| 1. |
- Conley, Robert B., et al.
(författare)
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Secondary Fracture Prevention : Consensus Clinical Recommendations from a Multistakeholder Coalition
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. - 0890-5339. ; 34:4, s. 125-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoporosis-related fractures are undertreated, due in part to misinformation about recommended approaches to patient care and discrepancies among treatment guidelines. To help bridge this gap and improve patient outcomes, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research assembled a multistakeholder coalition to develop clinical recommendations for the optimal prevention of secondary fractureamong people aged 65 years and older with a hip or vertebral fracture. The coalition developed 13 recommendations (7 primary and 6 secondary) strongly supported by the empirical literature. The coalition recommends increased communication with patients regarding fracture risk, mortality and morbidity outcomes, and fracture risk reduction. Risk assessment (including fall history) should occur at regular intervals with referral to physical and/or occupational therapy as appropriate. Oral, intravenous, andsubcutaneous pharmacotherapies are efficaciousandcanreduce risk of future fracture.Patientsneededucation,however, about thebenefitsandrisks of both treatment and not receiving treatment. Oral bisphosphonates alendronate and risedronate are first-line options and are generally well tolerated; otherwise, intravenous zoledronic acid and subcutaneous denosumab can be considered. Anabolic agents are expensive butmay be beneficial for selected patients at high risk.Optimal duration of pharmacotherapy is unknown but because the risk for second fractures is highest in the earlypost-fractureperiod,prompt treatment is recommended.Adequate dietary or supplemental vitaminDand calciumintake shouldbe assured. Individuals beingtreatedfor osteoporosis shouldbe reevaluated for fracture risk routinely, includingvia patienteducationabout osteoporosisandfracturesandmonitoringfor adverse treatment effects.Patients shouldbestronglyencouraged to avoid tobacco, consume alcohol inmoderation atmost, and engage in regular exercise and fall prevention strategies. Finally, referral to endocrinologists or other osteoporosis specialists may be warranted for individuals who experience repeated fracture or bone loss and those with complicating comorbidities (eg, hyperparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease).
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| 2. |
- Conley, Robert B., et al.
(författare)
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Secondary Fracture Prevention : Consensus Clinical Recommendations from a Multistakeholder Coalition
- 2020
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Ingår i: Orthopaedic Nursing. - 0744-6020. ; 39:3, s. 145-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoporosis-related fractures are undertreated, due in part to misinformation about recommended approaches to patient care and discrepancies among treatment guidelines. To help bridge this gap and improve patient outcomes, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research assembled a multistakeholder coalition to develop clinical recommendations for the optimal prevention of secondary fracture among people aged 65 years and older with a hip or vertebral fracture. The coalition developed 13 recommendations (7 primary and 6 secondary) strongly supported by the empirical literature. The coalition recommends increased communication with patients regarding fracture risk, mortality and morbidity outcomes, and fracture risk reduction. Risk assessment (including fall history) should occur at regular intervals with referral to physical and/or occupational therapy as appropriate. Oral, intravenous, and subcutaneous pharmacotherapies are efficacious and can reduce risk offuture fracture. Patients need education, however, about the benefits and risks of both treatment and not receiving treatment. Oral bisphosphonates alendronate and risedronate are first-line options and are generally well tolerated; otherwise, intravenous zoledronic acid and subcutaneous denosumab can be considered. Anabolic agents are expensive but may be beneficial for selected patients at high risk. Optimal duration of pharmacotherapy is unknown but because the riskfor second fractures is highest in the early post-fracture period, prompt treatment is recommended. Adequate dietary or supplemental vitamin D and calcium intake should be assured. Individuals being treated for osteoporosis should be reevaluated for fracture risk routinely, including via patient education about osteoporosis and fractures and monitoring foradverse treatment effects. Patients should be strongly encouraged to avoid tobacco, consume alcohol in moderation at most, and engage in regular exercise and fall prevention strategies. Finally, referral to endocrinologists or other osteoporosis specialists may be warranted for individuals who experience repeated fracture or bone loss and those with complicating comorbidities (eg, hyperparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease). (c) 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 3. |
- Kanze, Dana, et al.
