| 1. |
- Jelenkovic, Aline, et al.
(författare)
-
Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age : A Study of the CODATwins Project
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 18:5, s. 557-570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Silventoinen, Karri, et al.
(författare)
-
The CODATwins Project : The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 18:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.
|
|
| 3. |
- de Lange, Annet H., et al.
(författare)
-
Opportunities and challenges in designing and evaluating complex multilevel, multi-stakeholder occupational health interventions in practice
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Work & Stress. - : Routledge. - 0267-8373 .- 1464-5335.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant research suggests the effectiveness of Occupational Health Psychology (OHP) interventions depends on their design in the broader organisational context. While the field recognises that pre- and posttest evaluation do not sufficiently capture the complex dynamics around OHP interventions, complex multi-level OHP interventions are still scarce in the literature. As established intervention implementation frameworks suggest, it remains difficult to address this complexity in practice. The present position paper re-evaluates lessons learned from two complex European OHP intervention projects, by applying the Integrated Process Evaluation Framework (IPEF) and related theories to bridge the gap between the theoretically recognised complexity and practical challenges. The re-evaluations emphasise that programme-multilevel theories rooted in OHP-perspectives contribute to adequately hypothesising around systemic factors and mechanisms relevant to OHP interventions. Concretely, middle range theories that outline how an intervention’s mechanisms work within a specific context to produce certain outcomes are crucial. Additionally, strategically and actively involving key stakeholders at all levels of the system and across the different intervention phases improves the embedding of OHP interventions in organisations. We elaborate on these insights with seven concrete recommendations for complex OHP intervention research.
|
|
| 4. |
- de Lange, Annet H., et al.
(författare)
-
Opportunities and challenges in designing and evaluating complex multilevel, multi-stakeholder occupational health interventions in practice
- 2024
-
Ingår i: WORK AND STRESS. - : Routledge. - 0267-8373 .- 1464-5335.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant research suggests the effectiveness of Occupational Health Psychology (OHP) interventions depends on their design in the broader organisational context. While the field recognises that pre- and posttest evaluation do not sufficiently capture the complex dynamics around OHP interventions, complex multi-level OHP interventions are still scarce in the literature. As established intervention implementation frameworks suggest, it remains difficult to address this complexity in practice. The present position paper re-evaluates lessons learned from two complex European OHP intervention projects, by applying the Integrated Process Evaluation Framework (IPEF) and related theories to bridge the gap between the theoretically recognised complexity and practical challenges. The re-evaluations emphasise that programme-multilevel theories rooted in OHP-perspectives contribute to adequately hypothesising around systemic factors and mechanisms relevant to OHP interventions. Concretely, middle range theories that outline how an intervention's mechanisms work within a specific context to produce certain outcomes are crucial. Additionally, strategically and actively involving key stakeholders at all levels of the system and across the different intervention phases improves the embedding of OHP interventions in organisations. We elaborate on these insights with seven concrete recommendations for complex OHP intervention research.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fleischer, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in progression to in situ and invasive carcinoma of the breast with impact on gene transcription and prognosis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 15:8, s. 435-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a precursor of invasive breast carcinoma. DNA methylation alterations are thought to be an early event in progression of cancer, and may prove valuable as a tool in clinical decision making and for understanding neoplastic development. Results: We generate genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of 285 breast tissue samples representing progression of cancer, and validate methylation changes between normal and DCIS in an independent dataset of 15 normal and 40 DCIS samples. We also validate a prognostic signature on 583 breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our analysis reveals that DNA methylation profiles of DCIS are radically altered compared to normal breast tissue, involving more than 5,000 genes. Changes between DCIS and invasive breast carcinoma involve around 1,000 genes. In tumors, DNA methylation is associated with gene expression of almost 3,000 genes, including both negative and positive correlations. A prognostic signature based on methylation level of 18 CpGs is associated with survival of breast cancer patients with invasive tumors, as well as with survival of patients with DCIS and mixed lesions of DCIS and invasive breast carcinoma. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that changes in the epigenome occur early in the neoplastic progression, provides evidence for the possible utilization of DNA methylation-based markers of progression in the clinic, and highlights the importance of epigenetic changes in carcinogenesis.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hertel, Ole, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing atmospheric nitrogen deposition to natural and semi-natural ecosystems - Experience from Danish studies using the DAMOS
