| 1. |
- Brouwer, Darren H., et al.
(författare)
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A General Protocol for Determining the Structures of Molecularly Ordered but Noncrystalline Silicate Frameworks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 135:15, s. 5641-5655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A general protocol is demonstrated for determining the structures of molecularly ordered but noncrystalline solids, which combines constraints provided by X-ray diffraction (XRD), one- and two-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and first-principles quantum chemical calculations. The approach is used to determine the structure(s) of a surfactant-directed layered silicate with short-range order in two dimensions but without long-range periodicity in three-dimensions (3D). The absence of long-range 3D molecular order and corresponding indexable XRD reflections precludes determination of a space group for this layered silicate. Nevertheless, by combining structural constraints obtained from solid-state Si-29 NMR analyses, including the types and relative populations of distinct Si-29 sites, their respective Si-29-O-Si-29 connectivities and separation distances, with unit cell parameters (though not space group symmetry) provided by XRD, a comprehensive search of candidate framework structures leads to the identification of a small number of candidate structures that are each compatible with all of the experimental data. Subsequent refinement of the candidate structures using density functional theory calculations allows their evaluation and identification of best framework representations, based on their respective lattice energies and quantitative comparisons between experimental and calculated Si-29 isotropic chemical shifts and (2)J(Si-29-O-Si-29) scalar couplings. The comprehensive analysis identifies three closely related and topologically equivalent framework configurations that are in close agreement with all experimental and theoretical structural constraints. The subtle differences among such similar structural models embody the complexity of the actual framework(s), which likely contain coexisting or subtle distributions of structural order that are intrinsic to the material.
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| 2. |
- Cadars, Sylvian, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics and disorder in surfactant-templated silicate layers studied by solid-state NMR dephasing times and correlated line shapes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:25, s. 9145-9154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surfactant-templated layered silicates are shown to possess complex compositional, structural, and dynamic features that manifest rich and interrelated order and disorder at molecular length scales. Temperature-dependent 1D and 2D solid-state Si-29 NMR measurements reveal a chemical-exchange process involving the surfactant headgroups that is concomitant with reversible broadening of Si-29 NMR line shapes under magic-angle-spinning (MAS) conditions at temperatures in the range 205-330 K. Specifically, the temperature-dependent changes in the Si-29 transverse dephasing times T-2' can be quantitatively accounted for by 2-fold reorientational dynamics of the surfactant headgroups. Variable-temperature analyses demonstrate that the temperature-dependent Si-29 shifts, peak broadening, and 2D Si-29{Si-29} correlation NMR line shapes are directly related to the freezing of the surfactant headgroup dynamics, which results in local structural disorder within the silicate framework.
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| 3. |
- Smeets, Stef, et al.
(författare)
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Well-Defined Silanols in the Structure of the Calcined High-Silica Zeolite SSZ-70 : New Understanding of a Successful Catalytic Material
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 139:46, s. 16803-16812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of the calcined form of the high-silica zeolite SSZ-70 has been elucidated by combining synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and two-dimensional (2D) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced NMR techniques. The framework structure of SSZ-70 is a polytype of MWW and can be viewed as a disordered ABC-type stacking of MWW-layers. HRTEM and XRPD simulations show that the stacking sequence is almost random, with each layer being shifted by +/- 1/3 along the < 110 > direction with respect to the previous one. However, a small preponderance of ABAB stacking could be discerned. DNP-enhanced 2D Si-29{Si-29} J-mediated NMR analyses of calcined Si-SSZ-70 at natural Si-29 isotopic abundance (4.7%) establish the through-covalent-bond Si-29-O-Si-29 connectivities of distinct Si sites in the framework. The DNP-NMR results corroborate the presence of MWW layers and, more importantly, identify two distinct types of Q(3) silanol species at the surfaces of the interlayer regions. In the first, an isolated silanol group protrudes into the interlayer space pointing toward the pocket in the adjacent layer. In the second, the surrounding topology is the same, but the isolated -SiOH group is missing, leaving a nest of three Si-O-H groups in place of the three Si-O-Si linkages. The analyses clarify the structure of this complicated material, including features that do not exhibit long-range order. With these insights, the novel catalytic behavior of SSZ-70 can be better understood and opportunities for enhancement recognized.
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