(författare)
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Organizations That Move Fast Really Do Break Things
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Ingår i: Harvard Business Review Digital Articles. - 0100-0004. ; , s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The tendency to first take action then manage what happens is what psychologists studying motivation call “locomotion” goal pursuit. Another approach is “assessment,” when you pursue goals via careful evaluation. Prior research has shown that locomotion activity like rushing to meet deadlines is associated with unethical decision making, whereas taking time to assess alternatives is associated with more ethical decisions. A new study finds that locomotion at the expense of assessment — as indicated by corporate mission statements — is linked to more unethical decision making at the organizational level, too, measured in the form of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) violations.
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| 4. |
- Kanze, Dana, et al.
(författare)
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The motivation of mission statements: How regulatory mode influences workplace discrimination
- 2021
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Ingår i: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier. - 1095-9920 .- 0749-5978. ; 166, s. 84-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite concerted efforts to enforce ethical standards, transgressions continue to plague US corporations. This paper investigates whether the way in which an organization pursues its goals can influence ethical violations, manifested as involvement in discrimination. We test this hypothesis among franchises, which employ a considerable amount of low-income workers adversely affected by discrimination. Drawing upon Regulatory Mode Theory, we perform a linguistic analysis of franchise mission statements to determine their degree of locomotion and assessment language. EEOC archival data for the past decade reveals that regulatory mode predicts franchise involvement in discrimination. Discriminatory behavior is associated with franchises whose mission statements motivate employees to embrace urgent action (locomotion mode) over thoughtful consideration (assessment mode). Two experiments demonstrate that participants exposed to high locomotion mission statements tend to disregard ethical standards due to their need for expediency, making significantly more discriminatory managerial decisions than those exposed to high assessment mission statements.
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| 5. |
- Lee, James J, et al.
(författare)
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Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 50:8, s. 1112-1121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1million individuals and identify 1,271independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of around 0.3% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11-13% of the variance in educational attainment and 7-10% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research.
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| 6. |
- Spanbauer, Trisha L., et al.
(författare)
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Yellowstone Lake Coring Projects : Research with a History
- 2018
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. - : Wiley. - 1539-607X .- 1539-6088. ; 27:1, s. 6-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yellowstone National Park ecosystem is a product of dynamic earth system processes, which have been of interest to scientists and the public since the park's discovery. Here, we outline the history of two successive generations of scientific collaboration in Yellowstone National Park. Early collaboration was spurred by the discovery of an unknown diatom species found in Yellowstone Lake. This prompted the first coring project in 1992 that described the morphological evolution of that species and the paleoenvironmental conditions during which it evolved. About twenty years later, the group was brought together again, with the addition of early career scientists, for a coring project focused on hydrothermal activity in the Yellowstone Lake basin. We discuss the ongoing research and analyses of core material, and conclude with the benefits of working in multigenerational interdisciplinary research groups.
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| 7. |
- Yang, Dong, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and characterization of tetrairidium clusters in the metal organic framework UiO-67 : Catalyst for ethylene hydrogenation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9517 .- 1090-2694. ; 382, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clusters that are well approximated as tetrairidium were synthesized from Ir(C2H4)2 complexes anchored to the Zr6O8 nodes of the metal organic framework (MOF) UiO-67 by treatment in H2 at 353 K. The conversion taking place within the porous MOF structure was monitored by infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, which provide evidence of tetrairidium clusters formed from the mononuclear precursors. The supported clusters were tested in a flow reactor as catalysts for ethylene conversion at 298 K and atmospheric pressure with a 1:1 M feed ratio of H2 to ethylene. The results show that the turnover frequency (per Ir atom) characterizing the clusters is twice that of the mononuclear iridium complexes, with both catalysts being active for hydrogenation and dimerization and the clusters being less selective than the complexes for dimerization. Density functional theory calculations of the reaction energetics are in good accord with experiment, showing that the rate-determining step for the hydrogenation on the isolated iridium complexes is the H2 activation on iridium, whereas the hydrogenation of an iridium-bound ethyl ligand is rate determining for the cluster.
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