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 66, s. 151-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local agricultural emissions contribute significantly to the atmospheric reactive nitrogen loads of Danish terrestrial ecosystems. In the vicinity of the sources this may be up to 6-8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) depending on location and ecosystem type. This contribution arises from dry deposition of gas phase ammonia derived from local livestock production. Long-range transport, however, often constitutes the largest contribution to the overall atmospheric terrestrial reactive nitrogen loadings in Denmark. This is often in the range 10-15 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and consists mainly of aerosol phase nitrate and ammonium (reaction products of nitrogen oxides and ammonia), but also dry deposition of other reactive nitrogen compounds (mainly nitrogen oxides in the form of gas phase nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide). In Denmark's environmental management of the sensitive terrestrial ecosystems modelling tools are required that account for both the local and the long-range transported contributions. This motivated development of the Danish Ammonia MOdelling System (DAMOS) that has been successfully applied to the assessment of atmospheric nitrogen loadings to sensitive Danish ecosystems. We present here three different examples of such assessments. Our results show that ecosystems located in Western Denmark (Case 1) receive the highest loads of atmospheric nitrogen depositions which generally exceed the critical load. This part of the country has the highest livestock density. In the Eastern part of the country, the atmospheric loadings are often below or close to the lower end of the interval for critical load values. These lower loads in Eastern Denmark (Case 2) are due to lower density of agricultural activities, as well as, lower precipitation rates, which leads to less wet deposition of reactive nitrogen. In general there is a gradient in atmospheric deposition over the country, with the highest depositions in the South-Western part of Denmark (Case 3) due to long-range transport contributions from North-Western Europe, but also due to local ammonia deposition associated with the high local emission from the high density livestock farming in this area. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
- Karyotaki, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
-
Is self-guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) harmful? An individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 48:15, s. 2456-2466
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Little is known about potential harmful effects as a consequence of self-guided internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT), such as symptom deterioration rates. Thus, safety concerns remain and hamper the implementation of self-guided iCBT into clinical practice. We aimed to conduct an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of clinically significant deterioration (symptom worsening) in adults with depressive symptoms who received self-guided iCBT compared with control conditions. Several socio-demographic, clinical and study-level variables were tested as potential moderators of deterioration. Methods. Randomised controlled trials that reported results of self-guided iCBT compared with control conditions in adults with symptoms of depression were selected. Mixed effects models with participants nested within studies were used to examine possible clinically significant deterioration rates. Results. Thirteen out of 16 eligible trials were included in the present IPD meta-analysis. Of the 3805 participants analysed, 7.2% showed clinically significant deterioration (5.8% and 9.1% of participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively). Participants in self-guided iCBT were less likely to deteriorate (OR 0.62, p amp;lt; 0.001) compared with control conditions. None of the examined participant- and study-level moderators were significantly associated with deterioration rates. Conclusions. Self-guided iCBT has a lower rate of negative outcomes on symptoms than control conditions and could be a first step treatment approach for adult depression as well as an alternative to watchful waiting in general practice.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lansö, Anne Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of short-term variability in surface water pCO2 on modelled air-sea CO2 exchange
