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| 2. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 4. |
- Chen, Shula, et al.
(författare)
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Dilute Nitride Nanowire Lasers Based on a GaAs/GaNAs Core/Shell Structure
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 17:3, s. 1775-1781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanowire (NW) lasers operating in the near infrared spectral range are of significant technological importance for applications in telecommunications, sensing, and medical diagnostics. So far, lasing within this spectral range has been achieved using GaAs/AlGaAs, GaAs/GaAsP, and InGaAs/GaAs core/shell NWs. Another promising III-V material, not yet explored in its lasing capacity, is the dilute nitride GaNAs. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, optically pumped lasing from the GaNAs shell of a single GaAs/GaNAs core/shell NW. The characteristic "S"-shaped pump power dependence of the lasing intensity, with the concomitant line width narrowing, is observed, which yields a threshold gain, g(th), of 3300 cm(-1) and a spontaneous emission coupling factor beta, of 0.045. The dominant lasing peak is identified to arise from the HE21b, cavity mode, as determined from its pronounced emission polarization along the NW axis combined with theoretical calculations of lasing threshold for guided modes inside the nanowire. Even without intentional pas sivation of the NW surface, the lasing emission can be sustained up to 150 K. This is facilitated by the improved surface quality due to nitrogen incorporation, which partly suppresses the surface-related nonradiative recombination centers via nitridation. Our work therefore represents the first step toward development of room-temperature infrared NW lasers based on dilute nitrides with extended tunability in the lasing wavelength.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Shula, et al.
(författare)
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Room-temperature polarized spin-photon interface based on a semiconductor nanodisk-in-nanopillar structure driven by few defects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to their superior optical properties, semiconductor nanopillars/nanowires in one-dimensional (1D) geometry are building blocks for nano-photonics. They also hold potential for efficient polarized spin-light conversion in future spin nano-photonics. Unfortunately, spin generation in 1D systems so far remains inefficient at room temperature. Here we propose an approach that can significantly enhance the radiative efficiency of the electrons with the desired spin while suppressing that with the unwanted spin, which simultaneously ensures strong spin and light polarization. We demonstrate high optical polarization of 20%, inferring high electron spin polarization up to 60% at room temperature in a 1D system based on a GaNAs nanodisk-in-GaAs nanopillar structure, facilitated by spin-dependent recombination via merely 2-3 defects in each nanodisk. Our approach points to a promising direction for realization of an interface for efficient spin-photon quantum information transfer at room temperature-a key element for future spin-photonic applications.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Compact spin-valley-locked perovskite emission
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circularly polarized light sources with free-space directional emission play a key role in chiroptics(1), spintronics(2), valleytronics(3) and asymmetric photocatalysis(4). However, conventional approaches fail to simultaneously realize pure circular polarization, high directionality and large emission angles in a compact emitter. Metal-halide perovskite semiconductors are promising light emitters(5-8), but the absence of an intrinsic spin-locking mechanism results in poor emission chirality. Further, device integration has undermined the efficiency and directionality of perovskite chiral emitters. Here we realize compact spin-valley-locked perovskite emitting metasurfaces where spin-dependent geometric phases are imparted into bound states in the continuum via Brillouin zone folding, and thus, photons with different spins are selectively addressed to opposite valleys. Employing this approach, chiral purity of 0.91 and emission angle of 41.0 degrees are simultaneously achieved, with a beam divergence angle of 1.6 degrees. With this approach, we envisage the realization of chiral light- emitting diodes, as well as the on-chip generation of entangled photon pairs.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Band structure of wurtzite GaBiAs nanowires
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 19, s. 6454-6460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first successful growth of wurtzite (WZ) GaBiAs nanowires (NWs) and reveal the effects of Bi incorporation on the electronic band structure by using polarization-resolved optical spectroscopies performed on individual NWs. Experimental evidence of a decrease in the band-gap energy and an upward shift of the topmost three valence subbands upon the incorporation of Bi atoms is provided, whereas the symmetry and ordering of the valence band states remain unchanged, that is, Γ9, Γ7, and Γ7 within the current range of Bi compositions. The extraordinary valence band structure of WZ GaBiAs NWs is explained by anisotropic hybridization and anticrossing between p-like Bi states and the extended valence band states of host WZ GaAs. Moreover, the incorporation of Bi into GaAs is found to significantly reduce the temperature sensitivity of the band-gap energy in WZ GaBiAs NWs. Our work therefore demonstrates that utilizing dilute bismide alloys provides new avenues for band-gap engineering and thus photonic engineering with NWs.
