rhinitis increased. Cockroaches, rats, mice, mosquitoes or flies can be consistent biological risk factors for SBS symptoms. Redecoration, buying new furniture and traffic air pollution are other risk factors for SBS symptoms. Daily cleaning, frequently putting bedding to sunshine, and having a fan in the bathroom can be protective factors. ETS is an emerging risk factor for SBS symptoms.
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| 6. |
- Heiskanen, Jouni, et al.
(författare)
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The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007. ; 103:3, s. 855-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1750, land-use change and fossil fuel combustion has led to a 46% increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, causing global warming with substantial societal consequences. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature increases to well below 2C above preindustrial levels. Increasing levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), in the atmosphere are the primary cause of climate change. Approximately half of the carbon emissions to the atmosphere are sequestered by ocean and land sinks, leading to ocean acidification but also slowing the rate of global warming. However, there are significant uncertainties in the future global warming scenarios due to uncertainties in the size, nature, and stability of these sinks. Quantifying and monitoring the size and timing of natural sinks and the impact of climate change on ecosystems are important information to guide policy-makers' decisions and strategies on reductions in emissions. Continuous, long-term observations are required to quantify GHG emissions, sinks, and their impacts on Earth systems. The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) was designed as the European in situ observation and information system to support science and society in their efforts to mitigate climate change. It provides standardized and open data currently from over 140 measurement stations across 12 European countries. The stations observe GHG concentrations in the atmosphere and carbon and GHG fluxes between the atmosphere, land surface, and the oceans. This article describes how ICOS fulfills its mission to harmonize these observations, ensure the related long-term financial commitments, provide easy access to well-documented and reproducible high-quality data and related protocols and tools for scientific studies, and deliver information and GHG-related products to stakeholders in society and policy.
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| 7. |
- Jiang, Zongze, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of tomato, tomato products, and lycopene: evidence from a prospective study of 101,680 US adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2234-943X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Previous epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of dietary tomato, tomato products, and lycopene on the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), possibly due to variations in sample sizes and study designs.Methods The current study used multivariable Cox regression, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline functions to investigate correlations between CRC incidence and mortality and raw tomato, tomato salsa, tomato juice, tomato catsup, and lycopene intake, as well as effect modifiers and nonlinear dose-response relationships in 101,680 US adults from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.Results During follow-up 1100 CRC cases and 443 CRC-specific deaths occurred. After adjustment for confounding variables, high consumption of tomato salsa was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CRC incidence (hazard ratio comparing the highest category with the lowest category 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.65-0.99, p for trend = 0.039), but not with a reduced risk of CRC mortality. Raw tomatoes, tomato juice, tomato catsup, and lycopene consumption were not significantly associated with CRC incidence or CRC mortality. No potential effect modifiers or nonlinear associations were detected, indicating the robustness of the results.Conclusion In the general US population a higher intake of tomato salsa is associated with a lower CRC incidence, suggesting that tomato salsa consumption has beneficial effects in terms of cancer prevention, but caution is warranted when interpreting these findings. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate its potential effects in other populations.
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| 8. |
- Jiang, Zongze, et al.
(författare)
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Garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk in US adults: a large prospective cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-861X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo clarify the inconsistent findings of epidemiological studies on the association between dietary garlic consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, by prospectively assessing the association in a large US population.MethodsData of 58,508 participants (aged 55-74) from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial were analyzed. Dietary data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Multivariable Cox regression analysis determined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline regression was used to investigate the non-linear relationship, and subgroup analysis was conducted to examine potential effect modifiers.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.05 years, 782 CRC cases were documented, including 456 proximal colon cancer cases, 322 distal CRC cases, and 4 CRC cases with an unknown site. Moderate dietary garlic consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall CRC (HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.91, p = 0.007, P for trend: 0.434), exhibiting a U-shaped dose-response pattern, and also with overall CRC in males in the stratified Cox regression model (Model 2: HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.81, p = 0.002), but not in females. The protective association was more pronounced in men, Caucasian, and those with lower alcohol consumption. Notably, these protective effects were observed for overall distal CRC (HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.93, p = 0.021; and HRquintile 4vs. 1: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.92, p = 0.018, P for trend: 0.208); and for distal CRC in males (HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.71, p = 0.002, P for trend: 0.696), but not for proximal CRC.ConclusionModerate consumption of dietary garlic is associated with a decreased CRC risk in the US population, with variations based on CRC anatomic subsites. Further in-depth prospective studies are needed to validate these findings in different populations and to explore subsites-specific associations.
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| 9. |
- Ma, Jianhui, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Nuclear PTEN Tyrosine Phosphorylation Enhances Glioma Radiation Sensitivity through Attenuated DNA Repair
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1535-6108 .- 1878-3686. ; 35:3, s. 504-518.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy are standard-of-care treatments for glioblastoma (GBM) patients and both result in DNA damage, however, the clinical efficacy is limited due to therapeutic resistance. We identified a mechanism of such resistance mediated by phosphorylation of PTEN on tyrosine 240 (pY240-PTEN) by FGFR2. pY240-PTEN is rapidly elevated and bound to chromatin through interaction with Ki-67 in response to IR treatment and facilitates the recruitment of RAD51 to promote DNA repair. Blocking Y240 phosphorylation confers radiation sensitivity to tumors and extends survival in GBM preclinical models. Y240F-Pten knockin mice showed radiation sensitivity. These results suggest that FGFR-mediated pY240-PTEN is a key mechanism of radiation resistance and is an actionable target for improving radiotherapy efficacy.
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| 10. |
- Menoud, Malika, et al.
(författare)
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New contributions of measurements in Europe to the global inventory of the stable isotopic composition of methane
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 14:9, s. 4365-4386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent climate change mitigation strategies rely on the reduction of methane (CH4) emissions. Carbon and hydrogen isotope ratio (δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4) measurements can be used to distinguish sources and thus to understand the CH4 budget better. The CH4 emission estimates by models are sensitive to the isotopic signatures assigned to each source category, so it is important to provide representative estimates of the different CH4 source isotopic signatures worldwide. We present new measurements of isotope signatures of various, mainly anthropogenic, CH4 sources in Europe, which represent a substantial contribution to the global dataset of source isotopic measurements from the literature, especially for δ2HCH4. They improve the definition of δ13CCH4 from waste sources, and demonstrate the use of δ2HCH4 for fossil fuel source attribution. We combined our new measurements with the last published database of CH4 isotopic signatures and with additional literature, and present a new global database. We found that microbial sources are generally well characterised. The large variability in fossil fuel isotopic compositions requires particular care in the choice of weighting criteria for the calculation of a representative global value. The global dataset could be further improved by measurements from African, South American, and Asian countries, and more measurements from pyrogenic sources. We improved the source characterisation of CH4 emissions using stable isotopes and associated uncertainty, to be used in top-down studies. We emphasise that an appropriate use of the database requires the analysis of specific parameters in relation to source type and the region of interest. The final version of the European CH4 isotope database coupled with a global inventory of fossil and non-fossil δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4 source signature measurements is available at 10.24416/UU01-YP43IN .
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