| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Clear, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
-
Holocene fire in Fennoscandia and Denmark
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Wildland Fire. - 1448-5516. ; 23:6, s. 781-789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural disturbance dynamics, such as fire, have a fundamental control on forest composition and structure. Knowledge of fire history and the dominant drivers of fire are becoming increasingly important for conservation and management practice. Temporal and spatial variability in biomass burning is examined here using 170 charcoal and 15 fire scar records collated throughout Fennoscandia and Denmark. The changing fire regime is discussed in relation to local biogeographical controls, regional climatic change, anthropogenic land use and fire suppression. The region has experienced episodic variability in the dominant drivers of biomass burning throughout the Holocene, creating a frequently changing fire regime. Early Holocene biomass burning appears to be driven by fuel availability. Increased continentality during the mid-Holocene Thermal Maximum coincides with an increase in fire. The mid–late Holocene front-like spread of Picea abies (Norway spruce) and cooler, wetter climatic conditions reduce local biomass burning before the onset of intensified anthropogenic land use, and the late Holocene increase in anthropogenic activity created artificially high records of biomass burning that overshadowed the natural fire signal. An economic shift from extensive subsistence land use to agriculture and forestry as well as active fire suppression has reduced regional biomass burning. However, it is proposed that without anthropogenic fire suppression, the underlying natural fire signal would remain low because of the now widespread dominance of P. abies.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Molinari, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
-
The climate, the fuel and the land use: long-term regional variability of biomass burning in boreal forests
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 24:10, s. 4929-4945
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of different drivers on changes in North American and European boreal forests biomass burning (BB) during the Holocene was investigated based on the following hypotheses: land use was important only in the southernmost regions, while elsewhere climate was the main driver modulated by changes in fuel type. BB was reconstructed by means of 88 sedimentary charcoal records divided into six different site clusters. A statistical approach was used to explore the relative contribution of (a) pollen‐based mean July/summer temperature and mean annual precipitation reconstructions, (b) an independent model‐based scenario of past land use (LU), and (c) pollen‐based reconstructions of plant functional types (PFTs) on BB. Our hypotheses were tested with: (a) a west‐east northern boreal sector with changing climatic conditions and a homogeneous vegetation, and (b) a north‐south European boreal sector characterized by gradual variation in both climate and vegetation composition. The processes driving BB in boreal forests varied from one region to another during the Holocene. However, general trends in boreal biomass burning were primarily controlled by changes in climate (mean annual precipitation in Alaska, northern Quebec, and northern Fennoscandia, and mean July/summer temperature in central Canada and central Fennoscandia) and, secondarily, by fuel composition (BB positively correlated with the presence of boreal needleleaf evergreentrees in Alaska and in central and southern Fennoscandia). Land use playedonly a marginal role. A modification towards less flammable tree species (by promoting deciduous stands over fire‐prone conifers) could contribute to reduce circumboreal wildfire risk in future warmer periods.
|
|
| 6. |
- Silberman, Six M, et al.
(författare)
-
Next steps for sustainable HCI
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Interactions. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1072-5520 .- 1558-3449. ; 21:5, s. 66-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experts share their views on how steps are being taken to develop sustainable human-computer interfaces (SHCI). The SIGCHI HCI ∧ Sustainability Community (HCI ∧ S) has organized a workshop at CHI 2014 to address the issues and disputes of researchers and professionals from the field. The workshop also aims at finding concrete ways to support work that builds on existing sustainability knowledge within and beyond HCI and finding ways for HCI to contribute to achieving sustainability. Participants of the workshop have mean by the term. Participants agreed that SHCI research should articulate clear study- or design-specific sustainability goals and metrics on a project-by-project basis, without being restricted to HCI criteria such as usability, efficiency, or user satisfaction. SHCI researchers also need to evaluate their work with sustainability criteria derived from relevant natural and social scientific research and the communities within which they work.
|
|
