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- Backhaus, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal isolates from a region in south-west Sweden 1998-2001.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:1, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasive disease caused by antibiotic resistant pneumococci is a worldwide problem. All invasive pneumococcal strains in an area of south-west Sweden with 1.7 million inhabitants were collected prospectively during 1998-2001. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test and correlated to serotypes and clinical characteristics. Of 827 strains, 744 (90%) were susceptible (S) to all agents tested and 83 (10%) were indeterminate (I) or resistant (R) to at least 1 agent. 22 isolates (2.7%) were I to penicillin (MIC >0.06 to < or = 1.0 mg/l), but none were R (MIC >1.0 mg/l). Numbers and proportions of decreased susceptibility against other agents tested were as follows: erythromycin R: 30 (3.6%), clindamycin R: 6 (0.7%), tetracycline R: 16 (1.9%), moxifloxacin R: 1 (0.1%), cotrimoxazole I: 17 (2%) and R: 31(4%). Non-susceptibility to at least 1 agent was not correlated with age, clinical manifestation, underlying diseases and outcome. The serotype distribution differed between non-susceptible and susceptible strains. The serotypes in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covered 42% of all infections and 73% of those caused by non-susceptible strains. In conclusion, the impact of antibiotic resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease remains limited in south-west Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of How the Noise Level Depends on Different Activities in a Child Day-Care Center
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In child day-care centers the noise level can rise to high levels and in some cases become so high that the people present risk hearing damage. The purpose of this investigation was to study how the noise level depends on the different activities during the day. The study was performed at a child day-care center and 6 children and 5 adult female teachers participated. The participants had a microphone attached next to the ear connected to a wearable digital recorder. A total of 32.5 hours of data was recorded. By listening tests the recorded data could be sorted by activity and by number of people present in the same room as the test subject. Activities were classified as belonging to one of the following: outdoor activity, indoor play, singing, storytelling and gathering. Further, by listening, the data was classified in small group/large group (3 or less/more than 3). The results show that the average noise level (LAeq) for outdoor activity was the highest and was measured to 88.1 dBA (average over 7h52min). Singing was 81.5 dBA (1h26min), indoor play 81.3 dBA (19h21min), storytelling 76.6 dBA (1h09min) and gathering 75.0 dBA (2h44min). The noise level difference between all activities except between singing and indoor play and gathering and storytelling could be verified using t-test (p<0.001). Further, the results showed that the average noise level was 86.6 dBA (14h11min) for the large group and 79.6 dBA (18h21min) for the small group. This difference, of 7.0 dB was statistically validated (p<0.001) using t-test.
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| 5. |
- Borgh, Markus, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Own Voice on Noise Dosimeter Measurements : A Field Study in a Day-Care Environment, Including Adults and Children
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise dosimeters are valuable tools in assessing the individual noise dose in the workplace. At non-industrial work places with a high degree of communication, such measurements would include the wearer’s own voice which would be registered as noise. This may not always be desirable. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of the wearers own voice in noise dosimeter measurements, and especially the difference between children and adults as test subjects. The study took place at a day-care center and sixteen children and thirteen adult female preschool teachers participated. The participants wore a digital recorder during the day, which recorded the sound signal and vibrations originating from an accelerometer attached to the neck of the test subjects, for distinguishing of whether the subject was speaking or not. Thus, average A-weighted noise levels with and without the influence of the subjects own voice could be obtained. The Leq for the measurements with and without the own voice was 84.6 dBA and 72.2 dBA for the children, respectively, and 79.3 dBA and 70.0 dBA for adults. Student’s t-test showed a significant (p<0.01) difference of 12.4 dBA for children and 9.3 dBA for adults when comparing measurements including and excluding the own voice and also that the difference was significantly larger for children. Thus, the study conclude that the influence from the own voice implied an augmentation of the Leq value and that there is a significant difference between children and adults in how large this augmentation is.
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| 8. |
- Campistol, Josep M., et al.
(författare)
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Sirolimus therapy after early cyclosporine withdrawal reduces the risk for cancer in adult renal transplantation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 17:2, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sirolimus (SRL) is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that, in contrast to cyclosporine (CsA), has been shown to inhibit rather than promote cancers in experimental models. At 3 mo +/- 2 wk after renal transplantation, 430 of 525 enrolled patients were randomly assigned to remain on SRL-CsA-steroids (ST) or to have CsA withdrawn and SRL troughs increased two-fold (SRL-ST). Median times to first skin and nonskin malignancies were compared between treatments using a survival analysis. Mean annualized rates of skin malignancy were calculated, and the relative risk was determined using a Poisson model. Malignancy-free survival rates for nonskin malignancies were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. At 5 yr, the median time to a first skin carcinoma was delayed (491 versus 1126 d; log-rank test, P = 0.007), and the risk for an event was significantly lower with SRL-ST therapy (relative risk SRL-ST to SRL-CsA-ST 0.346; 95% confidence interval 0.227 to 0.526; P < 0.001, intention-to-treat analysis). The relative risks for both basal and squamous cell carcinomas were significantly reduced. Kaplan-Meier estimates of nonskin cancer were 9.6 versus 4.0% (SRL-CsA-ST versus SRL-ST; P = 0.032, intention-to-treat analysis). Nonskin cancers included those of the lung, larynx, oropharynx, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, breast, thyroid, and cervix as well as glioma, liposarcoma, astrocytoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Patients who received SRL-based, calcineurin inhibitor-free therapy after CsA withdrawal at month 3 had a reduced incidence of both skin and nonskin malignancies at 5 yr after renal transplantation compared with those who received SRL therapy combined with CsA. Longer follow-up and additional trials are needed to confirm these promising results.
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| 9. |
- Claesson, Kerstin
(författare)
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Effektiviteten på Stockholms fondbörs
- 1987
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ordet effektivitet används i en speciell betydelse inom kapitalmarknadsforskningen. På en effektiv kapitalmarknad avspeglas all information omedelbart i priserna. Effektiva kapitalmarknader är en förutsättning för att nytt kapital ska fördelas på ett samhällsekonomiskt riktigt sätt. På en effektiv marknad kan en placerare inte få högre avkastning än normalt genom att söka efter ny information. Avhandlingen innehåller sex undersökningar av effektiviteten på Stockholms Fondbörs. Tre av dem försöker besvara frågan om historiska aktiekurser kan användas för att förutsäga kommande kursrörelser. Först beräknas några statistiska mått på beroendet mellan historiska och framtida kurser. Därefter undersöks en teknisk analysmetod, filterregeln. Dess köp- och säljsignaler genereras av den tidigare kursutvecklingen. På en effektiv aktiemarknad ska inte denna typ av teknisk analys löna sig. Under 1980-talet har ett antal anomalier i aktieprisbildningen upptäckts på den amerikanska aktiemarknaden. Anomalierna innebär att aktieavkastningen skiljer sig från det normala under vissa, lätt identifierbara, tidsperioder. Detta är den första undersökningen av anomalier på den svenska aktiemarknaden. De anomalier som studeras är veckodagseffekten, årsskifteseffekten och ex-dagseffekten. (Ex-dagen är den dag en aktie på börsen noteras exklusive t ex utdelning eller delrätt.)
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