| 1. |
- Calabrese, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 578:7793, s. 129-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcript alterations often result from somatic changes in cancer genomes1. Various forms of RNA alterations have been described in cancer, including overexpression2, altered splicing3 and gene fusions4; however, it is difficult to attribute these to underlying genomic changes owing to heterogeneity among patients and tumour types, and the relatively small cohorts of patients for whom samples have been analysed by both transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing. Here we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive catalogue of cancer-associated gene alterations to date, obtained by characterizing tumour transcriptomes from 1,188 donors of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)5. Using matched whole-genome sequencing data, we associated several categories of RNA alterations with germline and somatic DNA alterations, and identified probable genetic mechanisms. Somatic copy-number alterations were the major drivers of variations in total gene and allele-specific expression. We identified 649 associations of somatic single-nucleotide variants with gene expression in cis, of which 68.4% involved associations with flanking non-coding regions of the gene. We found 1,900 splicing alterations associated with somatic mutations, including the formation of exons within introns in proximity to Alu elements. In addition, 82% of gene fusions were associated with structural variants, including 75 of a new class, termed 'bridged' fusions, in which a third genomic location bridges two genes. We observed transcriptomic alteration signatures that differ between cancer types and have associations with variations in DNA mutational signatures. This compendium of RNA alterations in the genomic context provides a rich resource for identifying genes and mechanisms that are functionally implicated in cancer.
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| 2. |
- Duan, Shanghong, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of transverse and shear moduli of single carbon fibres
- 2020
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 158C, s. 772-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon fibres are extensively used for their high specific mechanical properties. Exploiting their high axial stiffness and strength, they are employed to reinforce polymer matrix materials in advanced composites. However, carbon fibres are not isotropic. Data of the elastic properties in the other directions of the fibres are still largely unknown. Furthermore, standardised methods to characterise these properties are lacking. In the present work, we propose a methodology to determine the transverse and shear moduli of single carbon fibres. An experimental procedure is developed to fabricate high-quality, flat fibre cross-sections in both longitudinal and transverse directions using Focused Ion Beam, which gives full control of the specimen geometry. Indentation modulus on those surfaces are obtained using both Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation tests. Hysteresis was found to occur in the nanoindentation tests. The hysteresis response was due to nano-buckling and reversible shear deformation of the carbon crystals. For this reason, indentation tests using AFM is recommended. From the AFM indentation tests the transverse and shear moduli of three different carbon fibres (IMS65, T800 and M60J) are successfully determined.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Xu, Johanna, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of tension during stabilization on carbon fiber multifunctionality for structural battery composites
- 2023
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we demonstrate carbon fibers with tailorable multifunctional properties for energy storage composites. Carbon fibers made from the same precursor but with different processing tensions are investigated. The applied tension during the stabilization/oxidation stage of fiber manufacturing determines the microstructure and the resulting mechanical and electrochemical performance. Understanding of the interconnected effects enables tailoring of fibers to function as electrodes in structural battery composites. The study reveals that both amorphous and crystalline phases affect the electrochemical capacity, as higher capacity is achieved by larger d-spacing as well as higher void content. Further, the study confirms the trade-off between high tensile strength and high electrochemical capacity that needs to be taken into consideration when designing multifunctional carbon fibers.
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