| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Blach, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-1253. ; 7:5, s. 396-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Since the release of the first global hepatitis elimination targets in 2016, and until the COVID-19 pandemic started in early 2020, many countries and territories were making progress toward hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This study aims to evaluate HCV burden in 2020, and forecast HCV burden by 2030 given current trends. Methods This analysis includes a literature review, Delphi process, and mathematical modelling to estimate HCV prevalence (viraemic infection, defined as HCV RNA-positive cases) and the cascade of care among people of all ages (age =0 years from birth) for the period between Jan 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2030. Epidemiological data were collected from published sources and grey literature (including government reports and personal communications) and were validated among country and territory experts. A Markov model was used to forecast disease burden and cascade of care from 1950 to 2050 for countries and territories with data. Model outcomes were extracted from 2015 to 2030 to calculate population-weighted regional averages, which were used for countries or territories without data. Regional and global estimates of HCV prevalence, cascade of care, and disease burden were calculated based on 235 countries and territories. Findings Models were built for 110 countries or territories: 83 were approved by local experts and 27 were based on published data alone. Using data from these models, plus population-weighted regional averages for countries and territories without models (n=125), we estimated a global prevalence of viraemic HCV infection of 0.7% (95% UI 0.7-0.9), corresponding to 56.8 million (95% UI 55.2-67.8) infections, on Jan 1, 2020. This number represents a decrease of 6.8 million viraemic infections from a 2015 (beginning of year) prevalence estimate of 63.6 million (61.8-75.8) infections (0.9% [0.8-1.0] prevalence). By the end of 2020, an estimated 12.9 million (12.5-15.4) people were living with a diagnosed viraemic infection. In 2020, an estimated 641 000 (623 000-765 000) patients initiated treatment. Interpretation At the beginning of 2020, there were an estimated 56.8 million viraemic HCV infections globally. Although this number represents a decrease from 2015, our forecasts suggest we are not currently on track to achieve global elimination targets by 2030. As countries recover from COVID-19, these findings can help refocus efforts aimed at HCV elimination. Copyright (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Cappellini, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
-
Early Pleistocene enamel proteome from Dmanisi resolves Stephanorhinus phylogeny
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7776, s. 103-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sequencing of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of speciation, migration and admixture events for extinct taxa(1). However, the irreversible post-mortem degradation(2) of ancient DNA has so far limited its recovery-outside permafrost areasto specimens that are not older than approximately 0.5 million years (Myr)(3). By contrast, tandem mass spectrometry has enabled the sequencing of approximately 1.5-Myr-old collagen type I-4. and suggested the presence of protein residues in fossils of the Cretaceous period(5)-although with limited phylogenetic use(6). In the absence of molecular evidence, the speciation of several extinct species of the Early and Middle Pleistocene epoch remains contentious. Here we address the phylogenetic relationships of the Eurasian Rhinocerotidae of the Pleistocene epoch(7-9), using the proteome of dental enamel from a Stephanorhinus tooth that is approximately 1.77-Myr old, recovered from the archaeological site of Dmanisi (South Caucasus, Georgia)(10). Molecular phylogenetic analyses place this Stephanorhinus as a sister group to the Glade formed by the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) and Merck's rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis). We show that Coelodonta evolved from an early Stephanorhinus lineage, and that this latter genus includes at least two distinct evolutionary lines. The genus Stephanorhinus is therefore currently paraphyletic, and its systematic revision is needed. We demonstrate that sequencing the proteome of Early Pleistocene dental enamel overcomes the limitations of phylogenetic inference based on ancient collagen or DNA. Our approach also provides additional information about the sex and taxonomic assignment of other specimens from Dmanisi. Our findings reveal that proteomic investigation of ancient dental enamel-which is the hardest tissue in vertebrates(11), and is highly abundant in the fossil record-can push the reconstruction of molecular evolution further back into the Early Pleistocene epoch, beyond the currently known limits of ancient DNA preservation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Christensen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Overexpression of the Ca2+-binding protein calreticulin in the endoplasmic reticulum improves growth of tobacco cell suspensions (Nicotiana tabacum) in high-Ca2+ medium
