| 1. |
- Christiansen, Mia N., et al.
(författare)
-
Age-specific Trends in Incidence, Mortality and Comorbidities of Heart Failure in Denmark 1995-2012
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322. ; 135:13, s. 1214-1223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND—: The cumulative burden and importance of cardiovascular risk factors have changed over the last decades. Specifically, obesity rates have increased among younger people, whereas cardiovascular health has improved in the elderly. Little is known regarding how these changes have impacted the incidence and the mortality rates of heart failure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the age-specific trends in the incidence and 1-year mortality rates following a first time diagnosis of heart failure in Denmark between 1995 and 2012. METHODS—: We included all Danish individuals over the age of 18 years with a first-time in-hospital diagnosis of heart failure. Data was collected from 3 nationwide Danish registries. Annual incidence rates of heart failure and 1-year standardized mortality rates were calculated under the assumption of a Poisson distribution. RESULTS—: We identified 210,430 individuals with a first-time diagnosis of heart failure between 1995 and 2012; the annual incidence rates per 10,000 person-years declined among older individuals (rates in 1995 vs. 2012: 164 vs. 115 in >74 years, 63 vs. 35 in 65-74 years, and 20 vs. 17 in 55-64 years, p<0.0001 for all) but increased among the younger (0.4 vs. 0.7 in 18-34 years, 1.3 vs. 2.0 in 35-44 years, and 5.0 vs. 6.4 in 45-54 years, p<0.0001 for all). The proportion of patients with incident heart failure below 51 years doubled from 3% in 1995 to 6% in 2012 (p<0.0001). Sex- and age-adjusted incidence rate ratios for 2012 vs. 1996 were 0.69 (95%CI 0.67-0.71; p <0.0001) among people >50 years, and 1.52 (95%CI 1.33-1.73; p<0.0001) among individuals ≤50 years; it remained essentially unchanged upon additional adjustment for diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and hypertension. Standardized 1-year mortality rates declined for middle-aged patients with heart failure but remained constant for younger (<45 years) and elderly (≥65 years). The prevalence of comorbidities (including diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation) increased, especially in younger patients with heart failure. CONCLUSIONS—: Over the last two decades, the incidence of heart failure in Denmark declined among older (>50 years), but increased among younger (≤50 years) individuals. These observations may portend a rising burden of heart failure in the community.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Christiansen, Terkel, et al.
(författare)
-
Healthcare, health and inequality in health in the Nordic countries
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Health Economics. - 1892-9729. ; Special Issue
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All five Nordic countries emphasize equal and easy access to healthcare, assuming that increased access to healthcare leads to increased health. It is the purpose of the present study to explore to which extent the populations of these countries have reached good health and a high degree of socio-economic equality in health. Each of the five countries has established extensive public health programmes, although with somewhat different measures to increase health of the populations. We compare these countries to the UK and Germany by using data from the European Social Survey for 2002 and 2012 in addition to OECD statistics for the same years. Health is measured by self-assessed health in five categories, which is transformed to a cardinal scale using Swedish time trade-off (TTO) weights. As socio-economic measures we use household income and length of education. Socio-economic inequality in health is elicited in two ways. First, we show social gradients by comparing the percentage of respondents in the lower income group reporting good or very good health to the corresponding rates in the upper income group. Second, we show concentration indices of socio-economic related inequality in health. Everything else kept equal, good health and the size of the concentration index are negatively associated by definition. In 2012, mean health, based on Swedish weights applied to all countries, is above 0.93 in all the Nordic countries and the UK, but lower in Germany. Each of the Nordic countries have introduced centrally initiated comprehensive public health programmes to increase health and reduce socio-economic inequalities in health. In general, the Nordic countries have achieved good health for their populations as well as a high degree of socioeconomic equality in health. Improvements in life-style related determinants of health are possible, however.
|
|
| 4. |
- Flygare, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
-
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis involving both jaws : report of a case including magnetic resonance correlation
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics. - : Elsevier. - 1079-2104 .- 1528-395X. ; 83:2, s. 300-305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A case of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in a 14-year-old girl is presented. The disease had an initial aggressive osteolytic appearance involving both the maxilla and the mandible. Conservative treatment with minimal surgical intervention has been successful in this case during a 2-year follow-up period. The value of magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy in this case and the cause of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is discussed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Harper, David A.T., et al.
