| 1. |
- Andrell, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge and attitudes to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - a cross-sectional population survey in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-5204. ; 5, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of the studyRates of bystander CPR are increasing, yet mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains high. The aim of this survey was to explore public knowledge and attitudes to CPR. Our hypotheses were that recent CPR training (< 5 years) would be associated with a high-quality response in a case vignette of OHCA with agonal breathing, and associated with an interest to become a smartphone app responder in suspected OHCA.MethodsData were collected through a web survey. Respondents (≥18 years) in Skåne County, Sweden were members of a panel created by a market research company. Data were weighted with respect to gender, age, municipalities and level of education to increase generalisability to the general population.ResultsA total of 1060 eligible answers were analysed. Seventy-six percent of non-healthcare professionals (n = 912) had participated in a CPR course at some time in life, 58 percent during the previous five years. The recommended CPR algorithm was known by 57 percent, whereas knowledge of the location of the nearest automated external defibrillator (AED) in a home environment was poor. Recent CPR training (< 5 years) did not favour high-quality response in a case vignette of OHCA with agonal breathing, but was one predictor of wanting to become a smartphone app responder.ConclusionThis study highlights possible areas of improvement in CPR training, which might improve OHCA identification and facilitate knowledge retention. The potential to recruit smartphone app responders seems promising in certain groups.
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| 2. |
- Broman, Karolina, Universitetslektor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Kemin satt i sammanhang : hur gör vi ämnet relevant för elever?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Kemi för alla. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789179299606 ; , s. 25-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att öka intresset för kemi hos elever och visa på ämnets relevans, har det visat sig viktigt att eleverna får chans att se att kemin finns i vardagen och inte enbart i klassrummet. Detta kan göras genom sammanhang, så kallade kontexter. Kontextbaserad undervisning i de naturvetenskapliga ämnena används i flera länder; i Nederländerna har man till exempel valt att helt skriva om styrdokumenten för att undervisningen ska bli kontextbaserad. Lärare och forskare har där tillsammans utvecklat kontextbaserade undervisningsmaterial. Men hur vet vi vad elever uppfattar som intressant och relevant? Vilka sammanhang kan användas för att både öka elevernas intresse samtidigt som de får lära sig viktiga kemikunskaper? Ett av ledorden för kontextbaserad undervisning är "need-to-know", vad behöver jag kunna/veta för att till exempel förstå varför någonting luktar? I denna artikel diskuterar vi utifrån forskningsperspektiv och konkreta undervisningsexempel hur gymnasiekemin kan sättas i intressanta och relevanta sammanhang. Fastän exemplen kommer från gymnasiet kan idéerna med fördel användas även på högstadiet.
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| 3. |
- Broman, Karolina, Universitetslektor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Relevant or interesting according to upper secondary students? Affective aspects of context-based chemistry problems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Research in Science & Technological Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0263-5143 .- 1470-1138. ; 40:4, s. 478-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To make students more interested and engaged in science, new teaching approaches have been developed aiming at higher order thinking. Context-based learning approaches emanate from an idea that science content knowledge should be presented in a relevant context for students to improve their learning outcomes as well as making them more engaged in science. Previous research on context-based learning approaches has shown positive results; however, researchers and teachers need to explicitly consider which aspects of the contextual settings young students perceive as interesting and relevant to improve chemistry education.Purpose: In this paper, the constructs of ‘interest’ and ‘relevance’ are explored to analyse which aspects of open-ended chemistry problems engage students. Sample and Design: Both qualitative interview data and quantitative survey data are elaborated on in three subsequent studies with Swedish upper secondary chemistry students. Students’ statements when discussing contextualisation of chemistry problems are analysed in relation to analytical frameworks to explore students’ perceived interest and relevance.Results: The results highlight the importance of connections to personal dimensions in chemistry to make students more engaged and interested in chemistry. The language of the context-based problems is also found essential as the students indicate trigger-words in the tasks influencing perceived interest and relevance. This in combination with students’ distinction between high interest as a positive feeling, and high relevance as something important or worthwhile, are important results from this study. Conclusion: From the results, conclusions are drawn to help researchers and teachers develop chemistry problems aiming for higher order thinking, but on the same time are found interesting and relevant for the students.
