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| 2. |
- Zaborowski, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Microsatellite instability in young patients with rectal cancer: molecular findings and treatment response
- 2022
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 109:3, s. 251-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study of 400 patients with early-onset rectal cancer, 12.5 per cent demonstrated microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI was associated with a reduced likelihood of nodal positivity, an increased rate of pathological complete response, and improved disease-specific survival.
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| 3. |
- Schneider, P. A., et al.
(författare)
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The dependence of confinement on the isotope mass in the core and the edge of AUG and JET-ILW H-mode plasmas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments in ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) and JET with the ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) are performed to separate the pedestal and core contributions to confinement in H-modes with different main ion masses. A strong isotope mass dependence in the pedestal is found which is enhanced at high gas puffing. This is because the ELM type changes when going from D to H for matched engineering parameters, which is likely due to differences in the inter ELM transport with isotope mass. The pedestal can be matched in H and D plasmas by varying only the triangularity and keeping the engineering parameters relevant for core transport the same. With matched pedestals Astra/TGLF (Sat1geo) core transport simulations predict the experimental profiles equally well for H and D. These core transport simulations show a negligible mass dependence and no gyro-Bohm scaling is observed. However, to match the experimental observations at medium beta it is required to take the fast-ion dilution and rotation into account. This is not enough for high beta plasmas where for the first time a profile match between H and D plasmas was achieved experimentally. Under these conditions quasilinear modelling with TGLF over predicts the transport in the core of H and D plasmas alike.
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| 4. |
- Luen, S J, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic characterisation of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer arising in very young women.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041. ; 34:4, s. 397-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very young premenopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC) have higher rates of recurrence and death for reasons that remain largely unexplained.Genomic sequencing was applied to HR+HER2- tumours from patients enrolled in the SOFT clinical trial to determine genomic drivers that are enriched in young premenopausal women. Genomic alterations were characterised using next-generation sequencing from a subset of 1,276 patients (deep targeted sequencing, N=1258; whole-exome sequencing in a young-age, case-control subsample, N=82). We defined copy number (CN) subgroups and assessed for features suggestive of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Genomic alteration frequencies were compared between young premenopausal women (<40 years) and older premenopausal women (≥40 years), and assessed for associations with distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI), and overall survival (OS).Younger women (<40 years, N=359) compared with older women (≥40 years, N=917) had significantly higher frequencies of mutations in GATA3 (19%vs16%) and CN-amplifications (47%vs26%), but significantly lower frequencies of mutations in PIK3CA (32%vs47%), CDH1 (3%vs9%), and MAP3K1 (7%vs12%). Additionally, significantly higher frequencies of features suggestive of HRD (27%vs21%), and a higher proportion of PIK3CA mutations with concurrent CN-amplifications (23%vs11%).Genomic features suggestive of HRD, PIK3CA mutations with CN-amplifications, and CN-amplifications associated with significantly worse DRFI and OS compared with those without these features. These poor prognostic features were enriched in younger patients: present in 72% of patients aged <35 years, 54% aged 35-39 years, and 40% ≥40 years. Poor prognostic features (N=584[46%]) vs none (N=692[54%]) had an 8-year DRFI of 84%vs94% and OS of 88%vs96%. Younger women (<40) had the poorest outcomes: 8-year DRFI 74%vs85% and OS of 80%vs93% respectively.These results provide insights into genomic alterations that are enriched in young women with HR+HER2-EBC, provide rationale for genomic subgrouping, and highlight priority molecular targets for future clinical trials.
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| 5. |
- Valovič, M., et al.
(författare)
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Fuelling of deuterium-tritium plasma by peripheral pellets in JET experiments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 64:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A baseline scenario of deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasma with peripheral high-field-side fuelling pellets has been produced in JET in order to mimic the situation in ITER. The isotope mix ratio is controlled in order to target the value of 50%-50% by a combination of tritium gas puffing and deuterium pellet injection. Multiple factors controlling the fuelling efficiency of individual pellets are analysed, with the following findings: (1) prompt particle losses due to pellet-triggered edge-localised modes (ELMs) are detected, (2) the plasmoid drift velocity might be smaller than that predicted by simulation, (3) post-pellet particle loss is controlled by transient phases with ELMs.The overall pellet particle flux normalised to the heat flux is similar to that in previous pellet fuelling experiments in AUG and JET.
