| 1. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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A financial evaluation of the design concept for a 'clean energy producing vessel'
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M-Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. - : SAGE Publications. - 1475-0902 .- 2041-3084. ; 229:2, s. 201-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design concept for a clean energy producing vessel' proposes the exploitation of remote offshore gas reserves, primarily from stranded fields, using a floating electrical power generation plant. In comparison to conventional approaches utilising liquefied natural gas and pipeline technologies, the clean energy producing vessel represents a highly innovative approach to the production and transportation logistics of natural gas for electricity generation. The main objective of this article is to undertake a financial evaluation of the clean energy producing vessel design concept. This is achieved by developing a financial model comprising cost and revenue modular elements that reflect the major technical components of the design concept: the floating production, storage and offloading unit; the electrical generation plant; cable transmission; carbon capture and electricity prices. The results for net present value and internal rate of return are derived for all combinations of either high- or low-revenue scenarios and for high- or low-cost scenarios. With a rather low internal rate of return of just 15.53%, the only scenario that yields a positive outcome is that of the high-revenue and low-cost combination. Accounting for savings in carbon dioxide emissions exerts only a negligible impact upon the results. Analysis of future research required concludes that following its deployment and implementation, the feasibility of the clean energy producing vessel design concept depends on the outcomes of economic and technological assessments, which are difficult to predict with any degree of certainty.
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| 4. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric Emissions from Shipping: The Need for Regulation and Approaches to Compliance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transport reviews. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327. ; 33:4, s. 377-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shipping has traditionally been viewed as the least environmentally damaging mode of freight transport. Recent studies have increasingly questioned this perception, as attention has focused on both the greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO 2 ) and the emission of health-damaging pollutants (such as sulphur, nitrogen oxides and particulates) by ships. This paper reviews the avail- able evidence on the atmospheric emissions of shipping. It proposes that the profit objective has prompted the pursuit of greater fuel efficiency within the sector, but that reliance on market forces alone is insufficient to deliver on the environmental imperative. The paper outlines the current and planned regulatory regime for the atmospheric emissions from ships and posits that greater, and more diverse, market regulation is required. Alternative general approaches to regulatory com- pliance are categorised as ‘alternative sources of energy’ or ‘abatement technologies’ and the charac- teristics of a range of specific options are analysed. The paper concludes that although the shipping industry has been slow to improve its environmental credentials, a combination of regulation and technological innovation provides it with significant potential to dramatically reduce its environ- mental impact.
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| 5. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking the performance of Swedish Rail Freight Rolling Stock: A Conceptual Approach to Setting Tariffs using Data Envelopment Analysis
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many ways to improve the efficiency of a railway system. Many are inherently long-term and involve significant investment. This paper proposes the more immediate, simpler and cheaper approach of incentivising the use of better rolling stock through appropriate infrastructure charging and thereby reducing the number of problems arising and the costs imposed on other rail users, the infrastructure providers and society. It is posited that infrastructure charges should be differentiated to reflect differences in the performance of rolling stock and that this can be achieved purely and simply on the basis of technical and other characteristics. Utilising an existing database, the performance benchmarking of rolling stock is proposed as the basis for formulating and justifying a performance-based tariff structure. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is the preferred method of analysis by which relative measures (in index form) of rolling stock performance can be derived and benchmark performance identified. The paper provides a theoretical conceptualisation of how this might be applied to rail freight rolling stock in order to develop a tariff structure for infrastructure charges which is functionally dependent upon the derived relative benchmark values of performance (quality). The proposed approach has several advantages: no supplementary data collection is required; once the strategic decision is taken as to the level of marginal (social) cost to be recouped, the setting of the tariff becomes deterministic and only needs to be periodically reviewed; following its introduction, the analysis required for reviewing tariffs is relatively straightforward; DEA output provides management with useful information on achieving improved performance; and the potential exists for applying this proposed approach to both passenger rolling stock and within a multinational context. The paper concludes that the proposed approach will greatly simplify the basis upon which infrastructure charges are levied on rail users, while maintaining the possibility of differentiating the tariff structure by specific train path, network link and/or capacity utilisation. It also reinforces the principle of marginal cost pricing. Ultimately, the implementation of this approach will support the objective to increase long-term robustness and reduce disruptions to railways.
