| 1. |
- Polaczek, M., et al.
(författare)
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Morphology and morphometry of pulmonary veins and the left atrium in multi-slice computed tomography
- 2019
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Ingår i: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-1038 .- 1279-8517. ; 41:7, s. 721-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposePulmonary veins are involved in pathogenesis and treatment of atrial fibrillation and structures at risk during thoracic surgeries. There is lack of data regarding pulmonary vein morphology and morphometry in normal population.MethodsThe study was conducted using 135 chest computed tomography studies with intra-venous iodine contrast injection. The study population contained 86 females and 49 males, mean age was 60. 13 had atrial fibrillation.The studies were analyzed using radiological workstation.ResultsMean dimensions of the left atrium: transverse 52mm, coronal 49mm, and sagittal 35mm. The mean volume of the left atrium was 93cm(3). The mean volume of the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation was 176cm(3). The sagittal dimension and the volume of the left atrium were correlated with age, r=0.43 and r=0.42, respectively. Surface area of the left inferior pulmonary vein ostium was 136mm(2), significantly less than the surface area of other ostia of pulmonary veins. The mean distance between two pulmonary veins was 5.42mm on the right and 4.02mm on the left side. 13 types of pulmonary veins outflow patterns were described on the right side and 5 types on the left side. 66.7% of right pulmonary veins and 82% of the left pulmonary veins emptied into the left atrium with two venous trunks on each side (the typical pattern).ConclusionsMorphological features of pulmonary veins and morphometry of the left atrium and pulmonary veins are important for clinical purposes and are in accordance with previous papers.
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| 2. |
- Sawosz, P., et al.
(författare)
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Human skull translucency : post mortem studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biomedical Optics Express. - 2156-7085. ; 7:12, s. 5010-5020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of optical translucency of human skulls were carried out. An incandescent light source and a CCD camera were used to measure the distribution of light transmitted through the skull in 10 subjects post-mortem. We noticed that intra-individual differences in optical translucency may be up to 100 times but inter-individual translucency differences across the skull reach 105 times. Based on the measurement results, a "theoretical" experiment was simulated. Monte-Carlo calculations were used in order to evaluate the influence of the differences in optical translucency of the skull on results of NIRS measurements. In these calculations a functional stimulation was done, in which the oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in the brain cortex change by 5 mu M and -5 mu M respectively. The maximal discrepancies between assumed hemoglobin concentration changes and hemoglobin concentration changes estimated with Monte-Carlo simulation may reach 50% depending of the translucency of the skull.
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| 3. |
- Szaro, Pavel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus. Part 1: Anatomical considerations, magnetic resonance techniques, and non-traumatic lesions
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Radiology Open (EJR Open). - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0477. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of non-traumatic brachial plexus (BP) lesions, sequences with contrast injection should be considered in the differentiation between tumors, infection, postoperative conditions, and post-radiation changes. The most common non-traumatic inflammatory BP neuropathy is radiation neuropathy. T2-weighted images may help to distinguish neoplastic infiltration showing a high signal from radiation-induced neuropathy with fibrosis presenting a low signal. MRI findings in inflammatory BP neuropathy are usually absent or discrete. Diffuse edema of the BP localized mainly in the supraclavicular part of BP, with side-to-side differences, and shoulder muscle denervation may be found on MRI. BP infection is caused by direct infiltration from septic arthritis of the shoulder joint, spondylodiscitis, or lung empyema. MRI may help to narrow down the list of differential diagnoses of tumors. The most common tumor of BP is metastasis. The most common primary tumor of BP is neurofibroma, which is visible as fusiform thickening of a nerve. In its solitary state, it may be challenging to differentiate from a schwannoma. The most common MRI finding is a neurogenic variant of thoracic outlet syndrome with an asymmetry of signal and thickness of the BP with edema. In abduction, a loss of fat directly related to the BP may be seen. Diffusion tensor imaging is a promising novel MRI sequences; however, the small diameter of the nerves contributing to the BP and susceptibility to artifacts may be challenging in obtaining sufficiently high-quality images.
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| 4. |
- Szaro, Pavel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus. Part 2: Traumatic injuries
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Radiology Open (EJR Open). - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0477. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most common indications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brachial plexus (BP) are traumatic injuries. The role of MRI of the BP has increased because of recent trends favoring earlier surgery. Determining preganglionic vs. postganglionic injury is essential, as different treatment strategies are required. Thus, MRI of the BP should be supplemented with cervical spine MRI to assess the intradural part of the spinal nerves, including highly T2-weighted techniques. Acute preganglionic injuries usually manifest as various combinations of post-traumatic pseudomeningocele, the absence of roots, deformity of nerve root sleeves, displacement of the spinal cord, hemorrhage in the spinal canal, presence of scars in the spinal canal, denervation of the back muscles, and syrinx. Spinal nerve root absence is more specific than pseudomeningocele on MRI. Acute postganglionic injuries can present as lesions in continuity or tears. The following signs indicate injury to the BP: side-to-side difference, swelling, partial, or total BP rupture. Injury patterns and localization are associated with the mechanism of trauma, which implies a significant role for MRI in the work-up of patients. The identification and description of traumatic lesions involving the brachial plexus need to be systematic and detailed. Using an appropriate MRI protocol, obtaining details about the injury, applying a systematic anatomical approach, and correlating imaging findings to relevant clinical data to make a correct diagnosis. Information about the presence or suspicion of root avulsion should always be provided.
