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- Axelsson, Malin, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Self-efficacy and adherence as mediating factors between personality traits and health-related quality of life.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2649 .- 0962-9343. ; 22:3, s. 567-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Personality traits are rather stable dispositions in adulthood, while self-efficacy and adherence may be modified through targeted interventions. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) serves as a vital outcome measure. The present aim was to explore the function of self-efficacy and adherence as mediators for the influencing effect of personality traits on HRQL in people with chronic disease. METHODS: An epidemiological sample of 786 persons completed questionnaires on personality, general self-efficacy, adherence behaviour and HRQL. Data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and path models. RESULTS: Self-efficacy mediated the effect of Extraversion and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. Neuroticism had a direct effect on both physical and mental HRQL. Adherence partially mediated the effect of both Agreeableness and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: The mental HRQL in people scoring low on Extraversion or low on Conscientiousness could be improved by strengthening general self-efficacy. Increasing adherence in people scoring low on Agreeableness or Conscientiousness could improve their mental HRQL, but the improvement was small and may be of lesser clinical relevance. These results argue for personalized interventions intended to positively affect health outcomes in people with chronic disease.
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- Axelsson, Malin, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The function of medication beliefs as mediators between personality traits and adherence behavior in people with asthma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Patient Preference and Adherence. - 1177-889X. ; 7, s. 1101-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:There is evidence that both personality traits and personal beliefs about medications affect adherence behavior. However, limited research exists on how personality and beliefs about asthma medication interact in influencing adherence behavior in people with asthma. To extend our knowledge in this area of adherence research, we aimed to determine the mediating effects of beliefs about asthma medication between personality traits and adherence behavior.Methods:Asthmatics (n=516) selected from a population-based study called West Sweden Asthma Study completed the Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness to Experience Five-Factor Inventory, the Medication Adherence Report Scale, and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Results:Three of the five investigated personality traits – agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism – were associated with both concerns about asthma medication and adherence behavior. Concerns functioned as a partial mediator for the influencing effects of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism on adherence behavior.Conclusion:The findings suggest that personality traits could be used to identify individuals with asthma who need support with their adherence behavior. Additionally, targeting concerns about asthma medication in asthmatics with low levels of agreeableness or conscientiousness or high levels of neuroticism could have a favorable effect on their adherence behavior.
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- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Higher education students in Sweden and their possibilities of getting a matching employment depending on individual and institutional factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education (CSSHE). Saskatoon, Canada, May 28-30, 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a general confidence in higher education as a means of creating a good position for the individual on the labour market. However, there might not be as a good correspondence between higher education studies and the employment as may be expected. Some academics may be forced to accept an employment with lower demands in order to not be out of work. They may also accept employments within quite another sector compared to what their studies aimed at (Alpin et al., 1998; Arnesen, 2000; Kivinen et al., 2000). How graduates from higher education establish themselves on the labour market has been studied in several research projects (e.g. Alpin et al., 1998; Arnesen, 2000; Einarsdóttir, 2002; Kivinen et al., 2000). In determining whether or not graduates have been “successful” in obtaining an employment that corresponds to their education, has usually been studied in economical terms. That is, the salary has been used as an indicator of whether or not there is a good match (e.g. Dolton & Vignoles, 2000; HSV, 2005, 2006a; e.g. Kler, 2005). This study does not consider the economic outcomes; it focuses on the match, whether or not the former higher education student has obtained an employment that corresponds to both the field and the level of their education. This is a large scale study that draws on Swedish register data and the results are interpreted separately for men and for women.
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- Berggren, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Widening participation trends in Sweden : Regulations and their effects, intended and unintended
- 2012
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Ingår i: Widening Participation in Higher Education. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230300613 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Widening Participation in Higher Education: Casting the Net Wide? offers an authoritative up-to-date commentary on the challenges facing higher education today, through the perspectives of experts representing universities across the UK, Europe, Africa and the USA. Contributors draw on recent empirical research as well as analysis of historical developments and emerging policy to provide an understanding of these issues of widening participation to educational practitioners, policy makers and academics alike. Up-to-date insights chart the impact of global economic trends and recent policy developments for students, academics, providers and changing course provision. Contributions from emerging and established experts address a broad range of relevant issues, from the question of grade inflation through to the effectiveness of peer outreach programmes. The book provides insight into how the effects of trends including marketization and globalization will continue to impact pivotally on the extent to which higher education is able to act as a force for social equalization or exclusion of opportunities.
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- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Widening Participation Trends in Sweden: Regulations and Their Effects, Intended and Unintended
- 2012
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Ingår i: Widening Participation in Higher Education. Casting the Net Wide?. - Basingstoke, England : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230578166 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we provide an overview of the regulations that have influenced the participation of different groups of students in higher education. We consider not only regulations about admission to higher education, but also regulations that have influenced the pre-requisites for participation, including requirements in compulsory education. The steps that have been taken to increase participation in higher education can be summarised in four broad areas: •Extending and reforming compulsory and upper secondary schooling to provide routes into higher education and to provide more students with the required qualifications •Extending educational opportunities to provide many older students with a second chance to obtain the qualifications needed to enter higher education •Changes in the admission and selection system to higher education to facilitate attendance by under-represented groups of students •Extending the number of higher education study places, and by increasing the number of higher education institutions, particularly in the smaller cities.
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- Brink, Eva, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Tool for Assessment of Post-Myocardial Infarction Fatigue
- 2018
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 08:11, s. 811-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: After treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) quite a few persons will experience different symptoms, including fatigue, during the recovery phase. The aim of the present study was to construct the multidimensional Post-Myocardial Infarction Fatigue (PMIF) scale, based on empirical data gathered in coronary heart disease contexts. Methods: The construction of the post-MI fatigue scale was conducted in seven steps, ending in a psychometric evaluation of the internal structure of the scale, using confirmatory factor analysis, as well as testing of convergent and discriminant validity, using correlational analysis, in a sample of 141 persons treated for MI. Results: The results showed that the PMIF scale represents three dimensions: physical, cognitive and emotional fatigue. It was also found that the scale is suitable for summing the items to obtain a total score representing a post-MI global fatigue dimension. Conclusion: The PMIF is a brief and easily completed scale for identifying persons experiencing post-MI fatigue. Early identification of fatigue, together with health behavior support, might prevent progression toward a more severe state of fatigue.
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- Brink, Eva, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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General self-efficacy and health-related quality of life after myocardial infarction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - : Routledge. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue after myocardial infarction (MI) has been found to be distressing. A person's self-efficacy will influence his/her health behavior and plays an active role in tackling illness consequences. This study investigated associations between fatigue, disturbed sleep, general self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of 145 respondents admitted to hospital for MI two years earlier. The aim was to identify the predictive value of general self-efficacy and to elucidate mediating factors between self-efficacy and HRQoL. General self-efficacy measured four months after MI was positively related to HRQoL after two years. In tests of indirect effects, fatigue meditated the effects between self-efficacy and the physical and the mental dimension of HRQoL, respectively. The indirect effect of disturbed sleep went through that of fatigue. To conclude, patients who suffer from post-MI fatigue may need support aimed at helping them increase their self-efficacy as well as helping them adapt to sleep hygiene principles and cope with fatigue, both of which will have positive influences on HRQoL.
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