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| 2. |
- Brasiello, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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From simple lattice models to systems of interacting particles : the role of stochastic regularity in transport models
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 228:1, s. 93-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of stochastic regularity in lattice models corresponds to the physical constraint that the lattice parameters defining particle stochastic motion (specifically, the lattice spacing and the hopping time) attain finite values. This assumption, that is physically well posed, as it corresponds to the existence of bounded mean free path and root mean square velocity, modifies the formulation of the classical hydrodynamic limit for lattice models of particle dynamics, transforming the resulting balance equations for the probability density function from parabolic to hyperbolic. Starting from simple, but non trivial, lattice models of non interacting particles, the article analyzes the role of stochastic regularity in the formulation of the hydrodynamic equations. Specifically, the case of multiphase lattice models is considered both in regular and disordered structures, and the way of including interaction potential within the hyperbolic transport formalism analyzed.
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| 3. |
- Cagetti, Maria Grazia, et al.
(författare)
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Association between interdental plaque acidogenicity and caries risk at surface level: a cross sectional study in primary dentition.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of paediatric dentistry. - 1365-263X. ; 21:2, s. 119-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010 Background. In schoolchildren the most commonly decayed primary teeth are molars affecting proximal adjacent surfaces especially. Aim. To determine whether a more acidic plaque in response to sucrose challenge is detected in children with more carious lesions. Design. Plaque pH measurements, using the microtouch technique, were carried out in interproximal spaces between primary molars, in 157 high caries risk children (314 sites and caries status of the 628 proximal surfaces recorded). The area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was analyzed. Results. The AUC(5.7) and the AUC(6.2) showed a statistically significant difference between plaque adjacent to proximal surfaces with or without caries. Differences for AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2) were recorded between one decayed surface compared to two decayed surfaces (P < 0.01) whereas a statistical significant difference was only observed for AUC(5.7), when the areas under the curve were obtained near one decayed surface compared to two sound surfaces (P = 0.04). Conclusions. The higher acidogenicity of the dental plaque found in presence of a proximal carious lesion in primary maxillary molars represents an additional risk factor for the adjacent surface. This finding may help clinicians in treatment decisions.
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| 4. |
- Campus, Guglielmo, et al.
(författare)
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Fluoride content in breast milk after the use of fluoridated food supplement. A randomized clinical trial.
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Dentistry. - 0894-8275. ; 27:4, s. 199-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate if the intake of a fluoridated food supplement in breastfeeding mothers increases the fluoride concentration in breast milk.A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study was designed. Two groups of women were formed: a fluoride group (n = 112), using a non-sucrose food supplement containing fluoride (1,500 μg/l for each dose) and a control group (n = 116), using a non-sucrose food supplement without fluoride content. The women were followed for 6 weeks. Samples of breast milk were collected and analyzed using an ion-specific electrode.85 women in the fluoride group and 83 in the control group concluded the trial. Fluoride concentrations in the two groups were statistically significantly different (515 μg/l in the fluoride and 476 μg/l in the control group P= 0.04) at the end of the experimental period. In the fluoride group, a statistically significant increment in fluoride concentration during the experimental period was also observed (from 468 ± 104 μg/l to 515 ± 105 μg/l). The use of a non-sucrose food supplement containing fluoride resulted in a significant increment in fluoride concentration in breast milk.
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| 6. |
- Carta, Giovanna, et al.
(författare)
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Caries-risk profiles in Italian adults using computer caries assessment system and ICDAS.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brazilian oral research. - 1807-3107. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the correlation among socio-behavioral factors, caries status and caries risk, calculated through Cariogram, in an adult population. Four hundred eighty subjects (mean age 40.73, SE ± 0.33) randomly selected from the municipal electoral registry consented to participate in the survey. Subjects were examined, and the International Caries Detection Assessment System (ICDAS) index was registered. A highly structured questionnaire was submitted to investigate (1) personal data (i.e., age, gender, educational level, job categorization), (2) life-style behavior (i.e., smoking and dietary habits), and (3) oral health behavior (i.e., tooth brushing, use of fluoride and dental check-up frequency). An evaluation of the mutans streptococci concentration in saliva was also performed. Information on caries-related factors was entered into the Cariogram in order to generate an individual caries risk profile for each subject. Multinomial logistic regression was performed using Cariogram levels as the dependent variable. The possible correlated variables were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA). Considering ICDAS scores, 5.62% of the sample had at least an initial decay (ICDAS = 1-2), whereas 40.83% of the sample presented at least one moderate decay (ICDAS = 3-4) and 17.08% a severe decay (ICDAS = 5-6). Decay at ICDAS levels 5-6 and more than 5 missing teeth were statistically associated with Cariogram scores (OR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.83-3.03 and OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.13-1.82, respectively). The results suggest that the Cariogram model was able to identify caries-related factors in an adult population. A direct association among the risk categories from Cariogram, the caries status and some socio-behavioral variables was verified.
