| 1. |
- Ruggeri, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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The globalizability of temporal discounting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 6:10, s. 1386-1397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns. Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.
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| 2. |
- Zheng, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Precursors and Pathways Leading to Enhanced Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze Episodes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 55:23, s. 15680-15693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular analyses help to investigate the key precursors and chemical processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We obtained the sources and molecular compositions of organic aerosol in PM2.5 in winter in Beijing by online and offline mass spectrometer measurements. Photochemical and aqueous processing were both involved in producing SOA during the haze events. Aromatics, isoprene, long-chain alkanes or alkenes, and carbonyls such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal were all important precursors. The enhanced SOA formation during the severe haze event was predominantly contributed by aqueous processing that was promoted by elevated amounts of aerosol water for which multifunctional organic nitrates contributed the most followed by organic compounds having four oxygen atoms in their formulae. The latter included dicarboxylic acids and various oxidation products from isoprene and aromatics as well as products or oligomers from methylglyoxal aqueous uptake. Nitrated phenols, organosulfates, and methanesulfonic acid were also important SOA products but their contributions to the elevated SOA mass during the severe haze event were minor. Our results highlight the importance of reducing nitrogen oxides and nitrate for future SOA control. Additionally, the formation of highly oxygenated long-chain molecules with a low degree of unsaturation in polluted urban environments requires further research.
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| 3. |
- Kerrebrouck, Joris Van, et al.
(författare)
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726.7-Gb/s 1.5-μm single-mode VCSEL discrete multi-tone transmission over 2.5-km multicore fiber
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition, OFC 2018 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781943580385 ; , s. 1-3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 107Gb/s net-rate DMT optical signal was generated using a single-mode long-wavelength VCSEL with a modulation bandwidth of 23 GHz. We experimentally demonstrated a total net-rate up to 726.7Gb/s at 1.5μm over 2.5km 7-core dispersion-uncompensated MCF.
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| 4. |
- Meredith, Sean J., et al.
(författare)
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Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Panther Symposium ACL Injury Return to Sport Consensus Group
- 2020
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Ingår i: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 2325-9671. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A precise and consistent definition of return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is lacking, and there is controversy surrounding the process of returning patients to sport and their previous activity level. Purpose: The aim of the Panther Symposium ACL Injury Return to Sport Consensus Group was to provide a clear definition of RTS after ACL injury and a description of the RTS continuum as well as provide clinical guidance on RTS testing and decision-making. Study Design: Consensus statement. Methods: An international, multidisciplinary group of ACL experts convened as part of a consensus meeting. Consensus statements were developed using a modified Delphi method. Literature review was performed to report the supporting evidence. Results: Key points include that RTS is characterized by achievement of the preinjury level of sport and involves a criteria-based progression from return to participation to RTS and, ultimately, return to performance. Purely time-based RTS decision-making should be abandoned. Progression occurs along an RTS continuum, with decision-making by a multidisciplinary group that incorporates objective physical examination data and validated and peer-reviewed RTS tests, which should involve functional assessment as well as psychological readiness. Consideration should be given to biological healing, contextual factors, and concomitant injuries. Conclusion: The resultant consensus statements and scientific rationale aim to inform the reader of the complex process of RTS after ACL injury that occurs along a dynamic continuum. Research is needed to determine the ideal RTS test battery, the best implementation of psychological readiness testing, and methods for the biological assessment of healing and recovery.
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| 5. |
- Qin, Shiyi, et al.
