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| 2. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Chao-Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity as a clinical predictor for severe manifestation of dengue : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 23:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSevere dengue often leads to poor clinical outcomes and high mortality; as a result, it is of vital importance to find prognostic factors associated with the severe form of dengue. Obesity is known to deteriorate many infectious diseases due to impaired immune responses. Several studies have suggested that obese patients with dengue infection tend to have more severe manifestations with poorer prognosis. However, a firm conclusion could not be drawn due to the varied results of these studies. Here, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between obesity and dengue severity.MethodsA literature search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline and Cochrane from inception to September 9, 2022. The two main keywords were “dengue” and “obesity”. Mantel-Haenszel method and random effects model was used to analyze the pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 15 article involving a total of 6,508 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Included patients in most studies were hospitalized pediatric patients. Only one study included adulthood data. Three cohort studies, four case-control studies, and one cross-sectional studies found a significant association between obesity and dengue severity. In contrast, three cohort studies, three case-control studies, and one cross-sectional study reported no significant relationship between obesity and dengue severity. Our analysis results showed that patient with obesity is 50% (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.15–1.97) more likely to develop severe manifestation of dengue.ConclusionThis meta-analysis revealed that overweight could be a clinical predictor for severe disease for pediatric patients with dengue infection.
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| 4. |
- Chiu, Yu-Yao, et al.
(författare)
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The association of obesity and dengue severity in hospitalized adult patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION. - : Elsevier BV. - 1684-1182 .- 1995-9133. ; 56:2, s. 267-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity is associated with unfavorable outcomes for infectious diseases. Most researches exploring the association between nutritional status and dengue severity have focused on pediatric populations, with only few studies assessing adult patients.Methods: Adult patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue admitted to a tertiary hospital in southern Taiwan between 2014 and 2015 were enrolled retrospectively. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and outcomes were obtained from caserecord forms. Patients were categorized into obese group and nonobese group. The obese group comprised patients with a body mass index of >= 27.5 kg/m(2).Results: A total of 1417 hospitalized patients with dengue were evaluated. The mean age was 57.9 years (range: 18e92 years). The obese and nonobese groups comprised 333 (23.5%) and 1084 (76.5%) patients, respectively. The obese group included more patients with hypertension (85%, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (33%, p < 0.001), and congestive heart failure ( 6.3%, p Z 0.049). Multivariate analysis revealed that the obese group had more petechiae (AOR: 1.353, 95% CI: 1.025e1.786, p Z 0.033), more dyspnea (AOR: 1.380, 95% CI: 1.015e1.876, p Z 0.040), and more severe hepatitis (AOR: 2.061, 95% CI: 1.050e4.048, p Z 0.036). The obese group also had higher peak hematocrit values (44.1%, p < 0.001) and lower nadir platelet count (45.3 x 10(3)/mL, p Z 0.049) than the nonobese group.Conclusion: In adult patients with dengue, obese group had more petechiae, dyspnea, severe hepatitis, lower nadir of platelet count, and higher peak hematocrit level. We observed no difference in severe dengue or mortality between obese and nonobese group.
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| 6. |
- Chiu, Chun Chien, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of Delocalized Ti 3d Electrons in Ultrathin Single-Crystal SrTiO3
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 22:4, s. 1580-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strontium titanate (STO), with a wide spectrum of emergent properties such as ferroelectricity and superconductivity, has received significant attention in the community of strongly correlated materials. In the strain-free STO film grown on the SrRuO3 buffer layer, the existing polar nanoregions can facilitate room-temperature ferroelectricity when the STO film thickness approaches 10 nm. Here we show that around this thickness scale, the freestanding STO films without the influence of a substrate show the tetragonal structure at room temperature, contrasting with the cubic structure seen in bulk form. The spectroscopic measurements reveal the modified Ti-O orbital hybridization that causes the Ti ion to deviate from its nominal 4+ valency (3d0 configuration) with excess delocalized 3d electrons. Additionally, the Ti ion in TiO6 octahedron exhibits an off-center displacement. The inherent symmetry lowering in ultrathin freestanding films offers an alternative way to achieve tunable electronic structures that are of paramount importance for future technological applications.
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| 7. |
- Chiu, Chun-Chien, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic characterization of electronic structures of ultra-thin single crystal La0.7Sr0.3MnO3
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have successfully fabricated high quality single crystalline La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) film in the freestanding form that can be transferred onto silicon wafer and copper mesh support. Using soft x-ray absorption (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy in transmission and reflection geometries, we demonstrate that the x-ray emission from Mn 3s-2p core-to-core transition (3sPFY) seen in the RIXS maps can represent the bulk-like absorption signal with minimal self-absorption effect around the Mn L3-edge. Similar measurements were also performed on a reference LSMO film grown on the SrTiO3 substrate and the agreement between measurements substantiates the claim that the bulk electronic structures can be preserved even after the freestanding treatment process. The 3sPFY spectrum obtained from analyzing the RIXS maps offers a powerful way to probe the bulk electronic structures in thin films and heterostructures when recording the XAS spectra in the transmission mode is not available.
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| 8. |
- Clark, DW, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4957-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.
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