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| 2. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, 1974-
(författare)
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New Tools for Trapping and Separation in Gas Chromatography and Dielectrophoresis : Improved Performance by Aid of Computer Simulation
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Computer simulations can be useful aids for both developing new analytical methods and enhancing the performance of existing techniques. This thesis is based on studies in which computer simulations were key elements in the development of several new tools for use in gas chromatography and dielectrophoresis. In gas chromatography, gaseous analytes are separated by exploiting differences in their partitioning between different phases, and after their partitioning parameters have been determined the separations can be computationally predicted, and optimized, for a wide range of operating conditions. Similarly, in dielectrophoresis, particles with differing polarizability or size can be separated, and since particle trajectories within a separation device can be predicted using computations, the suitability of new designs, applications of forces and combinations of operational parameters can be assessed without necessarily making or empirically testing all of the variants.Using two existing numerical methods combined with semi-empirical determinations of retention behavior, temperature-programmed gas chromatograms were predicted with less than one percent deviations from experimental data, and a new method for improving the capacity of a gas-trapping device was predicted and experimentally verified. In addition, two new concepts with potential capacity to enhance dielectrophoretic separations were developed and tested in simulations. The first provides a promising way to improve the trapping of bacteria in media with elevated conductivity by using super-positioned electric fields, and the second a way to increase selectivity in the separation of bio-particles by using multiple dielectrophoretic cycles. The studies also introduced a more accurate method for determining the conductivity of suspensions of bacteria, and a new computational method for determining the dielectrophoretic behavior of particles in concentrated suspensions.The scientific studies are summarized and discussed in the main text of this thesis, and presented in detail in seven appended papers.
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| 3. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of retention times and peak widths in temperature-programmed gas chromatography using the finite element method
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1216:1, s. 134-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimization of separations in gas chromatography is often a time-consuming task. However, computer simulations of chromatographic experiments may greatly reduce the time required. In this study, the finite element method was used to predict the retention times and peak widths of three analytes eluting from each of four columns during chromatographic separations with two temperature programs. The data acquired were displayed in predicted chromatograms that were then compared to experimentally acquired chromatograms. The differences between the predicted and measured retention times were typically less than 0.1%, although the experimental peak widths were typically 10% larger than expected from the idealized calculations. Input data for the retention and peak dispersion calculations were obtained from isothermal experiments, and converted to thermodynamic parameters.
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| 4. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of retention times of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n -alkanes in temperature-programmed gas chromatography
- 2007
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 389:3, s. 941-950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed an iterative procedure for predicting the retention times of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes during separations by temperature-programmed gas chromatography. The procedure is based on estimates of two thermodynamic properties for each analyte (the differences in enthalpy and entropy associated with movements between the stationary and mobile phases) derived from data acquired experimentally in separations under isothermal conditions at temperatures spanning the range covered by the temperature programs in ten-degree increments. The columns used for this purpose were capillary columns containing polydimethylsiloxane-based stationary phases with three degrees of phenyl substitution (0%, 5%, and 50%). Predicted values were mostly within 1% of experimentally determined values, implying that the method is stable and precise.
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| 6. |
- Colmsjö, Anders, 1951-
(författare)
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The practice and utility of the Shpol'skii effect in chemical analysis
- 1981
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is an attempt to establish the Shpol' skii fluorescence as a valuable tool for analytical chemists. The basic principles of the Shpol'- skii fluorescence is comprehensively explained and the most important parameters that influence the registering of quasilinear spectra are discussed.The sample compartment that is needed for proper registration of Shpol' skii spectra is optimized with respect to inner filter effects and adapted for low temperature use. The temperature used in these investigations was mostly 63 K (-210°C).The identifying of chemical compounds by aid of their Shpol' skii spectra is primarily made by utilizing the fingerprint identification technique, i.e. to utilize the, for each Shpol' skii emitting compound characteristic, narrow-banded fluorescence spectrum.The analysis of samples from ambient air, soil, automobile exhaust, petroleum products, etc. by aid of cleaning up steps, HPLC and quasilinear fluorescence are demonstrated and evaluated and the selectivity of the method is discussed. The appearance of unidentified spectra in real sample analysis is briefly discussed and the establishing of a large reference library is emphasized.
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| 7. |
- Daryanavard, Seyed, et al.
