| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Chikritzhs, Tanya, et al.
(författare)
-
Pregnancy, partners and alcohol warning labels.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Addiction (Abingdon, England). - : Wiley. - 1360-0443 .- 0965-2140. ; 116:8, s. 1949-1951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 4. |
- Coomber, Kerri, et al.
(författare)
-
Short-term changes in nightlife attendance and patron intoxication following alcohol restrictions in Queensland, Australia
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aims to explore short-term changes following the introduction of alcohol restrictions (most notably 2am to 3am last drinks). We examined patterns of nightlife attendance, intoxication, and alcohol use among patrons shortly before and after restrictions were introduced in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane: the largest night-time entertainment precinct of Queensland.Methods: Street-intercept patron interviews were conducted in Fortitude Valley in June (n=497) and July (n=562) 2016. A pre-post design was used to assess changes in time spent out drinking/partying prior to the interview, time of arrival in the precinct, pre-drinking, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC).Results: Regression models indicated that after the policy introduction, the proportion of people arriving at Fortitude Valley before 10:00pm increased (OR=1.38; 95% CI=1.04, 1.82). Participants reported going out, on average, one hour earlier after the intervention (=-0.17; 95% CI=0.11, 0.22). There was a decrease (RRR=0.58; 95% CI=0.43, 0.79) in the proportion of participants who had a high level of intoxication (BAC 0.10g/dL) post-intervention. No other significant differences were found.Conclusions: Earlier cessation of alcohol sales and stopping the sale of rapid intoxication drinks after midnight was associated with people arriving in Fortitude Valley earlier. Though legislative loopholes allowed some venues to continue trading to 5am, the proportion of people in the precinct who were highly intoxicated decreased after the restriction. Further measurement will be required to determine whether the reduction has persisted.
|
|
| 5. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol, pregnancy and infant health– a shared responsibility : Alcohol and Society 2020
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Konsekvenser av exponering för alkohol i samband med graviditet • Exponering för alkohol under graviditeten är den vanligaste orsaken till förebyggbar utvecklingsstörning för barn i Sverige och i hela världen. Den uppskattas påverka 1–5 procent av alla födslar per år. • Den mest välkända konsekvensen av exponering för alkohol under fosterlivet är fetalt alkoholsyndrom (FAS), som omfattar kognitiva störningar, förändrat utseende, försämrad tillväxt och skador på det centrala nervsystemet. • Antalet nya fall av FAS i Sverige har uppskattats till cirka 0,1–0,3 procent av alla födslar, eller ca 100–300 fall per år, och för FASD till ca 1–3 procent. Samhällskostnaden för FAS i Sverige har lågt uppskattats till 14 miljarder kronor per år. • Kraftig alkoholkonsumtion är en fastslagen riskfaktor för ett flertal negativa konsekvenser, bland annat missfall, dödfödsel, för tidig födsel, försämrad fostertillväxt, låg födelsevikt och plötslig spädbarnsdöd. Även låg till måttlig alkoholkonsumtion ökar risken för vissa negativa konsekvenser. • Även om hjärnan är det organ som drabbas allvarligast av exponering för alkohol i fosterstadiet kan också missbildningar i hjärtat, njurarna, levern, matsmältningskanalen och hormonsystemet förekomma. • Effekterna av exponering för alkohol under fostertiden är större än från tobak, andra psykoaktiva ämnen och andra farliga ämnen som bly eller strålning. • Möjliga orsaksmekanismer är bland andra alkoholorsakad celldöd i hjärnan och skador på DNA i omogna manliga och kvinnliga könsceller, som kan ge ärftliga förändringar, det vill säga skador som kan föras vidare till kommande generationer. Alkohol efter förlossning • Alkohol ökar inte mjölkproduktionen och den är förknippad med att sluta amma tidigare. Alkohol framstår som en riskfaktor för plötslig spädbarnsdöd, särskilt när föräldrarna sover tillsammans med barnet. • Säker kunskap om effekter av låg alkoholkonsumtion under amningsperioden saknas. Även låg exponering för alkohol kan påverka barnets sömn och reducera mjölkproduktionen hos modern. Med tillämpning av försiktighetsprincipen bedöms det säkrast att undvika alkoholexponering under amningsperioden. För de som väljer att dricka bedöms dock risken av att dricka ett standardglas alkohol 2 timmar före amning som låg. Alkoholkonsumtion kring tiden för graviditet • Det är naturligt att tänka sig att alkohol och graviditet är ett problem som är begränsat till graviditeten och enbart berör kvinnor. Ingetdera är korrekt. Alkoholens påverkan på gravida kvinnor och deras barn har ett samband med alkoholkonsumtion både bland män och icke-gravida kvinnor i hela befolkningen. • Över 80 procent av svenska kvinnor dricker alkohol under året före graviditeten och 14 procent dricker mycket. I allmänhet är det få kvinnor som minskar sin konsumtion innan de har fått besked om att de är gravida. • Mäns alkoholkonsumtion innan graviditeten kan ge skador på fostret och möjligen också på följande generationer genom förändringar av spermiernas arvsmassa.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Jiang, Heng, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond the Drinker : Alcohol's Hidden Costs in 2016 in Australia
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 83:4, s. 512-524