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal seas and estuarine systems are highly variable in both time and space and with their heterogeneity difficult to capture with measurements. Models are useful tools in obtaining a better spatiotemporal coverage or, at least, a better understanding of the impacts such heterogeneity has in driving variability in coastal oceans and estuaries. A model-based sensitivity study is constructed in this study in order to examine the effects of short-term variability in surface water pCO(2) on the annual air-sea CO2 exchange in coastal regions. An atmospheric transport model formed the basis of the modelling framework for the study of the Baltic Sea and the Danish inner waters. Several maps of surface water pCO(2) were employed in the modelling framework. While a monthly Baltic Sea climatology (BSC) had already been developed, the current study further extended this with the addition of an improved near-coastal climatology for the Danish inner waters. Furthermore, daily surface fields of pCO(2) were obtained from a mixed layer scheme constrained by surface measurements of pCO(2) (JENA). Short-term variability in surface water pCO(2) was assessed by calculating monthly mean diurnal cycles from continuous measurements of surface water pCO(2), observed at stationary sites within the Baltic Sea. No apparent diurnal cycle was evident in winter, but diurnal cycles (with amplitudes up to 27 mu atm) were found from April to October. The present study showed that the temporal resolution of surface water pCO(2) played an influential role on the annual air-sea CO2 exchange for the coastal study region. Hence, annual estimates of CO2 exchanges are sensitive to variation on much shorter time scales, and this variability should be included for any model study investigating the exchange of CO2 across the air-sea interface. Furthermore, the choice of surface pCO(2) maps also had a crucial influence on the simulated air-sea CO2 exchange.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nilsson Sommar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term residential exposure to particulate matter and its components, nitrogen dioxide and ozone : a northern sweden cohort study on mortality
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to estimate the mortality risk associated with air pollution in a Swedish cohort with relatively low exposure. Air pollution models were used to estimate annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5 ), primary emitted car-bonaceous particles (BC/pOC), sea salt, chemically formed particles grouped as secondary inorganic and organic aerosols (SIA and SOA) as well as ozone (O3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ). The exposure, as a moving average was calculated based on home address for the time windows 1 year (lag 1), 1–5 years (lag 1–5) and 1–10 years (lag 1–10) preceding the death. During the study period, 1151 cases of natural mortality, 253 cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and 113 cases of respiratory and lung cancer mortality were observed during 369,394 person-years of follow-up. Increased natural mortality was observed in association with NO2 (3% [95% CI −8–14%] per IQR) and PM2.5 (2% [95% CI −5–9%] for an IQR increase) and its components, except for SOA where a decreased risk was observed. Higher risk increases were observed for CVD mortality (e.g., 18% [95% CI 1–39%] per IQR for NO2 ). These findings at low exposure levels are relevant for future decisions concerning air quality policies.
|
|
| 10. |
- Olsson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Early childhood exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with increased risk of paediatric asthma : An administrative cohort study from Stockholm, Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease and one of the most common chronic diseases among children. Exposure to ambient air pollution in early life and childhood may influence asthma aetiology, but it is uncertain which specific components of air pollution and exposure windows are of importance. The role of socioeconomic status (SES) is also unclear. The aims of the present study are, therefore, to investigate how various exposure windows of different pollutants affect risk-induced asthma in early life and to explore the possible effect SES has on that relationship.Methods: The study population was constructed using register data on all singleton births in the greater Stockholm area between 2006 and 2013. Exposure to ambient black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), primary organic carbon (pOC) secondary organic aerosols (SOA), secondary inorganic aerosols, and oxidative potential at the residential address was modelled as mean values for the entire pregnancy period, the first year of life and the first three years of life. Swedish national registers were used to define the outcome: asthma diagnosis assessed at hospital during the first six years of life. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were modelled with Cox proportional hazards model with age as the underlying time-scale, adjusting for relevant potential confounding variables.Results: An increased risk for developing childhood asthma was observed in association with exposure to PM2.5, pOC and SOA during the first three years of life. With an interquartile range increase in exposure, the HRs were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01-1.10), 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00-1.04), for PM2.5, pOC and SOA, respectively, in the fully adjusted models. Exposure during foetal life or the first year of life was not associated with asthma risk, and the other pollutants were not statistically significantly associated with increased risk. Furthermore, the increase in risk associated with PM2.5 and the components BC, pOC and SOA were stronger in areas with lower SES.Conclusion: Our results suggest that exposure to air pollution during the first three years of life may increase the risk for asthma in early childhood. The findings further imply a possible increased vulnerability to air pollutionattributed asthma among low SES children.
|
|