(författare)
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Molecularly imprinted polymer in microextraction by packed sorbent for the simultaneous determination of local anesthetics : lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in plasma and urine samples
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Biomedical chromotography. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-3879 .- 1099-0801. ; 27:11, s. 1418-1488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents the use of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as packing material for microextraction by packed syringe (MEPS) to achieve higher extraction selectivity. Pentycaine was used as template for MIP. Development and validation of the determination of lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in human plasma and urine samples utilizing MIP-MEPS and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were carried out. The MEPS MIP-cartridge could be used for 100 extractions before it was discarded. The extraction recovery ranged from 60 to 80%. The correlation coefficients values were >0.999 for all assays using lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in the calibration range 5–2000 nmol/L. The accuracy of the studied compounds, given as a percentage variation from the nominal concentration values, ranged from -4.9 to 8.4% using plasma and urine samples. The between-batch precision, given as the relative standard deviation, at three different concentrations (quality control samples) was ranged from −4.7 to 14.0% and from 1.8 to 12.7% in plasma and urine, respectively. The lower limit of quantification and limit of detection of the studied substances were 5.0 and 1.0 nm, respectively
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| 8. |
- El Beqqali, Aziza, 1966-
(författare)
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Novel Microextraction Techniques for Bioanalysis of Neurotransmitters and Biomarkers in Biological Fluids
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sample preparation (sample pre-treatment) is the initial step and an essential part in bioanalysis procedure. The main role of sample preparation is to extract and transfer the analyte(s) of interest from a complex matrix to a purified media such as a pure solvent for analysis and quantification. Biological fluids are complex and contain, in addition to the target analyte(s), many different unwanted compounds from salts to proteins. Thus, the analysis of these samples requires an effective sample preparation method prior to the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) assays. The aim of the present work was to evaluate micro-extraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and develop new sample preparation techniques for the extraction of neurotransmitters and biomarkers from biological samples. Moreover, two new sample preparation techniques were developed. The first developed technique is molecular imprinting on polysulfone membrane (MIPM), and the second one is molecularly imprinted polymer in tablet form (MIPT).MEPS is a well-known sample preparation technique that can be used online with analytical instruments without any modifications. In this thesis, MEPS was used online with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the quantification of dopamine and serotonin in human urine samples (Study I) and with GC/MS for the analysis of methadone in humane urine (Study II). Polystyrene polymer and silica-C8 were used as sorbent in Study I and Study II, respectively. In both studies, small sample volumes (50 µL) were used and full method validation was performed. In both studies (I and II), MEPS enhanced the limit of detection (LOD) and reduced the extraction time compared to the previously published methods. In Study I, the mean accuracies of quality control (QC) samples of dopamine and serotonin were 99–101% while the precision values (RSD) were 6–11%. In Study II, the accuracy values of methadone were between 97 and 107% while the precisions (RSD) were between 11 and 15%.MIP-sol-gel on polysulfone membrane (MIPM) was developed and used in combination with MEPS for the extraction of hippuric acid (HA) in plasma and urine samples (Study III). A good selectivity was obtained using plasma and urine samples. The precision of QC samples in plasma and urine samples were 2.2–4.8% and 1.1–6.7%, respectively. The method recovery was above 90%.In Study IV, a new technique was developed using a tablet form of molecularly imprinted sol-gel (MIPT) for the extraction of methadone from human plasma samples. Methadone-d9 was selected as the template for accurate recovery, and 3-(propyl methacrylate) trimethoxysilane (3PMTMOS) was used as a precursor. The extraction recovery was higher than 80%. The LOD and LLOQ were 1.0 and 5.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The validation showed good selectivity, accuracy and precision.In Study I, III and IV, LC/MS/MS system was used while GC/MS was used in Study II for the separation and detection of target analytes.There will always be a high demand for rapid, selective, reliable and sensitive techniques for sample preparation. It is convenient to use molecular dynamics simulations as a theoretical tool for the optimization of molecularly imprinted system. Suitable monomers and cross-linkers are crucial to synthesize the new membrane and tablet molecular imprinted polymer platforms for all kinds of molecules.
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| 9. |
- Elmongy, Hatem, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of metoprolol enantiomers in human plasma and saliva samples utilizing microextraction by packed sorbent and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Biomedical chromotography. - : Wiley. - 0269-3879 .- 1099-0801. ; 30:8, s. 1309-1317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sensitive, accurate and reliable bioanalytical method for the enantioselective determination of metoprolol in plasma and saliva samples utilizing liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Human plasma and saliva samples were pretreated by microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) prior to analysis. A new MEPS syringe form with two inputs was used. Metoprolol enantiomers and internal standard pentycaine (IS) were eluted from MEPS sorbent using isopropanol after removal of matrix interferences using aliquots of 5% methanol in water. Complete separation of metoprolol enantiomers was achieved on a Cellulose-SB column (150x4.6mm, 5m) using isocratic elution with mobile phase 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in hexane-isopropanol (80:20, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.8mL/min. A post-column solvent-assisted ionization was applied to enhance metoprolol ionization signal in positive mode monitoring (+ES) using 0.5% formic acid in isopropanol at a flow rate of 0.2mL/min. The total chromatographic run time was 10min for each injection. The detection of metoprolol in plasma and saliva samples was performed using triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in +ES under the following mass transitions: m/z 268.0872.09 for metoprolol and m/z 303.3154.3 for IS. The linearity range was 2.5-500ng/mL for both R- and S-metoprolol in plasma and saliva. The limits of detection and quantitation for both enantiomers were 0.5 and 2.5ng/mL respectively, in both matrices (plasma and saliva). The intra- and inter-day precisions were presented in terms of RSD values for replicate analysis of quality control samples and were <5%; the accuracy of determinations varied from 96 to 99%. The method was able to determine the therapeutic levels of metoprolol enantiomers in both human plasma and saliva samples successfully, which can aid in therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical laboratories.
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| 10. |
- Engkvist, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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On the relation between retention indexes and the interaction between the solute and the column in gas-liquid chromatography
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of chemical information and computer sciences. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0095-2338 .- 1520-5142. ; 36:6, s. 1153-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gas-liquid chromatography retention indexes for organic molecules are determined by the interaction between the molecule and the column liquid phase. In this article, a model for calculating the interaction energy between a molecule and a dielectric wall is developed. The model is at least to our knowledge the first attempt to predict retention indexes from the interaction between the molecules and the column. This approach to predict retention indexes is radically different from methods proposed before. Earlier predictions of the retention indexes have been done by a large number of descriptors, which were Linearly correlated to the retention indexes. The developed model has been tested for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mainly with a molecular weight of 302. For the molecules with MW 302 the obtained correlation coefficient is 0.92. A somewhat simpler model is used to fit PAH with different MWs. A correlation coefficient of 0.998 is obtained if the retention indexes were fitted to the logarithm of the interaction energies between the PAHs and the column.
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