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - : Wiley. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 123:1, s. 92-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calreticulin (CRT) is a eukaryotic, highly conserved, Ca2+-binding protein predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. In addition to being involved in the regulation of cellular Ca2+, calreticulin is a key quality control element during protein folding in the ER lumen. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension cells overexpressing a maize CRT (CRT1a) were used here to examine the properties of CRT in growing plant cells with respect to stress exposure. The endogenous CRT gene was induced rapidly after subculturing of the cells to new medium. In accordance, the CRT protein levels increased, peaking at days 3-4. At day 5, when the CRT transcript levels had levelled off, a further increase in endogenous CRT expression was obtained when the cells were treated with excess Ca2+ or the N-linked glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. Whereas the response to Ca2+ occurred within 30 min, the induction by tunicamycin took several hours to be established. Transforming tobacco cells with maize CRT1a, under a constitutive mannopine synthase promoter, resulted in a stable level of expressed CRT1a during the growth cycle compared with endogenous CRT. The CRTs showed differences in attached glycans, but both contained the high mannose-rich-type glycans characteristic of ER proteins. In agreement with an ER location, both tobacco CRT and the transgene product CRT1a codistributed with the ER marker NADH cytochrome c reductase after density gradient centrifugation of microsomal fractions from tobacco cells. Increased production of CRT, as was obtained in the transgenic tobacco cell lines, made cells more tolerant than wild-type cells to high Ca2+ during growth. These data suggest that overexpression of CRT1a in plant cells results in a more efficient calcium buffering capacity in the ER.
|
|
| 5. |
- Christensen, Love, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes and Fluctuations in Issue Ownership: The Case of Sweden, 1979–2010
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Political Studies. - : Wiley. - 0080-6757 .- 1467-9477. ; 38:2, s. 137-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Issue ownership (IO) is an important concept in the analysis of party behaviour, party strategy and party competition for several decades. More recently, it has also been of growing interest to research on voting behaviour. Traditionally, IO has been regarded as a stable phenomenon where parties have different profiles and are advantaged by different political issues or issueareas. However, recently many studies have reported change and fluctuations concerning IO, and the same studies also makes it clear that we know surprisingly little about what might cause, or facilitate, change in issue ownership. In fact, we do not even have systematic studies of how stable issue ownership usually is, or how frequent clear shifts in issue ownership actually are.The aim of this article is to explore the extent of change and stability in issue ownership in Sweden. For this purpose, the Swedish national election studies from 1979 to 2010 are utilised. Hence, in light of more recent research that has delivered some tentative indications of that changes in issue ownership have increased over time, this is nothing that is supported in the Swedish case. Instead, issue ownership seems never to have been a particularly stable phenomenon in general. Moreover, these results demonstrate that the ownership in economic issues are more volatile compared to others kind of issues, something which is well in line with the theoretical expectations outlined in the article since performance issues should be more sensitive to changes in voter evaluations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Christensen, Love, et al.
(författare)
-
Echoes of Violent Conflict: The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on Hate Crimes in the U.S.
- 2021
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Do social identity ties facilitate the spread of violent conflict? We assess whether the Israeli-Palestinian conflict causes hate crime towards Jews and Muslims in the U.S using daily data between 2000-2016. We measure the timing, intensity and instigator in the conflict using the number of conflict fatalities and U.S. mass media coverage of the conflict. Analyses using both conflict measures find that conflict events trigger hate crimes in the following days following a retaliatory pattern: Anti-Jewish hate crimes increase a.er Israeli attacks and anti-Islamic hate crimes increase a.er Palestinian attacks. There is little evidence that the ethno-religious group not associated with the attacker is subjected to hate crimes. Moreover, the lack of an effect of non-violent conflict reporting suggests that hate crimes are not triggered by the salience of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in itself. Our findings suggest that victimization transcends the locality of the conflict, implying that violent conflict may be more costly than existing research suggests.
|
|
| 7. |
- Christensen, Love, et al.