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| 4. |
- Christensson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Chemistry in context : analysis of thematic chemistry videos available online
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemistry Education Research and Practice. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1756-1108. ; 15:1, s. 59-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- United Nations declared 2011 to be the International Year of Chemistry. The Swedish Chemical Society chose twelve themes, one for each month, to highlight the connection of chemistry with everyday life. Examples of themes were fashion, climate change, love, sports, communication, health issues, and food. From the themes various context-based educational materials were produced. One such educational resource, connecting to students' interests, was the Chemistry Calendar. It mainly contains short videos available on YouTube (also in English). The target group for the videos was secondary school. The videos have been analysed using a research-based analysis model consisting of four fields (pure chemistry; applied chemistry; socio-chemistry; nature of chemistry). The video analysis focuses on content and discourses. For example the images of chemistry and the chemist were examined. The analysis shows that the videos have a number of clear messages that are in line with “chemical literacy”, such as chemistry is all around you, chemistry researchers look different, chemical experiments can be of very different nature, chemistry is important for society, and chemistry has historically had some downsides. The Chemistry Calendar videos are unique and could be very useful in context-based chemistry education. However, their weakness regarding critical and reflective aspects must be compensated for in chemistry teaching, for example by highlighting “excluded environmental aspects” and by placing the videos in the contexts of critical citizenship and global sustainability.
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| 5. |
- Christensson, Camilla
(författare)
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Genetic Engineering of Industrial Micro-organisms - Casein hydrolysis by the lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Xylose fermentation by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Micro-organisms are used industrially by humans, to improve production, either qualitatively or quantitatively, and to enhance profit or value. In cheese production, the starter bacteria hydrolyse casein degradation products generated by rennet. Some bitter peptides accumulate during cheese ripening, and their degradation would improve the flavour of the cheese. Plasmid pHP003 from the starter strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris HP was characterised. It was 13.4 kbp in size and harboured the gene encoding lactocepin, an endopeptidase that hydrolyses casein. The lactocepin gene was linked with a partially deleted abiB gene. Growth and milk acidification rates and lactocepin activities were assessed in strains HP, LW1484 and a HP derivative in which pHP003 had been replaced by the medium-sized (34 kbp) lactocepin plasmid from LW1484. The growth and acidification rates of the HP derivative in milk were higher than for both wild-type strains. However, wild-type HP with pHP003 exhibited significantly higher lactocepin activity than the two strains harbouring the medium-sized lactocepin plasmid. Therefore, the size of the lactocepin plasmid may be important in determining the level of proteolytic activity. Oligopeptidase O from the non-starter strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 was characterised genetically and biochemically. The pepO gene encodes a protein of 70.6 kDa, which includes the HEXXH motif present in metalloendopeptidases. The purified oligopeptidase O demonstrated a unique cleavage specificity against fragment 1-23 of as1-casein, hydrolysing bonds Pro-5-Ile-6, Lys-7-His-8, His-8-Gln-9, and Gln-9-Gly-10. The novel activity of this enzyme is likely to contribute to the degradation of bitter peptides in cheese production. For fuel-ethanol production from ligno-cellulose hydrolysate, the aim is to achieve as high an ethanol yield as possible. Therefore it is important to enable fermentation of all carbohydrates present in the raw material. Since xylose may constitute up to 23% of the dry weight of the raw material the aim was to develop xylose-fermenting strains. The effect of XKS1 over-expression was determined in two different Saccharomyces cerevisiae host strains, H158 and CEN.PK, also expressing XYL1 and XYL2 from Pichia stipitis. Fermentation was carried out in defined and complex media containing a defined sugar mixture or birch-wood ligno-cellulosic hydrolysate. XKS1 over-expression improved xylose fermentation for both strains in all types of media. However, XKS1 over-expression reduced xylose consumption. Complex medium increased xylose consumption compared with defined medium and increased the ethanol yield. The CEN.PK strain consumed more xylose but accumulated more xylitol than the H158 strain, and thus gave lower ethanol yields from consumed xylose. Therefore, the strain background is also important for generating efficient xylose-fermenting, recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To quantitatively analyse metabolic fluxes in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the metabolism of xylose/glucose mixtures a stable xylose-utilising recombinant strain, TMB 3001, was constructed. XYL1, XYL2, and XKS1 were integrated into the chromosomal his3 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The strain was stable for more than forty generations in continuous fermentation. Anaerobic ethanol formation from xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae was demonstrated for the first time. However, the strain only grew on xylose in the presence of oxygen.
