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- Cillekens, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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O7-1 The association of occupational and leisure time physical activity with all-cause mortality. Using an individual participant dataset (N = 634,131)
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford Academic. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:Suppl2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPhysical activity is a key determinant for health and considered as an important factor in the prevention of lifestyle related-diseases. All physical activity domains are generally considered to be health enhancing. However, accumulating evidence in recent years suggests that occupational physical activity may not have the same beneficial health effect as leisure time physical activity. Our aim was to assess the association of occupational and leisure time physical activity and all-cause mortality.MethodsWe obtained individual participant data from published and unpublished cohort studies and assessed their risk of bias. We harmonized the data, and used Cox survival regression models to assess the association between occupational and leisure time physical activity with all-cause mortality, in a two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis. Different models were performed to assess the impact of relevant confounders including behavioral, health-related and socio-economic factors. Results of the data were reported with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsData from 22 prospective cohort studies showed that male workers with high occupational physical activity had an increased risk of all-cause mortality in comparison with sedentary occupational physical activity (HR: 1.12, 95%CI: 1.03- 1.23). For female workers, no such association was found (HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.85-1.19). when comparing high with sedentary occupational physical activity.Increasing levels of leisure time physical activity were inversely and dose-dependently associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. For example, high compared with sedentary leisure time physical activity was associated with reduced risks for males (HR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.36-0.79) and for females (HR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.79).All associations remained robust when adjusting for additional relevant confounders, leaving one study out analysis, and when assessing the role of bias and reverse causality.ConclusionWe consistently found a reduced risk of all-cause mortality with increasing levels of leisure time physical activity, but not for occupational physical activity. These findings indicate that occupational activity may not be health-enhancing. These findings suggest that occupational physical activity may not be considered a suitable substitute to leisure time physical activity when striving for health enhancement.
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| 2. |
- Gupta, Nidhi, et al.
(författare)
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P09-08 24-Hour Physical Behavior Balance for Better Health for All: “The Sweet-Spot Hypothesis”
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford Academic. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:Suppl2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background'Sit less-move more' has been a common advice to improve health of adults. Research indicates that this advice might be health enhancing among adults with sedentary occupations but not among adults with physically active occupations such as cleaners. This may be explained by the considerable differences in 24-h physical behaviors between adults in sedentary and physically active occupations. To provide a scientific approach and encourage research on 24-h physical behaviors and health for those in physically active occupations, we recently proposed the ‘Sweet-Spot Hypothesis'. The hypothesis postulated that the ‘Sweet-Spot' of 24-h physical behaviors for better health differs between adults, depending on their occupation.MethodsTo exemplify such hypothesis, we tested the cross-sectional association between 24-hour time composition of physical behaviors measured using thigh-based accelerometry and self-rated health among adults engaged in white-collar (n = 136), manufacturing (n = 481) and cleaning (n = 130) occupations.ResultsWe found that the sweet spot of 24-h physical behaviors for better health was far from ‘sit less-move more' zone among adults with physically active occupations. Specifically, among white-collar workers, 24-h physical behavior distribution associated with the best 5% of self-rated health comprised about 30% of the day spent on sedentary behavior, 45% spent actively, and 25% spent on sleep. However, among cleaners, this distribution was about 50% spent sedentary, 15% spent actively, and 35% on sleep and in manufacturing sector, this distribution was about 35% spent sedentary, 35% spent actively, and 30% spent on sleep.ConclusionThe advice ‘sit less-move more' may not bring adults in physically active occupations toward their ‘Sweet-Spot' of 24-h physical behaviors for better health. To promote health for all and reduce social gradient, we see a great need for empirically testing the ‘Sweet-Spot Hypothesis' with high-quality data and strong study design. We hope that the proposal of testing ‘Sweet-Spot Hypothesis' will encourage discussion, debates, and empirical research to expand our collective knowledge about the healthy ‘24-h physical behavior balance' for all.
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| 3. |
- Hallman, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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P04-10 The Physical activity health paradox - what do we know about physiological mechanisms? (editorial)
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford Academic. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:Suppl2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is strong and consistent evidence that leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) improves cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Less is known about health effects of occupational physical activity (OPA), and results are not in favor of a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. Several large-scale prospective studies have found that high occupational physical activity (OPA) is associated with detrimental or no effects on cardiovascular health and mortality. These contrasting associations with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for LTPA and OPA have coined ‘The Physical activity health paradox'. Although the underlying physiological mechanisms are not established, a theoretical framework was proposed by Holtermann and colleagues (2018). This framework suggests that due to the nature of OPA (i.e. low intensity, long duration, constrained postures, and limited recovery), it may not result in healthy adaptation to the same extent as LTPA, or even lead to unhealthy responses, such as elevated 24-hour heart rate and blood pressure and increased inflammation. Drawing on theoretical models and empirical findings, the aim is to summarize the literature regarding potential physiological mediators of the physical activity health paradox. This also includes a brief summary of our own research based on accelerometer measurements of physical activity with cardiovascular regulation assessed by heart rate and blood pressure in workers with low occupational class and manual work.
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