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| 7. |
- Chapple, Iain L C, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical periodontology. - : Wiley. - 1600-051X .- 0303-6979. ; 44:Suppl 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common diseases of humans and the main cause of tooth loss. Both diseases can lead to nutritional compromise and negative impacts upon self-esteem and quality of life. As complex chronic diseases, they share common risk factors, such as a requirement for a pathogenic plaque biofilm, yet they exhibit distinct pathophysiologies. Multiple exposures contribute to their causal pathways, and susceptibility involves risk factors that are inherited (e.g. genetic variants), and those that are acquired (e.g. socio-economic factors, biofilm load or composition, smoking, carbohydrate intake). Identification of these factors is crucial in the prevention of both diseases as well as in their management.To systematically appraise the scientific literature to identify potential risk factors for caries and periodontal diseases.One systematic review (genetic risk factors), one narrative review (role of diet and nutrition) and reference documentation for modifiable acquired risk factors common to both disease groups, formed the basis of the report.There is moderately strong evidence for a genetic contribution to periodontal diseases and caries susceptibility, with an attributable risk estimated to be up to 50%. The genetics literature for periodontal disease is more substantial than for caries and genes associated with chronic periodontitis are the vitamin D receptor (VDR), Fc gamma receptor IIA (Fc-γRIIA) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) genes. For caries, genes involved in enamel formation (AMELX, AMBN, ENAM, TUFT, MMP20, and KLK4), salivary characteristics (AQP5), immune regulation and dietary preferences had the largest impact. No common genetic variants were found. Fermentable carbohydrates (sugars and starches) were the most relevant common dietary risk factor for both diseases, but associated mechanisms differed. In caries, the fermentation process leads to acid production and the generation of biofilm components such as Glucans. In periodontitis, glycaemia drives oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products may also trigger a hyper inflammatory state. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as for vitamin C, vitamin D or vitamin B12, may be related to the onset and progression of both diseases. Functional foods or probiotics could be helpful in caries prevention and periodontal disease management, although evidence is limited and biological mechanisms not fully elucidated. Hyposalivation, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking/tobacco use, undiagnosed or sub-optimally controlled diabetes and obesity are common acquired risk factors for both caries and periodontal diseases.
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| 8. |
- Cocco, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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The caries preventive effect of 1-year use of low-dose xylitol chewing gum. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in high-caries-risk adults.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 21:9, s. 2733-2740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The caries preventive effect of long-term use (1year) of low-dosage (2.5g/die) of xylitol chewing gum in a high-caries-risk adult population was evaluated.In this randomized clinical trial, 179 high-caries-risk adults were assigned to two experimental groups, xylitol and polyols. Caries status, salivary mutans streptococci (MS), and plaque pH were re-evaluated after 2years from baseline in 66 xylitol and 64 polyol subjects. Outcomes (the net caries increment for initial, moderate, and extensive caries lesions and for the caries experience) were evaluated using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.The total caries experience increment was 1.25±1.26 in the xylitol group and 1.80±2.33 in the polyol group (p=0.01). Subjects treated with xylitol chewing gums had a reduction of risk rate at tooth level of 23% with respect to those treated with polyols with a number needed to treat of 55 teeth. The area under the curve at pH 5.7 was statistically significantly lower (p=0.02) during the experimental period in the xylitol group. A decrease of the concentration of salivary MS was noted in the xylitol group (p<0.01).Subjects using the low-dose xylitol chewing gum showed a significantly lower increment of initial and extensive caries lesions and overall a lower increment of caries experience.One-year use of chewing gums provides an effective means for the prevention of caries disease.NCT02310308.
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| 9. |
- Frezza, Claudio, et al.
(författare)
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Phytochemical Analysis and Trypanocidal Activity of Marrubium incanum Desr.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 25:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rationale inspiring the discovery of lead compounds for the treatment of human parasitic protozoan diseases from natural sources is the well-established use of medicinal plants in various systems of traditional medicine. On this basis, we decided to select an overlooked medicinal plant growing in central Italy, Marrubium incanum Desr. (Lamiaceae), which has been used as a traditional remedy against protozoan diseases, and to investigate its potential against Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). For this purpose, we assayed three extracts of different polarities obtained from the aerial parts of M. incanum—namely, water (MarrInc-H2O), ethanol (MarrInc-EtOH) and dichloromethane (MarrInc-CH2Cl2)—against Trypanosoma brucei (TC221), with the aim to discover lead compounds for the development of antitrypanosomal drugs. Their selectivity index (SI) was determined on mammalian cells (BALB/3T3 mouse fibroblasts) as a counter-screen for toxicity. The preliminary screening selected the MarrInc-CH2Cl2 extract as the most promising candidate against HAT, showing an IC50 value of 28 μg/mL. On this basis, column chromatography coupled with the NMR spectroscopy of a MarrInc-CH2Cl2 extract led to the isolation and identification of five compounds i.e. 1-α-linolenoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl-sn- glycerol (1), 1-linoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol (2), stigmasterol (3), palmitic acid (4), and salvigenin (5). Notably, compounds 3 and 5 were tested on T. brucei, with the latter being five-fold more active than the MarrInc-CH2Cl2 extract (IC50 = 5.41 ± 0.85 and 28 ± 1.4 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the SI for salvigenin was >18.5, showing a preferential effect on target cells compared with the dichloromethane extract (>3.6). Conversely, stigmasterol was found to be inactive. To complete the work, also the more polar MarrInc-EtOH extract was analyzed, giving evidence for the presence of 2″-O-allopyranosyl-cosmosiin (6), verbascoside (7), and samioside (8). Our findings shed light on the phytochemistry of this overlooked species and its antiprotozoal potential, providing evidence for the promising role of flavonoids such as salvigenin for the treatment of protozoal diseases.
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