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| 6. |
- Christensson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Kontextbaserad problemlösning inom ämnesområdet läkemedel
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forum för forskningsbaserad NT‐undervisning. - Linköping : LiU-Tryck, Linköping. - 9789179297206 ; , s. 49-68
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att öka intresset för kemi hos elever och visa på ämnets relevans, har det visat sig viktigt att eleverna får chans att se att kemin finns i vardagen och inte enbart i klassrummet. Detta kan göras genom att sätta kemin i ett sammanhang, så kallade kontexter. Genom erfarenheter från tidigare studier, där kontextbaserade uppgifter utvecklats, har vi utgått från 15 kontextbaserade uppgifter inom fem olika ämnesområden (läkemedel, bränsle, tvål och rengöringsmedel, energidrycker samt fetter) i tre olika sammanhang (personlig, samhällelig samt professionell kontext). Det visade sig att gymnasieelever uppfattade ämnesområdet läkemedel som både mest intressant och mest relevant, och att de föredrog att lösa uppgifter relaterade till en personlig kontext. I denna uppföljande studie har vi valt att titta närmare på och analysera hur gymnasieelever har löst dessa uppgifter inom ämnesområdet läkemedel. Vilka kemiska begrepp och resonemang använder eleverna? Hur stor roll spelar den personliga, samhälleliga respektive professionella kontexten för deras lösningar? Många elever använde kemiska begrepp och resonemang om löslighet, funktionella grupper, polaritet och olika kemiska bindningar. En del elever förde mer avancerade resonemang och använde kemiska begrepp som protolys av fenoler och resonansstruktur. Kontexterna påverkade en del elevers svar. Några elever förde kemiska resonemang som inte besvarade frågan i uppgiften, andra använde till exempel medicinska begrepp och resonemang eller drog slutsatser om miljökonsekvenser istället för att föra kemiska resonemang. Avslutningsvis diskuteras reflektioner om att använda kontextbaserade kemiuppgifter om läkemedel på gymnasiet.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Christensson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Läkemedel i undervisningen
- 2018
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet med denna text är att presentera några exempel på och idéer kring hur man kan utforma undervisning kring läkemedel.
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| 9. |
- Christensson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of inhaled budesonide: clinical manifestations of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Drug Safety. - 1179-1942. ; 31:11, s. 965-988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is central to the long-term management of asthma and is extensively used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While administration via inhalation limits systemic exposure compared with oral or injected corticosteroids and, therefore, the risk of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects, concerns over the long-term safety of ICS persist. The assessment of the long-term effects of ICS therapy requires considerable research effort over years or even decades. Surrogate markers/predictors for clinical endpoints such as adrenal crisis, reduced final height and fractures have been identified for use in relatively short-term studies. However, the predictive value of such markers remains questionable.Inhaled budesonide has been available since the early 1980s and there is a considerable evidence base investigating the safety of this agent. To assess the long-term safety of inhaled budesonide therapy in terms of the actual incidence of the clinical endpoints adrenal crisis/insufficiency, reduced final height, fractures and pregnancy complications, we undertook a review of the scientific literature. The external databases BIOSIS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Current Contents, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and MEDLINE were searched, in addition to AstraZeneca's internal product literature database Planet, up to 29 February 2008. Only original articles of epidemiological studies, national surveys, clinical trials and case reports concerning inhaled budesonide were included.Eight surveys of adrenal crisis were found. The only survey with specified criteria for diagnosis involved 2912 paediatricians and endocrinologists and revealed 33 patients with adrenal crisis associated with ICS therapy; only one patient used budesonide (in co-treatment with fluticasone propionate). In addition, 14 case reports of adrenal crisis in budesonide-treated patients were found. In only two of these, budesonide was used at recommended doses and in the absence of interacting medication.Three retrospective studies and one prospective study assessing final height were found. None of them showed any reduced final height in patients receiving inhaled budesonide during childhood or adolescence.Seventeen epidemiological studies investigating the risk of fractures were found. When adjusting for confounding factors, they did not provide any unequivocal data for an increased fracture risk with budesonide. Four prospective placebo-controlled clinical trials of 2-6 years duration with inhaled budesonide in patients with asthma or COPD were found. None of the studies identified any association between inhaled budesonide and increased risk for fractures.Four studies using data from the Swedish birth and health registries showed there was no increased risk for congenital malformations, cardiovascular defects, decreased gestational age, birth weight or birth length among infants born to women using inhaled budesonide during pregnancy compared with the general population. This was confirmed by five observational studies in Australia, Canada, Hungary, Japan and the US. Similarly, one randomized clinical trial comparing pregnancy outcomes among asthma patients receiving inhaled budesonide or placebo did not demonstrate any difference in outcome of pregnancy.In summary, based on 25 years of experience with different doses and in different populations, inhaled budesonide therapy only in very rare cases appears to be associated with an increased risk of adrenal crisis, reduction in final height, increases in the number of fractures or complications during pregnancy.
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| 10. |
- Sjöström, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Om läkemedel och läkemedelsutveckling
- 2018
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I denna text beskriver vi översiktligt några centrala fakta, begrepp och processer då det gäller läkemedel och läkemedelsutveckling. Vi beskriver även vad vi menar med läkemedelsdilemman.
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