| 1. |
- David, I., et al.
(författare)
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Blended modeling in commercial and open-source model-driven software engineering tools: A systematic study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Software and Systems Modeling. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-1366 .- 1619-1374. ; 22, s. 415-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blended modeling aims to improve the user experience of modeling activities by prioritizing the seamless interaction with models through multiple notations over the consistency of the models. Inconsistency tolerance, thus, becomes an important aspect in such settings. To understand the potential of current commercial and open-source modeling tools to support blended modeling, we have designed and carried out a systematic study. We identify challenges and opportunities in the tooling aspect of blended modeling. Specifically, we investigate the user-facing and implementation-related characteristics of existing modeling tools that already support multiple types of notations and map their support for other blended aspects, such as inconsistency tolerance, and elevated user experience. For the sake of completeness, we have conducted a multivocal study, encompassing an academic review, and grey literature review. We have reviewed nearly 5000 academic papers and nearly 1500 entries of grey literature. We have identified 133 candidate tools, and eventually selected 26 of them to represent the current spectrum of modeling tools.
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| 2. |
- Addazi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Blended graphical and textual modelling for UML profiles : A proof-of-concept implementation and experiment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domain-specific modelling languages defined by extending or constraining the Unified Modelling Language (UML) through the profiling mechanism have historically relied on graphical notations to maximise human understanding and facilitate communication among stakeholders. Other notations, such as text-, form-, or table-based are, however, often preferred for specific modelling purposes, due to the nature of a specific domain or the available tooling, or for personal preference. Currently, the state of the art support for UML-based languages provides an almost completely detached, or even entirely mutually exclusive, use of graphical and textual modelling. This becomes inadequate when dealing with the development of modern systems carried out by heterogeneous stakeholders. Our intuition is that a modelling framework based on seamless blended multi-notations can disclose several benefits, among which: flexible separation of concerns, multi-view modelling based on multiple notations, convenient text-based editing operations (inside and outside the modelling environment), and eventually faster modelling activities. In this paper we report on: (i) a proof-of-concept implementation of a framework for UML and profiles modelling using blended textual and graphical notations, and (ii) an experiment on the framework, which eventually shows that blended multi-notation modelling performs better than standard single-notation modelling.
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| 3. |
- Addazi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Executable modelling for highly parallel accelerators
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2019 ACM/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion, MODELS-C 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728151250 ; , s. 318-321
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-performance embedded computing is developing rapidly since applications in most domains require a large and increasing amount of computing power. On the hardware side, this requirement is met by the introduction of heterogeneous systems, with highly parallel accelerators that are designed to take care of the computation-heavy parts of an application. There is today a plethora of accelerator architectures, including GPUs, many-cores, FPGAs, and domain-specific architectures such as AI accelerators. They all have their own programming models, which are typically complex, low-level, and involve explicit parallelism. This yields error-prone software that puts the functional safety at risk, unacceptable for safety-critical embedded applications. In this position paper we argue that high-level executable modelling languages tailored for parallel computing can help in the software design for high performance embedded applications. In particular, we consider the data-parallel model to be a suitable candidate, since it allows very abstract parallel algorithm specifications free from race conditions. Moreover, we promote the Action Language for fUML (and thereby fUML) as suitable host language.
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| 4. |
- Addazi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Seamless Hybrid Graphical-Textual Modelling for UML and Profiles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10376. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319614816 ; , s. 20-33
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domain-specific modelling languages, in particular those described in terms of UML profiles, use graphical notations to maximise human understanding and facilitate communication among stakeholders. Nevertheless, textual notations are preferred for specific purposes, due to the nature of a specific domain, or for personal preference. The mutually exclusive use of graphical or textual modelling is not sufficient for the development of complex systems developed by large heterogeneous teams. We envision a modern modelling framework supporting seamless hybrid graphical and textual modelling. Such a framework would provide several benefits, among which: flexible separation of concerns, multi-view modelling based on multiple notations, convenient text-based editing operations, and text-based model editing outside the modelling environment, and faster modelling activities. In this paper we describe our work towards such a framework for UML and profiles. The uniqueness is that both graphical and textual modelling are done on a common persistent model resource, thus dramatically reducing the need for synchronisation among the two notations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, et al.
(författare)
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Blended Metamodeling for Seamless Development of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages across Multiple Workbenches
- 2022
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Ingår i: SysCon 2022 - 16th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665439923
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design and development of domain-specific modeling languages are crucial activities in model-driven engineering. At the core of these languages we find metamodels, i.e. descriptions of concepts and rules to combine those concepts in order to build valid models. Both in research and practice, metamodels are created and updated more or less frequently to meet certain business requirements. Although there exist several workbenches for metamodeling, some textual (e.g., JetBrains MPS) and some graphical (e.g., Eclipse Modeling Framework - EMF), it still remains a sensitive and complex task, where several stakeholders with different skill-sets need to be able to properly exchange ideas and reach agreements.To maximize the throughput of metamodeling activities, in this paper we propose a Blended Metamodeling Framework (BMF) that enables the development of metamodels through both graphical and textual (natural language) notations interchangeably, by utilizing the concepts of Natural Language Processing and model-driven engineering. The feasibility of the framework is demonstrated via the Portable test and Stimulus Standard (PSS) use case, where a DSML is developed by seamlessly blending the use of textual (natural language) and graphical (EMF) notations. Moreover, for demonstration purposes we also generate a domain-specific language structure reflecting the metamodel in JetBrains MPS.
