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| 2. |
- Bäfver, Linda S, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Particle emission from combustion of oat grain and its potential reduction by addition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Fuel Processing Technology. - 0378-3820. ; 90:3, s. 353-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second-rate cereals, unsuitable for food, can be used as fuel for small-scale production of heat and hot water.However, there are more problems related to cereals than to woody fuels. This work aims at characterisingthe particle emission from residential combustion of oat grain and its potential reduction by addition oflimestone or kaolin with the fuel. Then, to a large extent, the potassium supplied by the fuel is expected to befound in coarse particles, leaving the boiler as bottom ash, instead of being emitted to the air in the form ofsubmicron particles. Combustion experiments were performed on a residential boiler, using filter samplingand low-pressure impactors to measure the mass and number concentrations and size distributions of theemitted particles. The particles and the bottom ash were subsequently analysed for inorganic material. Tocheck the combustion conditions and basic emissions from combustion of cereals, the flue gas was analysedwith respect to gaseous O2, CO2, CO, NOx, TOC (total organic carbon), HCl and SO2. Furthermore,thermodynamic equilibrium analysis was used to support the experimental data. Finally, it is concluded thatthe particle emission can be lowered by supplying kaolin, while there was no effect of limestone.© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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| 3. |
- Claesson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Annual variation in elemental, dioxin and PCB content within Swedish waste fuels : results from two plants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings Sardinia 2009, Twelfth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy; 5-9 October 2009. ; , s. 347-348
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports on the annual variation of the composition of waste fuels fed to two different Waste to Energy (WtE) plants in Sweden. Twelve waste fuel samples from one year of sampling in each plant were analysed with Ion Chromatography and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy to study the variation of elements within and between the fuels of the two different plants and also to investigate any seasonal variations. The ultimate analyses show that the composition was rather similar throughout the sampling period for both plants, respectively. However, there was a larger variation in the content of ash forming elements within and between the plants. Trace metals, present in low concentrations, showed the widest relative variation. The samples were also analysed for dioxin and PCB content. The reported average value for all samples is 29 ± 15 ng I-TEQ dioxin per kilo dry waste. The calculated toxicity of twelve PCB congeners, reported as WHO-PCB, is less or close to the detection limit < 0.02 μg PCB WHO-TEQ per kilo dry waste.
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| 4. |
- Claesson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical characterization of waste fuel for fluidized bed combustion
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combustible waste is very heterogeneous and the variation in chemical composition is of great significance for the performance of the combustors in terms of boiler availability and power efficiency. For example, the content of alkali, Chlorine and sulfur affect agglomeration, fouling and corrosion mechanisms, which often limits the steam data and requires counteracts such as soot blowing and outages. An increased knowledge on favorable levels and ratios of fuel components are therefore highly important when developing waste combustors, both existing and future. However, to be able to make good predictions of reactions, reliable fuel analyses are a necessity and they are difficult to perform because of the heterogeneity of waste. As a consequence, it is also difficult to complete pro-active measure to reduce unwanted reactions. This work has investigated the composition of the fuel during one year in a 40 MW commercial BFB waste plant. Twelve samples have been performed in order to estimate the variation of key components. The fuel samples were analyzed chemically for alkali and several other components of interest, such as Cl and S. Moreover, thermo-chemical multi-phase equilibrium calculations were performed for prediction of the chemical composition of the furnace in the temperature range 400-1000 ºC. In this temperature range NaCl and PbClx are formed as well as gas phase HCl and solid silicates. Furthermore, the calculations show that the chemistry is very sensitive to the input chemical composition, suggesting that already a minor shift in fuel mineral matter may change the behavior of the fuel radically in terms of its fouling and corrosion tendency.
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| 5. |
- Claesson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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In-transit distribution as a strategy in a global distribution system
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1756-6517 .- 1756-6525. ; 3:2, s. 198-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution has become a key factor in today's logistics system due to companies' desires to achieve considerable economies of scale in production, achieved by focused factories, as well as customers' demands for shorter lead-times and customer adapted products. The purpose of this research is to investigate if the in-transit distribution strategy may offer companies a competitive advantage and may be used as a complement to the centralised distribution strategy and/or the decentralised distribution strategy. This study shows that the in-transit distribution strategy can give major competitive advantages by offering rather short lead-times for customers without having to store products locally in warehouses. This, in turn, gives lower warehousing costs, lower tied-up capital, a less interrupted manufacturing, and steady and continuous production volumes. In order to be successful with this strategy, it takes good planning, working closely with customers, good market knowledge, and an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that is able to support the strategy sufficiently. Among these factors, low variation in demand as well as manufacturing output is required, and furthermore distribution lead time needs to be predictable.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Claesson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Supply Chain Planning in Automotive Sector : Swedish Case Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Conradi Research Review. - : Vaasa University of Applied Sciences. - 1459-0980. ; 6:2, s. 33-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research aims to enhance the current level of knowledge from supply chain planning (SCP) by analyzing the importance of collaboration, information exchange and a supporting information system in its successful execution. These are examined through a case study from international manufacturing company, which operates in automotive industry with its global manufacturing network. Research reveals that collaboration is a complex and important issue of SCP, and occurs simultaneously in vertical and horizontal dimensions. It is important to select strategic partners and to develop a structured work processes and routines. The main objective of collaboration is to determine common goals and objectives and to facilitate the exchange of information; these together drive the performance of a supply chain higher. A sufficient information system supporting the SCP is vital to facilitate collaboration, and information exchange between the different supply chain participants. However, currently in the case company quite many phases of SCP are completed without appropriate and integrated information systems and the process itself contains several manual phases.
