| 1. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Acquisition and transmission of selected CTV isolates by Aphis gossypii
- 2014
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY. - : KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY. - 1226-8615. ; 17:3, s. 493-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a severe threat to the citrus industry. Disease symptoms and severity may vary depending on the CTV isolates. These are responsible for the decline of trees grafted on sour orange rootstock, or stem pitting on some citrus commercial cultivars regardless of rootstock. In the Calabria region (Italy), CTV was first reported on cultivars imported from other countries. However, recent observations suggested that natural spread of CTV was occurring and a study was needed to determine the epidemiological status and aphid transmission of CTV in Calabria. The role played by local A. gossypii in the spread of CIV was analyzed in the laboratory using various viral acquisition, inoculation periods with three different CTV isolates. Single aphid vectors acquired CTV after a minimum of 30 min acquisition access period (AAP) and were able to transmit the virus after a 60 min inoculation access period (IAP) to healthy plants. A minimum of four aphid vectors were needed to reach 50% transmission probability. The results suggested that the three tested strains are transmitted by A. gossypii in a semi-persistent mode. The results demonstrated that local A. gossypii population can acquire and transmit efficiently the tested virus isolates with serious implications on the virus spread. (C) 2014 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for the Control of the California Red Scale in Southern Italy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - : INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE. - 0567-7572. ; 1065, s. 1149-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The California red scale (CRS), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), is considered one of the most important pests of citrus in the Mediterranean basin as well as in other citrus growing areas worldwide. In Southern Italy, citrus is the most widely cultivated crop and the control of the CRS relies mainly on the application of synthetic insecticides. During 2009 and 2010, selected insecticides (spirotetramat, chlorpyriphos and pyriproxyfen) were evaluated against this pest in two calabrian citrus orchards (southern Italy) under integrated pest management. Treatments were performed according to the dosage reported on the label of the commercial products. Two treatments, at 15-day interval, were performed. Control plots were sprayed with water only. Efficacy was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first treatment and at the harvest. In both trials, spirotetramat showed the highest levels of efficacy against CRS and other citrus pests (citrus leafminer, and aphids) that were adequately controlled until the harvest.
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| 3. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Fumigant bioactivity of five Citrus essential oils against Tribolium confusum
- 2014
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Ingår i: Phytoparasitica. - : SPRINGER. - 0334-2123 .- 1876-7184. ; 42:2, s. 223-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past decades, the huge use of pesticides caused several environmental problems, so research investigations moved to find a series of compounds with selective toxicity, of a biodegradable and environment-friendly nature, maintaining a positive action in crop and stored products protection. In this perspective, interesting results in the control of pests and fungal pathogens were obtained using essential oils, which are compounds produced by many species of plants as secondary metabolites. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the fumigant activity of five Citrus essential oils against the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Du Val, planning a possible employment in the mill industry. The fumigant effectiveness was evaluated 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the start of exposure and each essential oil was analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. Further evaluations about the toxicity of these compounds were made by partially filling the glass vials with food matrix, in order to assess the possible interference of this matter on the active compounds. The data obtained indicated that, at a low level of fumigant concentration, essential oils can effectively control stored product pests; in the presence of debris, like flour, the efficacy decreased. Plant extracts caused also increased mortality levels after the end of fumigation. The results obtained from this experimentation confirm the efficacy of essential oils in pest control and, in particular, against stored product pests.
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| 4. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Population dynamics and spread of Unaspis yanonensis in Calabria, Italy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Phytoparasitica. - : SPRINGER. - 0334-2123 .- 1876-7184. ; 41:2, s. 151-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occurrence of Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Calabria (southern Italy) poses a serious threat to citrus cultivation. A regional survey was performed to record information about its distribution in local citrus orchards. Field population dynamics were also studied. The arrowhead scale, U. yanonensis, was recorded in the two main citrus cultivation areas of Calabria. In the investigated environments U. yanonensis completed two generations per year; a typical bi-modal oviposition was recorded. The arrowhead scale overwintered as second-instar males and pre-ovipositing females.
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| 5. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Response of four stored products insects to a structural heat treatment in a flour mill
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Stored Products Research. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0022-474X .- 1879-1212. ; 54, s. 54-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat treatment is an ecologically sustainable technique that can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. The objective of this trial was the evaluation of efficacy of a commercial structural heat treatment, performed by means of electric heaters in a flour mill. Maximum temperatures, time above 50 degrees C and to reach 50 degrees C were different for each floor of the treated mill. Susceptibility to elevated temperature of different life stages of Tribolium confusum, Gnatocerus cornutus, Sitophilus oryzae, and Rhyzopertha dominica are reported. The mortality at 12, 24 and 36 h after the beginning of the heat exposure was evaluated. Eggs of T. confusum were the most sensitive stage to heat treatment. For total effectiveness of the treatment, a time between 24 and 36 h was necessary. The use of electric heaters could represent a viable alternative to other methods used for pest control in the milling sector. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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