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| 7. |
- Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, et al.
(författare)
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Blended modeling applied to the portable test and stimulus standard
- 2022
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Ingår i: ITNG 2022 19th International Conference on Information Technology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030976514 - 9783030976521
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blended modeling is an emerging trend in Model-Driven Engineering for complex systems. It enables the modeling of diverse system-related aspects through multiple editing notations seamlessly, interchangeably, and collaboratively. Blended modeling is expected to significantly improve productivity and user-experience for multiple stakeholders. Case-specific solutions providing blended modeling, to a certain extent, for domain specific languages have been provided in the last few years. Nevertheless, a generic and language-agnostic full-fledged blended modeling framework has not been proposed yet.In this paper, we propose a comprehensive and generic blended modeling framework prototype that provides automated mechanism to generate graphical and textual notations from a given domain-specific modeling language. Moreover, it offers a flexible editor to get expert’s feedback on the mapping between graphical and textual notations. The proposed prototype is validated through a proof-of-concept on the Portable test and Stimulus Standard use-case. Our initial results indicate that the proposed framework is capable of being applied in different application scenarios and dealing with multiple domain-specific modeling standards.
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| 8. |
- Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling Blended Modelling of Timing and Variability in EAST-ADL
- 2023
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Ingår i: SLE - Proc. ACM SIGPLAN Int. Conf. Softw. Lang. Eng., Co-located: SPLASH. - : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. - 9798400703966 ; , s. 169-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- EAST-ADL is a domain-specific modelling language for the design and analysis of vehicular embedded systems. Seamless modelling through multiple concrete syntaxes for the same language, known as blended modelling, offers enhanced modelling flexibility to boost collaboration, lower modelling time, and maximise the productivity of multiple diverse stakeholders involved in the development of complex systems, such as those in the automotive domain. Together with our industrial partner, which is one of the leading contributors to the definition of EAST-ADL and one of its main end-users, we provided prototypical blended modelling features for EAST-ADL. In this article, we report on our language engineering work towards the provision of blended modelling for EAST-ADL to support seamless graphical and textual notations. Notably, for selected portions of the EAST-ADL language (i.e., timing and variability packages), we introduce ad-hoc textual concrete syntaxes to represent the language's abstract syntax in alternative textual notations, preserving the language's semantics. Furthermore, we propose a full-fledged runtime synchronisation mechanism, based on the standard EAXML schema format, to achieve seamless change propagation across the two notations. As EAXML serves as a central synchronisation point, the proposed blended modelling approach is workable with most existing EAST-ADL tools. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a car wiper use case from our industrial partner - Volvo. Results indicate that the proposed blended modelling approach is effective and can be applied to other EAST-ADL packages and supporting tools.
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| 9. |
- Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, et al.
(författare)
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Timing-Aware Variability Resolution in EAST-ADL Product Line Architecture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9798350344172 ; , s. 473-482
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product line architectures play a vital role in the automotive industry in supporting cross-product development involving several hardware and software variation points for different vehicle variants. The effective resolution of multiple variation points for the generation of valid variants is complex, especially when dealing with both software and hardware components implying timing constraints, simultaneously. EAST-ADL is a well-known domain-specific modelling language supporting cross-product development using different levels of abstraction. Furthermore, it offers timing extensions to perform system and component-level timing verification. In this article, we propose an EAST-ADL-compliant and timing-Aware variability resolution approach to generate valid product variants effectively. The method relies on existing EAST-ADL product line architecture for system modelling, where several variation points at different levels of abstraction are identified. We propose a variability resolution algorithm where several configuration decisions, starting from the topmost vehicle level down to the design level, are incor-porated for seamless variability resolution. Furthermore, timing decisions based on analysis and design prototypes are provided to generate variant-specific timing constraints. The approach is validated on the car wiper use case provided by our industrial partner, Volvo, an international original equipment manufacturer in the automotive domain. In the use case, three product variants comprising a full system model with associated timing constraints are generated successfully. The results show the feasibility of the proposed approach and indicate its effectiveness in managing timing-Aware product variants.
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| 10. |
- Bosnić, Ivana, et al.
(författare)
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Managing diversity in distributed software development education-A longitudinal case study
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Computing Education. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1946-6226. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teaching Distributed Software Development with real distributed settings is a challenging and rewarding task. Distributed courses are idiosyncratically more challenging than standard local courses. We have experienced this during our distributed course, which has been run for 14 consecutive years. In this article, we present and analyze the emerging diversities specific to distributed project-based courses. We base our arguments on our experience, and we exploit a three-layered distributed course model, which we use to analyze several course elements throughout the 14-years lifetime of our distributed project-based course. In particular, we focus on the changes that the course underwent throughout the years, combining findings obtained from the analyzed data with our own teaching perceptions. Additionally, we propose insights on how to manage the various diversity aspects.
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