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- Karle, A., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of high energy atmospheric neutrinos with AMANDA
- 2000
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). ; , s. 823-827
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1997 the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) started operating with 10 strings. In an analysis of data taken during the first year of operation 188 atmospheric neutrino candidates were found. Their zenith angle distribution agrees with expectations based on Monte Carlo simulations. A preliminary upper limit is given on a diffuse flux of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 607:7918, s. 313-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.
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| 5. |
- Pabinger, I, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and Inherited Thrombophilia: results from the European Prospective Cohort on Thrombophilia (EPCOT).
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 10:2, s. 217-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data on the survival of individuals with hereditary thrombophilia are rare and only come from retrospective studies. Objective: We aimed to assess mortality in individuals with known thrombophilia with and without a history of thrombosis in comparison to a control group. Patients/Methods: The European Prospective Cohort on Thrombophilia (EPCOT) study is a prospective multi-centre observational study performed to assess the risk of thrombosis in persons with inherited thrombophilia. In an extension of this study the vital status was assessed in 1,240 individuals with thrombophilia (mean age 40.9 years, 59% women, 196 with antithrombin-, 341 with protein C-, 276 with protein S-deficiency, 330 with factor V Leiden and 97 with combined defects, 62% with a VT history) and 875 controls (mean age 42.5 years, 48% women, 7% with a VT history). Results: Seventy-two individuals with thrombophilia and 45 controls died during follow-up. The risk of death, adjusted for sex, thrombosis-history and centre, was not associated with thrombophilia (hazard ratio (HR) thrombophilia individuals versus controls: 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-1.78). When individuals with thrombophilia were evaluated separately, a history of thrombosis was not associated with mortality: the risk of death after adjustment for sex, anticoagulation and center was HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.41-1.54). Conclusions: No increased risk of death in individuals with thrombophilia, not even in those with a history of thrombosis, was observed.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Vossen, CY, et al.
(författare)
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Familial thrombophilia and lifetime risk of venous thrombosis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 2:9, s. 1526-1532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. We started a large multicenter prospective follow-up study to provide reliable risk estimates of venous thrombosis in families with various thrombophilic defects. Objectives: This paper describes data collected at study entry on venous events experienced before study inclusion, i.e. the baseline data. Patients/methods: All individuals (probands, relatives) registered in nine European thrombosis centers with the factor (F)V Leiden mutation, a deficiency of antithrombin, protein C or protein S, or a combination of these defects, were enrolled between March 1994 and September 1997. As control individuals, partners, friends or acquaintances of the thrombophilic participants were included. Incidence and relative risk of objectively confirmed venous thrombotic events (VTEs) prior to entry were calculated for the relatives with thrombophilia and the controls. Results: Of the 846 relatives with thrombophilia (excluding probands), 139 (16%) had experienced a VTE with an incidence of 4.4 per 1000 person years. Of the controls, 15 of the 1212 (1%) controls had experienced a VTE with an incidence of 0.3 per 1000 person years. The risk of venous thrombosis associated with familial thrombophilia was 15.7 (95% CI 9.2-26.8) and remained similar after adjustment for regional and sex-effects (16.4; 95% CI 9.6-28.0). The highest incidence per 1000 person years was found in relatives with combined defects (8.4; 95% CI 5.6-12.2), and the lowest incidence was found in those with the FV Leiden mutation (1.5; 95% CI 0.8-2.6). Conclusions: Considerable differences in the lifetime risk of VTE were observed among individuals with different thrombophilia defects.
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| 9. |
- Vossen, CY, et al.
(författare)
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Hereditary thrombophilia and fetal loss: a prospective follow-up study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 2:4, s. 592-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: As the placental vessels are dependent on the normal balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms, inherited thrombophilia may be associated with fetal loss. Objectives: We performed a prospective study to investigate the relation between inherited thrombophilia and fetal loss, and the influence of thromboprophylaxis on pregnancy outcome. Patients and methods: Women were enrolled in the European Prospective Cohort on Thrombophilia (EPCOT). These included women with factor (F)V Leiden or a deficiency of antithrombin, protein C or protein S. Controls were partners or acquaintances of thrombophilic individuals. A total of 191 women (131 with thrombophilia, 60 controls) had a pregnancy outcome during prospective follow-up. Risk of fetal loss and effect of thromboprophylaxis were estimated by frequency calculation and Cox regression modelling. Results: The risk of fetal loss appeared slightly increased in women with thrombophilia without a previous history of fetal loss who did not use any anticoagulants during pregnancy (7/39 vs. 7/51; relative risk 1.4; 95% confidence interval 0.4, 4.7). Per type of defect the relative risk varied only minimally from 1.4 for FV Leiden to 1.6 for antithrombin deficiency compared with control women. Prophylactic anticoagulant treatment during pregnancy in 83 women with thrombophilia differed greatly in type, dose and duration, precluding solid conclusions on the effect of thromboprophylaxis on fetal loss. No clear benefit of anticoagulant prophylaxis was apparent. Conclusions: Women with thrombophilia appear to have an increased risk of fetal loss, although the likelihood of a positive outcome is high in both women with thrombophilia and in controls.
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| 10. |
- Vossen, CY, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of a first venous thrombotic event in carriers of a familial thrombophilic defect. The European Prospective Cohort on Thrombophilia (EPCOT)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 3:3, s. 459-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Reliable risk estimates for venous thrombosis in families with inherited thrombophilia are scarce but necessary for determining optimal screening and treatment policies. Objectives: In the present analysis, we determined the risk of a first venous thrombotic event in carriers of a thrombophilic defect (i.e. antithrombin-, protein C- or protein S deficiency, or factor V Leiden). Patients and methods: The asymptomatic carriers had been tested prior to this study in nine European thrombosis centers because of a symptomatic, carrier in the family, and were followed prospectively for 5.7 years on average between March 1994 and January 2001. Annually, data were recorded on the occurrence of risk situations for venous thrombosis and events (e.g. venous thrombosis, death). Results: Twenty-six of the 575 asymptomatic carriers (4.5%) and seven of the 1118 controls (0.6%) experienced a first deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism during follow-up. Of these events, 58% occurred spontaneously in the carriers compared with 43% in the controls. The incidence of first events was 0.8% per year (95% CI 0.5-1.2) in the carriers compared with 0.1% per year (95% CI 0.0-0.2) in the controls. The highest incidence was associated with antithrombin deficiency or combined defects, and the lowest incidence with factor V Leiden. Conclusions: The incidence of venous events in asymptomatic individuals from thrombophilic families does not exceed the risk of bleeding associated with long-term anticoagulant treatment in the literature (1-3%).
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