(författare)
-
Early Cambrian brachiopod-dominated shell concentrations from North-East Greenland: Environmental and taphonomic implications
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Global and Planetary Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8181 .- 1872-6364. ; 204, s. 103560-103560
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occurrence of a series of thin but persistent early Cambrian (Cambrian Age 4) brachiopod shell concentrations extending along a transect of some 150 km in NE Greenland, indicates the ability of the group to form widespread, skeletal pavements very early in the history of the phylum, its gregarious behaviour and ability to harness available nutrients. These extensive shell pavements within the Bastion Formation mark biological events within the basin, the abundance of shells perhaps associated with oscillating redox conditions prompting the dissolution of phosphate and its spread across the shelf. The shells were subsequently reworked and deposited by episodic distal storm surges with some winnowing.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lévy, Léa, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing the remediation strategy of contaminated megasites using field-scale calibration of geo-electrical imaging with chemical monitoring
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697. ; 920
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater contamination is a threat to drinking water resources and ecosystems. Remediation by injection of chemical reagents into the aquifer may be preferred to excavation to reduce cost and environmental footprint. Yet, successful remediation requires complete contact between contamination and reagents. Subsurface heterogeneities are often responsible for diffusion into low-permeable zones, which may inhibit this contact. Monitoring the spatial distribution of injected reagents over time is crucial to achieve complete interaction. Source zone contamination at megasites is particularly challenging to remediate and monitor due to the massive scale and mixture of contaminants. Source zone remediation at Kærgård Plantation megasite (Denmark) is monitored here, with a new methodology, using high-resolution cross-borehole electrical resistivity tomography (XB-ERT) imaging calibrated by chemical analyses on groundwater samples. At this site, high levels of toxic non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) are targeted by in-situ chemical oxidation using activated persulfate. It may take numerous injection points with extensive injection campaigns to distribute reagents, which requires an understanding of how reagent may transport within the aquifer. A geophysical (XB-ERT) monitoring network of unprecedented size was installed to identify untreated zones and help manage the remediation strategy. The combination of spatially continuous geophysical information with discrete but precise chemical information, allowed detailed monitoring of sulfate distribution, produced during persulfate activation. Untreated zones identified in the first remediation campaign were resolved in the second campaign. The monitoring allowed adjusting the number of injection screens and the injection strategy from one campaign to the next, which resulted in better persulfate distribution and contaminant degradation in the second campaign. Furthermore, geophysical transects repeated over the timespan of a remediation campaign allowed high-resolution time-lapse imaging of reagent transport, which could in the future improve the predictability of transport models, compared to only using on a-priori assumptions of the hydraulic conductivity field.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Marquer, Laurent, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantifying the effects of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation in Europe
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Pergamon Press. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 171, s. 20-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early agriculture can be detected in palaeovegetation records, but quantification of the relative importance of climate and land use in influencing regional vegetation composition since the onset of agriculture is a topic that is rarely addressed. We present a novel approach that combines pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant cover with climate, anthropogenic land-cover and dynamic vegetation modelling results. This is used to quantify the relative impacts of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation at a sub-continental scale, i.e. northern and western Europe north of the Alps. We use redundancy analysis and variation partitioning to quantify the percentage of variation in vegetation composition explained by the climate and land-use variables, and Monte Carlo permutation tests to assess the statistical significance of each variable. We further use a similarity index to combine pollen based REVEALS estimates with climate-driven dynamic vegetation modelling results. The overall results indicate that climate is the major driver of vegetation when the Holocene is considered as a whole and at the sub-continental scale, although land use is important regionally. Four critical phases of land-use effects on vegetation are identified. The first phase (from 7000 to 6500 BP) corresponds to the early impacts on vegetation of farming and Neolithic forest clearance and to the dominance of climate as a driver of vegetation change. During the second phase (from 4500 to 4000 BP), land use becomes a major control of vegetation. Climate is still the principal driver, although its influence decreases gradually. The third phase (from 2000 to 1500 BP) is characterised by the continued role of climate on vegetation as a consequence of late-Holocene climate shifts and specific climate events that influence vegetation as well as land use. The last phase (from 500 to 350 BP) shows an acceleration of vegetation changes, in particular during the last century, caused by new farming practices and forestry in response to population growth and industrialization. This is a unique signature of anthropogenic impact within the Holocene but European vegetation remains climatically sensitive and thus may continue to respond to ongoing climate change. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ottesen, Gyda Lola, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA ploidy analysis in breast carcinoma. Comparison of unfixed and fixed tissue analyzed by image and flow cytometry
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histology. - 0884-6812. ; 19:5, s. 413-422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To form a methodologic basis for DNA analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma (IC) of the breast, including very small lesions, by comparison of flow cytometric (FCM) and image cytometric (ICM) methods for DNA quantitation. STUDY DESIGN: The material consisted of 41 DCIS lesions and 26 ICs. FCM DNA analysis of unfixed, frozen samples were compared to (1) FCM of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue; (2) ICM of imprints; and (3) ICM of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. RESULTS: FCM of unfixed tissue showed higher DNA measurement precision and a higher number of DNA nondiploid clones as compared to the other three methods. For the classification of DNA diploid/nondiploid cases, high concordance rates were found between the methods. Discordant cases were predominantly DNA neardiploid by FCM of unfixed tissue but DNA diploid by the other methods. The reproducibility of the DNA index (DI) was best in the interval 1.2 < DI < or = 2.2; it was 74% for FCM of fixed tissue and 79% for ICM of imprints. Clones with DI > 3 were found almost exclusively by ICM of imprints. For ICM of tissue sections, DI could not be reliably estimated. By ICM, contrary to FCM, a combined DNA diploid and nondiploid pattern was found frequently. CONCLUSION: Each of the methods has its own advantages and limitations. If possible, FCM should be combined with ICM. FCM of unfixed tissue is superior to the other methods with respect to precise DI estimation. Alternatively, FCM of fixed tissue and ICM of imprints may both give a reliable estimate of DI. ICM of tissue sections can discriminate DNA diploid from nondiploid clones, except for neardiploid subpopulations, and permits the analysis of very small lesions.
|
|
