| 1. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
-
WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Singh, Gerald G., et al.
(författare)
-
Climate impacts on the ocean are making the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target travelling away from us
- 2019
-
Ingår i: People and Nature. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2575-8314. ; 1:3, s. 317-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ways, which can directly hinder our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), set out under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Through expert elicitation and a literature review, we find that most climate change effects have a wide variety of negative consequences across marine ecosystem services, though most studies have highlighted impacts from warming and consequences of marine species.Climate change is expected to negatively influence marine ecosystem services through global stressors—such as ocean warming and acidification—but also by amplifying local and regional stressors such as freshwater runoff and pollution load.Experts indicated that all SDGs would be overwhelmingly negatively affected by these climate impacts on marine ecosystem services, with eliminating hunger being among the most directly negatively affected SDG.Despite these challenges, the SDGs aiming to transform our consumption and production practices and develop clean energy systems are found to be least affected by marine climate impacts. These findings represent a strategic point of entry for countries to achieve sustainable development, given that these two goals are relatively robust to climate impacts and that they are important pre-requisite for other SDGs.Our results suggest that climate change impacts on marine ecosystems are set to make the SDGs a moving target travelling away from us. Effective and urgent action towards sustainable development, including mitigating and adapting to climate impacts on marine systems are important to achieve the SDGs, but the longer this action stalls the more distant these goals will become.
|
|
| 3. |
- Käll, Sofia, 1987-
(författare)
-
Reeling in private governance approaches for sustainable fisheries : A study of Fishery Improvement Projects
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In response to the global fisheries crisis new governance models have been developed. In this thesis, I study one such model, Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs), that have increased in numbers and importance globally, yet received little scientific attention. Alongside seafood certifications schemes, FIPs have been developed to meet the growing demand for sustainable seafood. By employing a multi-stakeholder approach, these projects aim to use the power of the private sector to improve fishery management and fishing practices. However, processes within these projects, and how they function as an instrument of change to improve fisheries, have been particularly understudied. This thesis explores the potential benefits and challenges of FIPs as a private governance approach for achieving sustainable fisheries. Paper I presents the first global systematic description of FIPs governance processes by examining reported actions, the actors involved, and their achievements. It reveals that FIPs have influenced both governmental policy (e.g., through management plans and new governmental management bodies) and industry-led practices (e.g., traceability programs and gear changes). It also demonstrates that FIPs include a diversity of actors, although fishers and retailers are relatively absent in FIP actions. The paper proposes that FIP actions and outputs can be categorized as either complementary or reinforcing of state regulations. Paper II contributes with an in-depth case study of the blue swimming crab FIP in Indonesia. By using the lens of institutional entrepreneurship, the study provides a historical analysis of the value chain from village fishers in Indonesia to importers in the US. It describes the entrepreneurship behind the FIP’s establishment and its institutional interventions, as well as addresses why these have been unsuccessful in changing behaviours of fishers and traders to increase the ecological sustainability. The paper expands on the theoretical understanding of institutional entrepreneurship. Paper III presents an overview of how fishers participate in FIPs based on data from FIP implementers world-wide. Fishers are mostly involved in data collection efforts and less involved in developing FIP workplans and objectives indicating that they are not involved in the early development process of the FIP. The lack of overall benefits for fishers together with limited capacity and skills within projects were identified as the main barriers to have meaningful fishers' participation, flagging some critical challenges for the FIP model. Finally, Paper IV uses a literature review of the social embeddedness theory within fisheries literature to explore how social context influences economic actions in fisheries trade. The paper emphasizes the importance of how social identity (e.g., ethnicity) shapes market access and how the level of (dis)trust between actors impacts trade strategies. It discusses the implications of these findings for research and implementation of FIPs and other market-based interventions. Together, these four papers contribute with novel empirically grounded understandings of FIPs, which is relevant for the growing literature around private governance as well as for the global community of practice within the sustainable seafood movement. These papers provide important insights into the ongoing debate about effective governance approaches for improving the sustainability of fisheries for both people and ecosystems.
|
|
| 4. |
- Pauly, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
China's distant-water fisheries in the 21st century
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 15:3, s. 474-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conservatively estimate the distant-water fleet catch of the People's Republic of China for 2000-2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified Monte Carlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that China, which over-reports its domestic catch, substantially under-reports the catch of its distant-water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year(-1) (95% central distribution, 3.4-6.1 million t year(-1)) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t year(-1) reported by China to FAO), corresponds to an ex-vessel landed value of 8.93 billion year(-1) (95% central distribution, 6.3-12.3 billion). Chinese distant-water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year(-1), 95% central distribution, 2.0-4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year(-1), 0.56-1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year(-1), 144 000-262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year-1, 94 000299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year(-1), 8 000-129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.
|
|
