| 1. |
- Cardoso, Evelin, et al.
(författare)
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A Heuristic Approach for the Design of UAV-Based Disaster Relief in Optical Metro Networks
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. - 2162-7339. - 9781728184234 ; 2020-July, s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a novel algorithm to dimension the backup elements in an optical metro network, by considering the adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and wireless interfaces to realize backup wireless links. Our key idea is to efficiently find the set of node pairs that have to be connected by means of multi-hop UAV-based wireless links, which are selected based on the simulation of multiple disaster events. Results, obtained over a set of meaningful scenarios, demonstrate that our solution can greatly reduce the total installation costs compared to a naive approach, which is instead solely tailored to the restoration of the disrupted links in a given disaster scenario.
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| 2. |
- Chiaraviglio, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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5G in rural and low-income areas : Are we ready?
- 2016
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 ITU KALEIDOSCOPE ACADEMIC CONFERENCE - ICTS FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD (ITU WT). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 9789261204518 ; , s. 99-106
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current trends in telecommunication networks foresee the adoption of the,fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks in the near fixture. However; a large number of people are living without coverage and connectivity. To face this issue, we consider the possibility of deploying 5G networks in rural and low-income zones. After detailing the current state-of-the-art, we consider the main challenges that need to be faced. Moreover; we define the main pillars to follow in order to deploy 5G networks in such zones, as well as a proposal of a future network architecture.
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| 3. |
- Chiaraviglio, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing 5G into Rural and Low-Income Areas : Is It Feasible?
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Standards Magazine. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2471-2825. ; 1:3, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, at least two billion people are experiencing a complete lack of wireless cellular network coverage. These users live in rural areas and low-income regions, where network operators are not keen to invest, mainly due to high capital expenditure and operational expenditure costs, as well as the scarcity of electricity from the grid. We tackle this challenge by proposing a 5G network explicitly designed to serve rural and low-income areas. Our solution investigates the possibility of mounting remote radio heads on top of unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as large cells (LCs) to increase the coverage range. In addition, 5G nodes are powered by solar panels and batteries. Preliminary results, obtained over three representative case studies located in Italy, Cook Islands, and Zimbabwe, show that providing connectivity in rural and low-income areas by means of the proposed 5G architecture is feasible. At the same time, we also show that the monthly subscription fee paid by the users can be kept sufficiently low, that is, less than €1/month in low-income areas, and around €11/month in rural regions.
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| 4. |
- Chiaraviglio, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Is Green Networking Beneficial in Terms of Device Lifetime?
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 53:5, s. 232-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes the impact that sleep mode (SM)-based green strategies have on the reliability performance of optical and cellular network elements. First, we consider a device in isolation (i. e., not plugged into a network in operation), showing how operational temperature and temperature variations, both introduced by SM, impact its lifetime. We then evaluate, from an operational cost perspective, the impact of these lifetime variations, showing that some devices are critical, that is, their achievable energy savings might not cover the potential additional reparation costs resulting from being put in SM too frequently. Moreover, we present a model for evaluating the impact of SM on the lifetime of a device plugged into an operational network. The analysis considers two case studies (one based on the optical backbone and one on cellular networks) showing that the lifetime of a device is influenced by both the hardware parameters, which depend on the specific design of the device, and the SM parameters, which instead depend on the energy-efficient algorithm used, the network topology, and the traffic variations over time. Our results show that (i) the changes in the operational temperature and the frequency of their variation are two crucial aspects to consider while designing a SM-based green strategy, and (ii) the impact of a certain SM-based strategy on the lifetime of network devices is not homogeneous (i. e., it can vary through the network).
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| 5. |
- Chiaraviglio, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Minimum Cost Design of 5G Networks with UAVs, Tree-based Optical Backhauling, Micro-generation and Batteries
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We target the minimum cost design of a 5G network exploiting Small Cells (SCs) carried by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In our architecture, UAV-SCs can be recharged by a set of ground sites, which provide energy capabilities thanks to the exploitation of micro-generation (i.e., locally produced energy) and batteries. In addition, the ground sites are connected by means of a set of optical fibers forming a tree-based topology. We then define an optimization problem to minimize the total installation costs of the ground sites, the optical network, the batteries, and the sources of micro-generation, while ensuring the coverage of the territory through the UAV-SCs. Results demonstrate that it is possible to notably reduce the total costs compared to a legacy solution, which assumes the installation of fixed Base Stations (BSs) to provide full territory coverage.
