| 1. |
- Casanova, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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A sustainable amperometric biosensor for the analysis of ascorbic, benzoic, gallic and kojic acids through catechol detection. Innovation and signal processing
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 145:10, s. 3645-3655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we present a new catechol amperometric biosensor fabricated on the basis of naturally available enzymes in common mushrooms. The biosensor response mechanism comprises the reduction of the quinone exclusively produced in the oxidation of the catechol present in the sample, which is catalyzed by tyrosinase enzyme. The new catechol biosensor has demonstrated excellent analytical performance at increasing catechol concentrations in the sample solution, which includes superior reproducibility for several electrodes and long-term stability. On top of that, the biosensing element used in the fabrication is a sustainable material, of low-cost and presents an excellent lifetime of years. Whether the catechol biosensor is operating in the presence of a compound influencing the reactions underlying the amperometric response (such as ascorbic, benzoic, gallic and kojic acids), this serves as an analytical platform to detect these compounds in real samples. Particularly, we introduce herein for the first time different treatments to process the current signal of the biosensor pursuing the linearity needed for the analytical application in real samples. In this sense, the catechol biosensor has been successfully applied to the detection of benzoic, gallic and kojic acids in juices, teas and cosmetic products, respectively.
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| 2. |
- Miras, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical Tool for Quality Control of Irrigation Waters via a Potentiometric Electronic Tongue
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemosensors. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9040. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potentiometric electronic tongue (ET) for the analysis of well and ditch irrigation water samples is herein proposed. The sensors' array is composed of six ion-selective electrodes based on plasticized polymeric membranes with low selectivity profiles, i.e., the membranes do not contain any selective receptor. The sensors differ between them in the type of ion-exchanger (sensors for cations or anions) and the plasticizer used in the membrane composition, while the polymeric matrix and the preparation protocol were maintained. The potentiometric response of each sensor towards the main cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions (HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-) expected in irrigation water samples was characterized, revealing a fast response time (<50 s). A total of 19 samples were analyzed with the sensor array at optimized experimental conditions, but, also, a series of complementary analytical techniques were applied to obtain the exact ion composition and conductivity to develop a trustable ET. The principal component analysis of the final potential values of the dynamic response observed with each sensor in the array allows for the differentiation between most of the samples in terms of quality. Furthermore, the ET was treated with a linear multivariate regression method for the quantitative determination of the mentioned ions in the irrigation water samples, revealing rather good prediction of Mg2+, Na+, and Cl- concentrations and acceptable results for the rest of ions. Overall, the ET is a promising analytical tool for irrigation water quality, exceeding traditional characterization approaches (conductivity, salinity, pH, cations, anions, etc.) in terms of overhead costs, versatility, simplicity, and total time for data provision.
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| 3. |
- Aref, Mohaddeseh, et al.
(författare)
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Potentiometric pH Nanosensor for Intracellular Measurements: Real-Time and Continuous Assessment of Local Gradients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 93:47, s. 15744-15751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a pH nanosensor conceived for single intracellular measurements. The sensing architecture consisted of a two-electrode system evaluated in the potentiometric mode. We used solid-contact carbon nanopipette electrodes tailored to produce both the indicator (pH nanosensor) and reference electrodes. The indicator electrode was a membrane-based ion-selective electrode containing a receptor for hydrogen ions that provided a favorable selectivity for intracellular measurements. The analytical features of the pH nanosensor revealed a Nernstian response (slope of -59.5 mV/pH unit) with appropriate repeatability and reproducibility (variation coefficients of <2% for the calibration parameters), a fast response time (<5 s), adequate medium-term drift (0.7 mV h(-)(1)), and a linear range of response including physiological and abnormal cell pH levels (6.0-8.5). In addition, the position and configuration of the reference electrode were investigated in cell-based experiments to provide unbiased pH measurements, in which both the indicator and reference electrodes were located inside the same cell, each of them inside two neighboring cells, or the indicator electrode inside the cell and the reference electrode outside of (but nearby) the studied cell. Finally, the pH nanosensor was applied to two cases: (i) the tracing of the pH gradient from extra-to intracellular media over insertion into a single PC12 cell and (ii) the monitoring of variations in intracellular pH in response to exogenous administration of pharmaceuticals. It is anticipated that the developed pH nanosensor, which is a label-free analytical tool, has high potential to aid in the investigation of pathological states that manifest in cell pH misregulation, with no restriction in the type of targeted cells.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Cánovas, Rocio, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxicity Study of Ionophore-Based Membranes : Toward On Body and in Vivo Ion Sensing
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2379-3694. ; 4:9, s. 2524-2535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the most complete study to date comprising in vitro cytotoxicity tests of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) in terms of cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion assays with human dermal fibroblasts. ISMs were prepared with different types of plasticizers and ionophores to be tested in combination with assays that focus on the medium-term and long-term leaching of compounds. Furthermore, the ISMs were prepared in different configurations considering (i) inner-filling solution-type electrodes, (ii) all-solid-state electrodes based on a conventional drop-cast of the membrane, (iii) peeling after the preparation of a wearable sensor, and (iv) detachment from a microneedle-based sensor, thus covering a wide range of membrane shapes. One of the aims of this study, other than the demonstration of the biocompatibility of various ISMs and materials tested herein, is to create an awareness in the scientific community surrounding the need to perform biocompatibility assays during the the very first steps of any sensor development with an intended biomedical application. This will foster meeting the requirements for subsequent on-body application of the sensor and avoiding further problems during massive validations toward the final in vivo use and commercialization of such devices.
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| 6. |
- Cánovas, Rocio, et al.