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| 8. |
- Han, Hongya, et al.
(författare)
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Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 is a regulator of dendritic-cell spreading and podosome formation
- 2017
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 31:2, s. 491-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendritic cells (DCs) involved in proinflammatory immune responses derive mainly from peripheral monocytes, and the cells subsequently mature and migrate into the inflammatory micromilieu. Here we report that suppressing of 15-lipoxygenase-1 led to a substantial reduction in DC spreading and podosome formation in vitro. The surface expression of CD83 was significantly lower in both sh-15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1)-transduced cells and DCs cultivated in the presence of a novel specific 15-LOX-1 inhibitor. The T-cell response against tetanus-pulsed DCs was only affected to a minor extent on inhibition of 15-LOX-1. In contrast, endocytosis and migration ability of DCs were significantly suppressed on 15-LOX-1 inhibition. The expression of 15-LOX-1 in DCs was also demonstrated in affected human skin in atopic and contact dermatitis, showing that the enzyme is indeed expressed in inflammatory diseases in vivo. This study demonstrated that inhibiting 15-LOX-1 led to an impaired podosome formation in DCs, and consequently suppressed antigen uptake and migration capacity. These results indicated that 15-LOX-1 is a potential target for inhibiting the trafficking of DCs to lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues and decreasing the inflammatory response attenuating symptoms of certain immunologic and inflammatory disorders such as dermatitis.-Han, H., Liang, X., Ekberg, M., Kritikou, J. S., Brunnstro " m, angstrom., Pelcman, B., Matl, M., Miao, X., Andersson, M., Yuan, X., Schain, F., Parvin, S., Melin, E., Sjoberg, J., Xu, D., Westerberg, L. S., Bjorkholm, M., Claesson, H.- E. Human 15-lipoxygenase- 1 is a regulator of dendritic-cell spreading and podosome formation.
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| 9. |
- Hilletofth, Per, et al.
(författare)
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In-transit distribution strategy : solution for European factory competitiveness?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Industrial management & data systems. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0263-5577 .- 1758-5783. ; 111:1-2, s. 20-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Research work describes in-transit distribution strategy by determining and analyzing key principles of it as well as by illustrating its application in practice. Emphasis on in-transit distribution strategy is to turn transportation pipeline as a mobile inventory holding place, and actively dispatching goods to a destination, where there is a predicted demand before any customer orders are actually received. The use of this strategy is supported by current trade flows: emerging market trade has increased considerably, but simultaneously Swedish export prices, for example, have significantly decreased. The paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approach – In-transit strategy is examined through a multiple case study from industrial companies having main factory operations in Sweden as well as using a system dynamics simulation model, and Monte Carlo analysis. These are supported by the second hand data of trade flows between Sweden, and India and China.Findings – In order to be successful with in-transit strategy, the case studies show that excellent planning, working closely with customers, first-class market knowledge, and an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that is able to support the process sufficiently are required. Other highlighted requirements of this strategy are low variation in demand, and predictable distribution lead-time. Simulation study of one hypothetical product group verified case study findings, but the authors find it interesting that manufacturing output variance especially is very sensitive regarding to the overall results. If variation increases, then in-transit strategy is not able to deliver for customers with the necessary accuracy. Also increasing average customer demand, and longer transportation delays lead to undesired outcomes (e.g. too much inventory or out of stock situations).Research limitations/implications – The case study and second hand analysis is limited to one country, and further evidence is needed from other European, and possibly North American companies, to verify these findings.Originality/value – There has been a rather limited amount of research works completed from the use of in-transit strategy, even if increased trade activity and lower price of exported items is that of the old west in their exports to emerging markets, and continues to be so in the future (was even strong to China during credit crunch year 2009). Our research is seminal in terms of a developed system dynamics simulation model.
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| 10. |
- Hilletofth, Per, et al.
(författare)
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In-Transit Distribution Strategy : Hope for European Factories?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Rapid Modelling and Quick Response. - London : Springer London. - 9781849965248 - 9781849965255 ; , s. 249-261
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research the in-transit distribution strategy is investigated by determining and analyzing key principles of the strategy. It is examined through a multiple case study and simulation. This research reveals that the in-transit distribution strategy is about considering goods that are being transported as a mobile inventory and actively dispatching goods to a destination, where there is a predicted demand before any customer orders are received. It can give major competitive advantages by offering rather short lead-times for customers without having to store products locally. This, in turn, gives lower warehousing costs, lower tied-up capital, a less interrupted manufacturing, and steady as well as continous production volumes. It is a workable solution for European manufactures competing in distant market. To be successful with this strategy, it takes good planning, working closely with customers, first-class market kowledge, and a supporting enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Other highlighted requirements are low variation in demand and predictable distribution lead-time. Simulation study of one hypothetical product group verified case study findings, but we find it interesting that especially manufacturing output variance is very sensitive regarding the overall results. Also increasing average customer demand results in undesired outcomes.
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