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| 6. |
- Chiaraviglio, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Minimum Cost Design of Cellular Networks in Rural Areas with UAVs, Optical Rings, Solar Panels and Batteries
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking. - 2473-2400.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bringing the cellular connectivity in rural zones is a big challenge, due to the large installation costs that are incurred when a legacy cellular network based on fixed Base Stations (BSs) is deployed. To tackle this aspect, we consider an alternative architecture composed of UAV-based BSs to provide cellular coverage, ground sites to connect the UAVs with the rest of the network, Solar Panels (SPs) and batteries to recharge the UAVs and to power the ground sites, and a ring of optical fiber links to connect the installed sites. We then target the minimization of the installation costs for the considered UAV-based cellular architecture, by taking into account the constraints of UAVs coverage, SPs energy consumption, levels of the batteries and the deployment of the optical ring. After providing the problem formulation, we derive an innovative methodology to ensure that a single ring of installed optical fibers is deployed. Moreover, we propose a new algorithm, called DIARIZE, to practically tackle the problem. Our results, obtained over a set of representative rural scenarios, show that DIARIZE performs very close to the optimal solution, and in general outperforms a reference design based on fixed BSs.
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| 7. |
- Chiaraviglio, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Design of 5G Networks in Rural Zones with UAVs, Optical Rings, Solar Panels and Batteries
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 20TH ANNIVERSARY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS (ICTON). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538666050
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We focus on the problem of designing a 5G network architecture to provide coverage in rural areas. The proposed architecture is composed of 5G Base Stations carried by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and supported by ground sites interconnected through optical fiber links. We also consider the dimensioning of each site in terms of the number of Solar Panels (SPs) and batteries. We then formulate the problem of cost minimization of the aforementioned architecture, by considering: i) the cost for installing the sites, ii) the costs for installing the SPs and the batteries in each site, iii) the costs for installing the optical fiber links between the installed sites, and iv) the scheduling of the UAVs to serve the rural areas. Our results, obtained over a representative scenario, reveal that the proposed solution is effective in limiting the total costs, while being able to ensure the coverage over the rural areas.
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| 8. |
- da Silva, Carlos Natalino, et al.
(författare)
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Joint Optimization of Failure Management Costs, Electricity Costs, and Operator Revenue in Optical Core Networks
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking. - : IEEE Press. - 2473-2400 .- 2473-2400. ; PP:99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We focus on the problem of maximizing profitability in an optical core network by acting on the power states of Optical Line Amplifiers (OLAs) and Line Cards (LCs) operating under varying traffic. Specifically, the profitability metric considered in this work takes into account the electricity costs of OLAs and LCs, the failure management costs derived from the application of power states to the network devices, and the operator revenue. After proving that all terms of the considered profitability function are deeply inter-correlated, we formulate the optimization problem of maximizing the network profitability in an optical core network with multi-period traffic. By solving the proposed formulation on a realistic scenario, we show that it is possible to wisely trade between the considered costs and revenue, and achieve higher network profitability than in the case in which the single terms are considered in isolation, e.g., only electricity consumption or only Failure Management Costs (FMC).
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| 9. |
- Idzikowski, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Future internet architectures and sustainability: An overview
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet Protocol (IP) traffic is constantly growing. The annual global IP traffic is estimated to reach 2.3 Zettabyte per year by 2020 according to the recent Cisco forecasts. New Internet infrastructures are required to handle the emerging Big Data. Several pilot initiatives have proposed Future Internet (FI) architectures. We provide an overview of the FI architectures from the perspective of sustainable development.
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| 10. |
- Imran, Muhammad A., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Boundaries of Connected Systems: Communications for Hard-to-Reach Areas and Extreme Conditions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular communication standards have been established to ensure connectivity across most urban environments, complemented by deployment hardware and facilities tailored for city life. At the same time, numerous initiatives seek to broaden connectivity to rural and developing areas. However, with nearly half the global population still offline, there is an urgent need to drive research toward enhancing connectivity in areas and conditions that deviate from the norm. This article delves into innovative communication solutions not only for hard-to-reach and extreme environments but also introduces “hard-to-serve” areas as a crucial, yet underexplored, category within the broader spectrum of connectivity challenges.We explore the latest advancements in communication systems designed for environments subject to extreme temperatures, harsh weather, excessive dust, or even disasters such as fires. Our exploration spans the entire communication stack, covering communications on isolated islands, sparsely populated regions, mountainous terrains, and even underwater and underground settings. We highlight system architectures, hardware, materials, algorithms, and other pivotal technologies that promise to connect these challenging areas. Through case studies, we explore the application of 5G for innovative research, long range (LoRa) for audio messages and emails, LoRa wireless connections, free-space optics, communications in underwater and underground scenarios, delay-tolerant networks, satellite links, and the strategic use of shared spectrum and TV white space (TVWS) to improve mobile connectivity in secluded and remote regions. These studies also touch on prevalent challenges such as power outages, regulatory gaps, technological availability, and human resource constraints, where we introduce the concept of peri-urban hard-to-serve areas where populations might struggle with affordability or lack the skills for traditional connectivity solutions. This article provides an exhaustive summary of our research, showcasing how 6G and future networks will play a crucial role in delivering connectivity to areas that are hard-to-reach, hard-to-serve, or subject to extreme conditions (ECs).
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