(författare)
-
Field work, survey completion times and data quality in Citizen Panel 4 - 2012. LORE working paper 2013:1 : Field work, survey completion times and data quality in Citizen Panel 4 - 2012
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report examines the inflow over the period of field work of a web survey, the amount of time it takes a respondent to complete the survey (duration) and a few data quality indicators. The first part shows us a very large part of the total completed questionnaires are received during the very first day of field work, close to 50 percent. However, after a field work period extended to three weeks, twice as many completed surveys are received in total. It is also made clear that the time of day when most people tend to answer their questionnaires is between 8 am and 11 am. These hours account for almost 40 percent of all completed questionnaires. We also discover a high amount of variation when it comes to the time respondents spend filling out the web questionnaire. On average, this particular survey took 25 minutes to complete. When it comes to predictors of survey duration it is found that people who answer late at night or who are highly interested in politics spend more time on the survey than others. When it comes to data quality the respondents of the Citizen Panel 4 seem be straight-lining to a fairly high extent. As many as one out of four respondents had straight-lined at least one out of seven question batteries. We also confirm a curve-linear relationship between time spent on survey and data quality. Those filling out the questionnaire just slightly slower than the average respondent are those who are least likely to be straight-lining.
|
|
| 8. |
- Christensen, Love, et al.
(författare)
-
Fotbollssupportrar i Göteborg redux
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Medborgarna om välfärden. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789189673250
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
- Christensen, Love
(författare)
-
How Does Uncertainty Affect Voters' Preferences?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Political Science. - 0007-1234. ; 52, s. 1186-1204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rational voters care about outcomes, while parties campaign on policy proposals, the outcomes of which are never perfectly known. Can parties exploit this uncertainty to shape public opinion? This article presents a spatial preference model for policy proposals with uncertain outcomes. It reports the results of a large pre-registered survey experiment that involved presenting respondents with predictions about the effects of three policy proposals. The findings show that respondents update their attitudes to the proposals as their beliefs about outcomes change, and that parties are no less able to influence beliefs than non-partisan experts. Contrary to previous research, respondents discount outcome uncertainty by giving equal weight to conflicting optimistic and pessimistic predictions. The study shows that parties can shape public opinion by influencing voter beliefs, and that voters are not repelled by the uncertainty inherent in conflicting information. Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press.
|
|
| 10. |
- Christensen, Love, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring issue ownership. LORE working paper 2014:1
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I flera årtionden har frågeägarskap (eng. Issue Ownership) varit ett värdefullt koncept för att förklara och förutsäga partikonkurrens och partibeteende. Det har också kommit att spela en viktig roll i studier av väljarbeteende. Det finns emellertid inget vedertaget sätt att mäta frågarägarskap på, vilket gett upphov till en mängd olika mått. Denna inkonsekvens har en negativ påverkan på jämförbarheten mellan studier av frågeägarskap i tid och rum. I denna forskningsnot använder vi en experimentell design för att undersöka och jämföra fyra olika mått på frågeägarskap i en internetenkät: ett mått med sju skalsteg, ett med bra politik, ett med bra- och dålig politik och ett med bäst politik. Vår förväntan är att det finns en avvägning mellan kognitiv ansträngning och förklaringskraft när vi mäter frågeägarskap. Kognitiv ansträngning operationaliseras som tiden det tar för en respondent att besvara frågan i en internetenkät och förklaringskraft operationaliseras som förändringen i R2 som sker när respektive frågeägarskapsmått läggs till i en grundläggande regressionsmodell som modellerar sannolikheten att rösta på Socialdemokraterna, Miljöpartiet eller Moderaterna. Stick i stäv med våra antaganden kan vi inte urskilja en tydlig avvägning mellan förklaringskraft och svarstid. De olika måtten följer vår predicerade rangordning för svarstid, men följer inte våra förväntningar gällande förklaringskraft. I synnerhet måttet med sju skalsteg genererar oväntat låg förklaringskraft. När vi tar både svarstid och förklaringskraft i beaktande anser vi att måttet som efterfrågar både bra och dålig politik för respektive parti utgör en bra kombination av förklaringskraft och medelhög svarstid / kognitiv ansträngning.
|
|