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| 5. |
- Szaro, Pavel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The double fascicular variations of the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament correlate with interconnections between lateral ankle structures revealed on magnetic resonance imaging
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament are the most commonly injured ankle ligaments. This study aimed to investigate if the double fascicular anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament are associated with the presence of interconnections between those two ligaments and connections with non-ligamentous structures. A retrospective re-evaluation of 198 magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the ankle joint was conducted. The correlation between the double fascicular anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament and connections with the superior peroneal retinaculum, the peroneal tendon sheath, the tibiofibular ligaments, and the inferior extensor retinaculum was studied. The relationships between the anterior talofibular ligament's and the calcaneofibular ligament's diameters with the presence of connections were investigated. Most of the connections were visible in a group of double fascicular ligaments. Most often, one was between the anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament (74.7%). Statistically significant differences between groups of single and double fascicular ligaments were visible in groups of connections between the anterior talofibular ligament and the peroneal tendon sheath (p<0.001) as well as the calcaneofibular ligament and the posterior tibiofibular ligament (p<0.05), superior peroneal retinaculum (p<0.001), and peroneal tendon sheath (p<0.001). Differences between the thickness of the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament (p<0.001), the diameter of the fibular insertion of the anterior talofibular ligament (p<0.001), the diameter of calcaneal attachment of the calcaneofibular ligament (p<0.05), and tibiocalcaneal angle (p<0.01) were statistically significant. The presence of the double fascicular anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament fascicles correlate with connections to adjacent structures.
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| 6. |
- Szaro, Pavel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The twisted structure of the fetal calcaneal tendon is already visible in the second trimester
- 2021
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Ingår i: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-1038 .- 1279-8517. ; 43:7, s. 1075-1082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The progress in morphological science results from the greater possibilities of intra-pubic diagnosis and treatment of congenital disabilities, including the motor system. However, the structure and macroscopic development of the calcaneal tendon have not been investigated in detail. Studies on the adult calcaneal tendon showed that the calcaneal tendon is composed of twisted subtendons. This study aimed to investigate the internal structure of the fetal calcaneal tendon in the second trimester. Materials and methods Thirty-six fetuses fixed in 10% formaldehyde were dissected using the layer-by-layer method and a surgical microscope. Results The twisted structure of the calcaneal tendon was revealed in all specimens. The posterior layer of the calcaneal tendon is formed by the subtendon from the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, the anterior layer is formed by the subtendon from the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The subtendon from the soleus muscle constitutes the anteromedial outline of the calcaneal tendon. The lateral outline of the calcaneal tendon is formed by the subtendon originating from the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, the medial outline is formed by the subtendon from the soleus muscle. In most of the examined limbs, the plantaris tendon attached to the tuber calcanei was not directly connected to the calcaneal tendon. Conclusions The twisted structure of the subtendons of the fetal calcaneal tendon is already visible in the second trimester and is similar to that seen in adults.
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| 7. |
- Wisniewski, K., et al.
(författare)
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Overlapping stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and dentato-rubro-thalamic tract in Parkinson's disease after deep brain stimulation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 166:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) reduces tremor, rigidity, and akinesia. According to the literature, the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTt) is verified target for DBS in essential tremor; however, its role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is only vaguely described. The aim of our study was to identify the relationship between symptom alleviation in PD patients and the distance of the DBS electrode electric field (EF) to the DRTt.MethodsA single-center retrospective analysis of patients (N = 30) with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) who underwent DBS between November 2018 and January 2020 was performed. DRTt and STN were visualized using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and tractography protocol of magnetic resonance (MR). The EF was calculated and compared with STN and course of DRTt. Evaluation of patients before and after surgery was performed with use of UPDRS-III scale. The association between distance from EF to DRTt and clinical outcomes was examined. To confirm the anatomical variation between DRTt and STN observed in tractography, white matter dissection was performed with the Klingler technique on ten human brains.ResultsPatients with EF overlapping STN and DRTt benefited from significant motor symptoms improvement. Anatomical findings confirmed the presence of population differences in variability of the DRTt course and were consistent with the DRTt visualized by MR.ConclusionsDRTt proximity to STN, the main target in PD DBS surgery, confirmed by DWI with tractography protocol of MR combined with proper predefined stimulation parameters may improve efficacy of DBS-STN.
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