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| 6. |
- Benavides, Raquel, et al.
(författare)
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The GenTree Leaf Collection : Inter- and intraspecific leaf variation in seven forest tree species in Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 30:3, s. 590-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivation Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra- and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes. Main types of variable contained We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade-offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope C-13 and N-15 in leaves. Spatial location and grain We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe. Time period Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017. Major taxa and level of measurement We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies, Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, and the broadleaves Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra and Quercus petraea. Software format The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed.
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| 7. |
- Opgenoorth, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The GenTree Platform : growth traits and tree-level environmental data in 12 European forest tree species
- 2021
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-217X. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Progress in the field of evolutionary forest ecology has been hampered by the huge challenge of phenotyping trees across their ranges in their natural environments, and the limitation in high-resolution environmental information.Findings: The GenTree Platform contains phenotypic and environmental data from 4,959 trees from 12 ecologically and economically important European forest tree species: Abies alba Mill. (silver fir), Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch), Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine), Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine), Pinus nigra Arnold (European black pine), Pinus pinaster Aiton (maritime pine), Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine), Populus nigra L. (European black poplar), Taxus baccata L. (English yew), and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak). Phenotypic (height, diameter at breast height, crown size, bark thickness, biomass, straightness, forking, branch angle, fructification), regeneration, environmental in situ measurements (soil depth, vegetation cover, competition indices), and environmental modeling data extracted by using bilinear interpolation accounting for surrounding conditions of each tree (precipitation, temperature, insolation, drought indices) were obtained from trees in 194 sites covering the species' geographic ranges and reflecting local environmental gradients.Conclusion: The GenTree Platform is a new resource for investigating ecological and evolutionary processes in forest trees. The coherent phenotyping and environmental characterization across 12 species in their European ranges allow for a wide range of analyses from forest ecologists, conservationists, and macro-ecologists. Also, the data here presented can be linked to the GenTree Dendroecological collection, the GenTree Leaf Trait collection, and the GenTree Genomic collection presented elsewhere, which together build the largest evolutionary forest ecology data collection available.
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| 9. |
- Climent, J. B., et al.
(författare)
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VLTI-PIONIER imaging of the red supergiant V602 Carinae
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Red supergiant stars possess surface features and extended molecular atmospheres. Photospheric convection may be a crucial factor of the levitation of the outer atmospheric layers. However, the mechanism responsible is still poorly understood.Aims. We image the stellar surface of V602 Carinae (V602 Car) to constrain the morphology and contrast of the surface features and of the extended atmospheric layers.Methods. We observed V602 Car with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer PIONIER instrument (1.53-1.78 mu m) between May and July 2016, and April and July 2019 with different telescope configurations. We compared the image reconstructions with 81 temporal snapshots of 3D radiative-hydrodynamics (RHD) (COBOLD)-B-5 simulations in terms of contrast and morphology, using the Structural Similarity Index.Results. The interferometric data are compatible with an overall spherical disk of angular diameter 4.4 0.2 mas, and an extended molecular layer. In 2016, the reconstructed image reveals a bright arc-like feature toward the northern rim of the photospheric surface. In 2019, an arc-like feature is seen at a different orientation and a new peak of emission is detected on the opposite side. The contrasts of the reconstructed surface images are 11% +/- 2% and 9% +/- 2% for 2016 and 2019, respectively. The morphology and contrast of the two images are consistent with 3D RHD simulations, within our achieved spatial resolution and dynamic range. The extended molecular layer contributes 10-13% of the total flux with an angular diameter of 6-8 mas. It is present but not clearly visible in the reconstructed images because it is close to the limits of the achieved dynamic range. The presence of the molecular layer is not reproduced by the 3D RHD simulations.Conclusions. 3D RHD simulations predict substructures similar to the observed surface features of V602 Car at two different epochs. We interpret the structure on the stellar surface as being related to instationary convection. This structure is further convolved to larger observed patches on the stellar surface with our observational spatial resolution. Even though the simulations reproduce the observed features on the stellar surface, convection alone may not be the only relevant process that is levitating the atmosphere.
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