(författare)
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Resource recovery and biorefinery potential of apple orchard waste in the circular bioeconomy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review investigate the apple orchard waste (AOW) is potential organic resources to produce multi-product and there sustainable interventions with biorefineries approaches to assesses the apple farm industrial bioeconomy. The thermochemical and biological processes like anaerobic digestion, composting and , etc., that generate distinctive products like bio-chemicals, biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed and biomaterial, etc can be employed for AOW valorization. Integrating these processes can enhanced the yield and resource recovery sustainably. Thus, employing biorefinery approaches with allied different methods can link to the progression of circular bioeconomy. This review article mainly focused on the different biological processes and thermochemical that can be occupied for the production of waste to-energy and multi-bio-product in a series of reaction based on sustainability. Therefore, the biorefinery for AOW move towards identification of the serious of the reaction with each individual thermochemical and biological processes for the conversion of one-dimensional providences to circular bioeconomy.
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| 6. |
- Xia, Zhenhua, et al.
(författare)
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High-order moments of streamwise fluctuations in a turbulent channel flow with spanwise rotation
- 2018
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-990X. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that the spanwise rotation in turbulent channel flow alters the mean velocity distribution to a linear law. In the present work, we have studied the higher-order moments of the streamwise fluctuations in a turbulent channel flow with spanwise rotation. Our results show that in a significant part of the channel the 2p-order moments, raised by the power 1/p with p = 1,2, ... ,6, also follow linear behavior according to <(u'(+))(2p)>(1/p) = a(p) (y/h) + b(p). Here, u'(+) is the streamwise velocity fluctuation normalized by the global friction velocity, h is the channel half width, and b(p) and a(p) are the intercept and the slope, respectively, which vary with Reynolds and rotation numbers. The linear regions can be extended by introducing a self-similar scaling, that is, 2p-order moments as a function of 2q-order moments. The slopes in the self-similar scaling a(p)/a(1) do not reveal sub-Gaussian behavior as in nonrotating wall-bounded flows, but rather Gaussian or super-Gaussian behaviors.
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| 7. |
- Xiong, Xiangming, et al.
(författare)
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Turbulent bands in plane-Poiseuille flow at moderate Reynolds numbers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 27:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this letter, we show via numerical simulations that the typical flow structures appearing in transitional channel flows at moderate Reynolds numbers are not spots but isolated turbulent bands, which have much longer lifetimes than the spots. Localized perturbations can evolve into isolated turbulent bands by continuously growing obliquely when the Reynolds number is larger than 660. However, interactions with other bands and local perturbations cause band breaking and decay. The competition between the band extension and breaking does not lead to a sustained turbulence until Re becomes larger than about 1000. Above this critical value, the bands split, providing an effective mechanism for turbulence spreading.
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| 8. |
- Yang, Shiyi, et al.
(författare)
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Geodesic Half-Maxwell Fish-Eye-Lens Antenna
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 71:3, s. 2330-2338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose and implement a geodesic half-Maxwell fish-eye (MFE)-lens antenna. The lens was optimized using an in-house physical optics (PO) code adapted for generalized geodesic lenses. The final antenna design was validated with commercial electromagnetic simulation software. The antenna combines a modulated geodesic half-MFE lens and a transition to a linear flare, which is needed to preserve the linear polarization in the aperture. The antenna prototype, designed to operate in the K-a-band, was manufactured with computer numerical control (CNC) milling and measured in an anechoic chamber. The design provides continuous beam scanning because of a mechanically actuated feed. Promising beam scanning properties are demonstrated in an angular range of +/- 45 degrees with a scan loss below 3 dB, as well as good frequency stability from 26 to 32 GHz. Since the antenna is fully metallic, its radiation efficiency is high (approximately 90%).
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| 9. |
- Yang, Shiyi, et al.
(författare)
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K-a-band implementation of a geodesic half Maxwell fisheye lens antenna
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (ISAP). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 565-566
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a half Maxwell fisheye geodesic lens is proposed. This lens is used to produce a beam-scanning antenna operating at Ka-band, suitable for 5G/6G and satellite communications. The proposed antenna has a wide beam coverage of 90 degrees from -45 degrees to 45 degrees with scan loss below 3 dB, and a maximum gain of 24.3 dBi at 30 GHz. The size of this lens antenna is almost half that of a conventional Luneburg-Rinehart lens antenna.
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