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| 8. |
- Cars, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Building bridges to operationalise one health : A Sino-Swedish collaboration to tackle antibiotic resistance
- 2016
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Ingår i: One Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7714. ; 2, s. 139-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is a complex global health challenge. The recent Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance highlights the importance of adopting One Health approaches that can cross traditional disciplinary boundaries. We report on the early experiences of a multisectoral Sino-Swedish research project that aims to address gaps in our current knowledge and seeks to improve the situation through system-wide interventions. Our research project is investigating antibiotic use and resistance in a rural area of China through a combination of epidemiological, health systems and laboratory investigations. We reflect here on the challenges inherent in conducting long distance cross-disciplinary collaborations, having now completed data and sample collection for a baseline situation analysis. In particular, we recognise the importance of investing in aspects such as effective communication, shared conceptual frameworks and leadership. We suggest that our experiences will be instructive to others planning to develop similar international One Health collaborations.
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| 9. |
- Chan, Wing Sze, et al.
(författare)
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Metal accumulations in aquatic organisms and health risks in an acid mine-affected site in South China
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Nature. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 43:11, s. 4415-4440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal contamination from base metal sulphide mines is a major environmental challenge that poses many ecological and health risks. We examined the metal concentrations in the Dabaoshan mine in South China in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms and their specific characteristics (i.e. size, body tissue, species, and habitat) along the Hengshi and Wengjiang River courses to assess acid mine drainage remediation efforts. Metal concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, thallium, and zinc were examined in tissues (i.e. gills, intestines, and muscles) of 17 freshwater species of fish, shrimps, and crabs. Metals in tissues followed the trend: intestines > gills > muscles; nearly all intestine samples exceeded the safe limits of metals analysed in this study. There is a positive correlation between distance from the mine and metal concentrations related to the flow of surface water and the habitat of aquatic organisms. The concentrations of arsenic, copper, and zinc were the highest in aquatic organisms, and the distribution was influenced by physical (distance from mine, currents, and seasonality), chemical (pH and competing ions), and biological (species, habitat, and predator-prey relation) factors. Large demersal fish and benthic fauna had higher concentrations of metals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metals, as well as the high metal pollution index and target hazard quotient (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc), occurred in bottom feeders (C. aumtus, X. argentea) and fish belonging to higher trophic levels (P. fulvidraco, O. mossambicus). Lead and cadmium indicated the highest level of biomagnification from prey to predator. Health risks exist from the dietary intake of common aquatic species such as tilapia and carp besides crustaceans due to high arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium levels. Further reduction of metals is necessary to improve the effects of acid mine drainage in the catchment.
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| 10. |
- Chen, Yuqing, et al.
(författare)
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A review of lithium-ion battery safety concerns : the issues, strategies, and testing standards
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 2095-4956 .- 2096-885X. ; 59, s. 83-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient and reliable energy storage systems are crucial for our modern society. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent performance are widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), but frequent fires and explosions limit their further and more widespread applications. This review summarizes aspects of LIB safety and discusses the related issues, strategies, and testing standards. Specifically, it begins with a brief introduction to LIB working principles and cell structures, and then provides an overview of the notorious thermal runaway, with an emphasis on the effects of mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse. The following sections examine strategies for improving cell safety, including approaches through cell chemistry, cooling, and balancing, afterwards describing current safety standards and corresponding tests. The review concludes with insights into potential future developments and the prospects for safer LIBs.
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