(författare)
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Modern creatinine (Bio)sensing : Challenges of point-of-care platforms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 130, s. 110-124
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of knowing creatinine levels in the human body is related to the possible association with renal, muscular and thyroid dysfunction. Thus, the accurate detection of creatinine may indirectly provide information surrounding those functional processes, therefore contributing to the management of the health status of the individual and early diagnosis of acute diseases. The questions at this point are: to what extent is creatinine information clinically relevant?; and do modern creatinine (bio)sensing strategies fulfil the real needs of healthcare applications? The present review addresses these questions by means of a deep analysis of the creatinine sensors reported in the literature over the last five years. There is a wide range of techniques for detecting creatinine, most of them based on optical readouts (20 of the 33 papers collected in this review). However, the use of electrochemical techniques (13 of the 33 papers) is recently emerging in alignment with the search for a definitive and trustworthy creatinine detection at the point-of-care level. In this sense, biosensors (7 of the 33 papers) are being established as the most promising alternative over the years. While creatinine levels in the blood seem to provide better information about patient status, none of the reported sensors display adequate selectivity in such a complex matrix. In contrast, the analysis of other types of biological samples (e.g., saliva and urine) seems to be more viable in terms of simplicity, cross-selectivity and (bio)fouling, besides the fact that its extraction does not disturb individual's well-being. Consequently, simple tests may likely be used for the initial check of the individual in routine analysis, and then, more accurate blood detection of creatinine could be necessary to provide a more genuine diagnosis and/or support the corresponding decision-making by the physician. Herein, we provide a critical discussion of the advantages of current methods of (bio)sensing of creatinine, as well as an overview of the drawbacks that impede their definitive point-of-care establishment.
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| 7. |
- Chen, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Portable All-in-One Electrochemical Actuator-Sensor System for the Detection of Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus in Seawater
- 2023
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 95:8, s. 4180-4189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a methodology for the detection of dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) in seawater using an electrochemically driven actuator-sensor system. The motivation for this work stems from the lack of tangible solutions for the in situ monitoring of nutrients in water systems. It does not require the addition of any reagents to the sample and works under mild polarization conditions, with the sample confined to a thin-layer compartment. Subsequent steps include the oxidation of polyaniline to lower the pH, the delivery of molybdate via a molybdenum electrode, and the formation of an electroactive phosphomolybdate complex from DIP species. The phosphomolybdate complex is ultimately detected by either cyclic voltammetry (CV) or square wave voltammetry (SWV). The combined release of protons and molybdate consistently results in a sample pH < 2 as well as a sufficient excess of molybdate, fulfilling the conditions required for the stoichiometric detection of DIP. The current of the voltammetric peak was found to be linearly related to DIP concentrations between 1 and 20 μM for CV and 0.1 and 20 μM for SWV, while also being selective against common silicate interference. The analytical application of the system was demonstrated by the validated characterization of five seawater samples, revealing an acceptable degree of difference compared to chromatography measurements. This work paves the way for the future DIP digitalization in environmental waters by in situ electrochemical probes with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. It is expected to provide real-time data on anthropogenic nutrient discharges as well as the improved monitoring of seawater restoration actions.
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| 8. |
- Colozza, Noemi, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into Tripodal Tris(pyrazolyl) Compounds as Ionophores for Potentiometric Ammonium Ion Sensing
- 2022
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Ingår i: ChemElectroChem. - : Wiley. - 2196-0216. ; 9:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decentralisation of accurate determination of the ammonium ion (NH4+) is relevant for environmental monitoring (i. e., nitrogen cycle) and certain clinical applications (e. g., kidney and liver diseases). Potentiometric ionophore-based sensors are one alternative for these purposes in terms of versatile implementation, though the potassium ion (K+) is known to be a major source of interference. We herein investigate the use of three different tripodal tris(pyrazolyl) compounds derived from 1,3,5-triethylbenzene as NH4+ ionophores. A complete set of potentiometric experiments together with theoretical simulations reveals suitable analytical performance while demonstrating a suppression of the K+ interference given the formation of an adequate cavity in the ionophore to host NH4+ over K+ in the membrane environment. The results support the use of these electrodes in the analytical detection of NH4+ in a wide range of samples with variable contents.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Cuartero, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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All-solid-state potentiometric sensors : A new wave for in situ aquatic research
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Electrochemistry. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2451-9103. ; 10, s. 98-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last few years, all-solid-state potentiometric ion-selective sensors have demonstrated a huge potential for environmental water analysis. Beyond the excellent analytical performances exhibited in benchtop conditions for the detection of important targets (e.g. pH, species relevant to the carbon and nitrogen cycles, trace metals), the challenge now lies in bringing those sensors to in situ format and obtaining valuable chemical information directly in the field while minimizing or avoiding the need for sampling. Technically speaking, the instrumentation for potentiometric assessment is extremely simple, low cost and requires minimal space. In addition, the all-solid-state configuration seems ideal to fabricate miniaturized sensors with sufficient analytical performance to detect certain ions in water resources. Herein, we highlight the power of all-solid-state potentiometric sensors applied to environmental water analysis providing a threefold overview: (i) the recent materials used in the fabrication of all-solid-state polymeric membrane electrodes, both the solid contact and ion-selective membrane; (ii) a collection of the main targets explored during the last 5 years; and (iii) examples of the most recent and relevant in situ applications employing submersible equipment. Throughout the review, issues such as ‘What are the real implications of all-solid-state membrane electrodes in the environmental field?’ and ‘To what extent has the effort in developing new sensors over time been well-exploited?’ are addressed. Convincingly, all-solid-state potentiometric sensors are positioning as a unique in situ interface providing real-time data that allow for an understanding of ongoing biogeochemical processes and possible anthropogenic activities implications.
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