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Drawing on a study of the range and mag-nitude of harms that alcohol caused to specific others in Australia, and on social and health agency statistics for collective costs, this article produces an analysis of the economic cost of alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in Australia. Method: This study used a general population survey and routinely collected social response agencies' data to quantify different costs of AHTO, using methods consistent with International Guidelines for Estimating the Costs of Substance Abuse. This approach estimates costs for health care and social services, crime costs, costs of productivity loss, quality of life-year loss and other expenses, including both tangible costs (direct and indirect) and intangible costs of loss of quality of life (respondents' self-reported loss of health-related quality of life). Results: The cost of AHTO in Australia was AUD$19.81 bil-lion (95% CI [11.99, 28.34]), with tangible costs accounting for 58% of total costs ($11.45 billion, which is 0.68% of gross domestic product in 2016) and intangible costs of $8.36 billion. The costs to private individu-als or households ($18.1 billion and 89% of total costs of AHTO) are greater than the costs to the government or society because of others' drinking in Australia. Conclusions: This study presents an estimation of the economic cost of harm from others' drinking. The economic costs from others' drinking are large and of much the same magnitude as the costs that drinkers impose on themselves, as found in previous studies. Preventing harm to others from drinking is important as a public health goal for both economic and humane reasons.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lee, K S Kylie, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing a tablet computer-based application ('App') to measure self-reported alcohol consumption in Indigenous Australians
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6947. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The challenges of assessing alcohol consumption can be greater in Indigenous communities where there may be culturally distinct approaches to communication, sharing of drinking containers and episodic patterns of drinking. This paper discusses the processes used to develop a tablet computer-based application ('App') to collect a detailed assessment of drinking patterns in Indigenous Australians. The key features of the resulting App are described.METHODS: An iterative consultation process was used (instead of one-off focus groups), with Indigenous cultural experts and clinical experts. Regular (weekly or more) advice was sought over a 12-month period from Indigenous community leaders and from a range of Indigenous and non-Indigenous health professionals and researchers.RESULTS: The underpinning principles, selected survey items, and key technical features of the App are described. Features include culturally appropriate questioning style and gender-specific voice and images; community-recognised events used as reference points to 'anchor' time periods; 'translation' to colloquial English and (for audio) to traditional language; interactive visual approaches to estimate quantity of drinking; images of specific brands of alcohol, rather than abstract description of alcohol type (e.g. 'spirits'); images of make-shift drinking containers; option to estimate consumption based on the individual's share of what the group drank.CONCLUSIONS: With any survey platform, helping participants to accurately reflect on and report their drinking presents a challenge. The availability of interactive, tablet-based technologies enables potential bridging of differences in culture and lifestyle and enhanced reporting.
|
|
| 9. |
- Livingston, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in alcohol-related liver disease mortality in Australia : An age-period-cohort perspective
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 118:11, s. 2156-2163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsThere have been few systematic attempts to examine how alcohol-related mortality has changed in Australia, and no studies that have explored cohort effects in alcohol-related mortality. This study uses more than 50 years of data to measure age, period and cohort trends in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) mortality.Design, Setting and CasesThis was a retrospective age-period-cohort analysis of total Australian ALD mortality data from 1968 to 2020 in Australia. There was a total of 35 822 deaths-27 208 men (76%) and 8614 women (24%).MeasurementsDeaths from ALD were grouped into 5-year age groups and periods (e.g. deaths for 20-24-year-olds between 1968 and 1972 were combined).FindingsALD mortality peaked in the late 1970s and early 1980s for both men and women. In age-period-cohort models, mortality was highest for cohorts born 1915-30. For example, men born between 1923 and 1927 had a relative risk of 1.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.52, 1.64] compared with men born between 1948 and 1952. For women, there was an increase in risk for cohorts born in the 1960s [e.g. the 1963-67 cohort had a relative risk (RR) of 1.16 (95% CI = 1.07, 1.25) compared with women born in 1948-52]. For men, there was a broad decline in mortality over time [e.g. in 2020, the RR was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.82, 0.92) compared with the reference year of 2000]. For women, mortality declined until 2000 and has been stable since.ConclusionsAlcohol-related liver disease mortality has declined across the Australian population since the 1970s and 1980s partly due to cohort-specific shifts as the highest-risk birth cohorts age. For women, this decline had stalled by the year 2000, and cohorts of women born during the 1960s were at higher risk than earlier cohorts, suggesting the need for thoughtful interventions as this population enters its highest-risk years for ALD mortality.
|
|
| 10. |
- Naimi, Timothy S, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection biases in observational studies affect associations between 'moderate' alcohol consumption and mortality.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 112:2, s. 207-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selection biases may lead to systematic overestimate of protective effects from 'moderate' alcohol consumption. Overall, most sources of selection bias favor low-volume drinkers in relation to non-drinkers. Studies that attempt to address these types of bias generally find attenuated or non-significant relationships between low-volume alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease, which is the major source of possible protective effects on mortality from low-volume consumption. Furthermore, observed mortality effects among established low-volume consumers are of limited relevance to health-related decisions about whether to initiate consumption or to continue drinking purposefully into old age. Short of randomized trials with mortality end-points, there are a number of approaches that can minimize selection bias involving low-volume alcohol consumption.
|
|
