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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Aguilar, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for Leptonic CP Violation with the ESSnuSBplus Project
- 2024
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Ingår i: Letters in High Energy Physics. - : Andromeda Publishing And Academic Services LTD. - 2632-2714.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESSνSB is a design study for a next-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment that aims at the precise measurement of the CP-violating phase, δCP, in the leptonic sector at the second oscillation maximum. The conceptual design report published from the first phase of the project showed that after 10 years of data taking, more than 70% of the possible δCP range will be covered with 5σ C.L. to reject the no-CP-violation hypothesis. The expected value of δCP precision is smaller than 8◦ for all δCP values. The next phase of the project, the ESSνSB+, aims at using the intense muon flux produced together with neutrinos to measure the neutrino-nucleus cross-section, the dominant term of the systematic uncertainty, in the energy range of 0.2–0.6 GeV, using a Low Energy neutrinos from STORed Muons (LEnuSTORM) and a Low Energy Monitored Neutrino Beam (LEMNB) facilities.
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| 4. |
- Biswas, A., et al.
(författare)
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Galactic gamma ray excess and dark matter phenomenology in a U(1)B−L model
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 2016:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we have considered a gauged U(1)B−L extension of the Standard Model (SM) with three right handed neutrinos for anomaly cancellation and two additional SM singlet complex scalars with nontrivial B-L charges. One of these is used to spontaneously break the U(1)B−L gauge symmetry, leading to Majorana masses for the neutrinos through the standard Type I seesaw mechanism, while the other becomes the dark matter (DM) candidate in the model. We test the viability of the model to simultaneously explain the DM relic density observed in the CMB data as well as the Galactic Centre (GC) γ-ray excess seen by Fermi-LAT. We show that for DM masses in the range 40-55 GeV and for a wide range of U(1)B−L gauge boson masses, one can satisfy both these constraints if the additional neutral Higgs scalar has a mass around the resonance region. In studying the dark matter phenomenology and GC excess, we have taken into account theoretical as well as experimental constraints coming from vacuum stability condition, Planck bound on DM relic density, LHC and LUX and present allowed areas in the model parameter space consistent with all relevant data, calculate the predicted gamma ray flux from the GC and discuss the related phenomenology.
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| 5. |
- Burgman, A., et al.
(författare)
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The ESSnuSB Design Study: Overview and Future Prospects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI. - 2218-1997. ; 9:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESSnuSB is a design study for an experiment to measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector at the second neutrino oscillation maximum using a neutrino beam driven by the uniquely powerful ESS linear accelerator. The reduced impact of systematic errors on sensitivity at the second maximum allows for a very precise measurement of the CP violating parameter. This review describes the fundamental advantages of measurement at the second maximum, the necessary upgrades to the ESS linac in order to produce a neutrino beam, the near and far detector complexes, and the expected physics reach of the proposed ESSnuSB experiment, concluding with the near future developments aimed at the project realization.
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| 6. |
- Choubey, Sandhya, et al.
(författare)
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Singlet-triplet fermionic dark matter and LHC phenomenology
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer New York LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 78:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that for the pure standard model triplet fermionic WIMP-type dark matter (DM), the relic density is satisfied around 2 TeV. For such a heavy mass particle, the production cross-section at 13 TeV run of LHC will be very small. Extending the model further with a singlet fermion and a triplet scalar, DM relic density can be satisfied for even much lower masses. The lower mass DM can be copiously produced at LHC and hence the model can be tested at collider. For the present model we have studied the multi jet (≥2j) + missing energy ([InlineEquation not available: see fulltext.]) signal and show that this can be detected in the near future of the LHC 13 TeV run. We also predict that the present model is testable by the earth based DM direct detection experiments like Xenon-1T and in future by Darwin.
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| 7. |
- Choubey, Sandhya, et al.
(författare)
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Study of invisible neutrino decay and oscillation in the presence of matter with a 50 kton magnetised iron detector
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sensitivity to the invisible decay of the mass eigenstate ν3 in the presence of Earth matter effects is studied. Only the charged current interactions of atmospheric νµ and νµ for 500 kTon year exposure of a future magnetised iron detector at INO are analysed. The analysis with observed muon energy in the range would give a constraint of τ3/m3 > 1.51×10−10 s/eV at 90% CL with this exposure. Here τ3 is the lifetime and m3 is the mass of ν3, when it is the heaviest. The effect of decay on the precision measurement of sin2 θ23 and |∆m232| and neutrino mass hierarchy are also studied. Since the presence of decay affects the oscillation amplitude rather than its phase, it is seen that the precision on sin2 θ23 worsens whereas that on |∆m232| is not much affected. Sensitivity to hierarchy also worsens slightly in the presence of the invisible decay of ν3
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| 8. |
- Lakshmi, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of INO ICAL to Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and θ23 Octant in Presence of Invisible Neutrino Decay in Matter
- 2021
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Ingår i: Springer Proceedings in Physics. - Singapore : Springer Nature. ; , s. 981-986
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study of the effect of invisible decay of the third neutrino mass eigen state ν3 on the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and the octant of the mixing angle θ23 has been done. The decay is characterized by α3= m3/ τ3, where m3 is the mass of ν3 and τ3 its rest–frame lifetime. The effect of matter oscillations and decay have been taken into account. The studies are done with simulated charged current νμ and ν¯μ events in the proposed 50 kt INO ICAL detector. It is found that the mass hierarchy sensitivity is not much affected if the values of α3 are smaller than 2.35 × 10- 4 eV2 (which is the 90% C.L. limit on α3 from the analysis of MINOS data). A significant reduction in hierarchy sensitivity is observed for values of α3 as large as 2.35 × 10- 4 eV2. The dependence of sensitivity to mass ordering on θ23 is also studied. Octant sensitivity is found to increase (worsen) with increase in α3 if θ23 is in the first (second) octant, for non-zero values of α3< 2.35 × 10- 4 eV2, as compared to the no decay case. For α3= 2.35 × 10- 4 eV2, the octant sensitivity is found to increase for both octants of θ23.
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| 9. |
- Abe, K., et al.
(författare)
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Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 916:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants-neutron stars and black holes-are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood. Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokande's response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations toward a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.
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| 10. |
- Biswas, A., et al.
(författare)
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Dark Matter, Neutrino Mass and Muon (g-2) in a U(1)Lu LTModel
- 2018
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Ingår i: Springer Proceedings in Physics. - Cham : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9783319731704 ; , s. 919-921
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existence of dark matter (DM) and neutrino masses are the two beyond standard model (BSM) problems. In this work, we have extended the standard model (SM) gauge group by a local ymmetry. We have extended the SM particle list by adding three right handed (RH) neutrinos to generate neutrino masses by Type I seesaw mechanism. We have also added two SM singlet scalars, one of them can serve as the DM candidate while other one takes VEV and gives masses to RH neutrinos and additional gauge boson. Beside explaining the neutrino masses and peculiar mixing angles of the neutrinos, we have also explained DM phenomenology and the muon (anomaly by the one loop contribution of the additional gauge boson.
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