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| 6. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the Quality of Sweden’s Rail Freight Rolling Stock: The use of DEA in Benchmarking and Pricing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Benchmarking : An International Journal. - 1463-5771 .- 1758-4094. ; 24:6, s. 1552-1570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper provides a theoretical conceptualization of how data envelopment analysis can be applied to rail freight rolling stock in order to develop a tariff for track access charges which is functionally dependent upon the derived relative benchmark values of performance. Design/methodology/approach: It is posited that track access charges should be differentiated to reflect differences in the performance of rolling stock and that this can be achieved purely on the basis of technical and other characteristics. The performance benchmarking of rolling stock is proposed as the basis for formulating and justifying a performance-based tariff structure. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), relative index measures of rolling stock performance can be derived, benchmark performance identified and a tariff structure developed. Findings – A workable approach to implementing the concept, utilising existing in-house databases, is found to be feasible and a template for tariff-setting is established. Research limitations/implications – In the absence of access to in-house technical data on rolling stock which is commercially sensitive, no empirical application of the concept is possible. Originality/value – There are many ways to improve the efficiency of a railway system. Many are inherently long-term and involve significant investment. Using Sweden as an example, this paper proposes the more immediate, simpler and cheaper approach of incentivising the use of better rolling stock through appropriate track access charging. Such an approach should reduce the number of problems arising on the rail network and the costs imposed on other rail users, the infrastructure providers and society. Ultimately, the implementation of this approach would support the objective of increasing long-term robustness and reducing disruptions to railways
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| 7. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Policy on Reducing Shipping Emissions: Implications for ‘Green Ports’
- 2018
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Ingår i: Green ports : inland and seaside sustainable transportation strategies / edited by Rickard Bergqvist and Jason Monios. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 9780128140543
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shipping has traditionally been viewed as the least environmentally damaging mode of freight transport. Recent studies have increasingly questioned this perception, as attention has focused on both the greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO2) and the emission of health-damaging pollutants (such as sulfur, nitrogen oxides, and particulates) by ships. This chapter reviews the available evidence on the atmospheric emissions of shipping and proposes that reliance on market forces alone is insufficient to deliver on the environmental imperative. The current and planned regulatory regime for improving the industry's environmental footprint is outlined and posits that greater, and more diverse, market regulation is required. The implications of emerging shipping regulations for ports, particularly those claiming the “green port” label, are highlighted. The chapter concludes that, although the shipping industry has been slow to improve its environmental credentials, a combination of regulation and technological innovation provides it with significant potential to dramatically reduce its environmental impact, and that ports have a pivotal role to play in supporting this objective. In order to do so, however, ports will need to look beyond their traditional operational milieu.
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| 8. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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RAIL FREIGHT QUALITY -THE CONTEXT OF SWEDISH RAIL FREIGHT AND A ROLLING STOCK INDEX
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nationell konferens i transportforskning 2015. ; 21-22 oktober Karlstads universitet
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many ways to improve the efficiency of a railway system. Many involve huge sums of money. However, an interim, less expensive method is to more strongly encourage the use of more efficient and less environmentally damaging rolling stock. There are many rail operators using the Swedish rail system. Some are dedicated to using up-to-date stock which is less prone to breakdowns, is gentler on the tracks and better for the environment. Other companies, however, are less concerned with the modernity of their stock and the impact it has on the whole railway system or the environment. A method is needed to encourage the use of the former and discourage the use of the latter. Without a way of analysing, benchmarking and monitoring performance, however, it is difficult to move forward. Fees can have a controlling function in all phases of the allocation of capacity. A more differentiated fee model means that the fee is raised and differentiated by vehicle characteristics and to train path connected to capacity utilization. This strategy will allow the connection to the marginal cost principle is reinforced (which is consistent with the legislature's intentions). This will be done by taking into account actual differences in vehicle wear, and partly by fees clearer reflects the capacity utilization of the railway infrastructure at different times and on different locations. This approach would strengthen and make visible the link between traffic operation and maintenance needs, and emphasize the importance of capacity utilized effectively. The aim is to increase long-term robustness and reduce disruptions to railways. The Swedish Transport Administration suggest that differentiated track and train path charges becomes key element of the fee structure (Trafikverket, 2013). Trafikverket (2013) also state that track access charges could also be designed to cover the social marginal cost of environmental impacts and noise emissions or differentiated by such costs. Quality charges were introduced in 2012. The Swedish Transport Administration believes that these could become effective instruments to complement other charges by affecting actors' behavior in the operational stage, i.e. during the implementation of the timetable. The quality of the train is measured in terms of the number of delay minutes, namely the additional delay that occurs between two timetable points during the journey. The current development of differentiated infrastructure charges generates a complicated and complex interrelated fee structure where costs, environmental, social and quality factors are included. We propose that several of these factors and components in fact could be integrated into an index construct of rolling stock to facilitate simple understanding of the rolling stock characteristics and performance as well as act as a benchmarking index. Given this background, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the need for a method of incentivising the use of more sustainable rolling stock in the Swedish rail freight sector and propose a possible benchmarking index. Key words: rail quality, differentiated charges, rolling stock
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| 9. |
- Cullinane, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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The reverse logistics of cross-border e-tailing in Europe: Developing a research agenda to assess the environmental impacts
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Logistics. - 1947-9573 .- 1947-9581. ; 8:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to develop a research agenda to analyze the potential environmental implications of the reverse logistics involved in the B2C element of cross-border clothing e-tailing. Based on a combination of literature review and primary case study data from five major clothing retailers and two logistics service providers in Sweden, a categorization of cross-border reverse chain possibilities is developed. Seven reverse chain types are identified and it is shown that all of the five retailers use multiple reverse chain types. The results are subsequently used to highlight research gaps and define a future research agenda which will enable a more complete environmental analysis of the impacts of online clothes shopping incorporating both the outward and reverse elements.
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| 10. |
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Airline Economics in Europe
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, the European air transport industry has seen a number of important changes, with more on the horizon. This comprehensive work presents a multi-faceted analysis of the air industry in Europe, how it has developed in recent years, and how it is set to develop further into the future. The work brings together leading experts in the field from across the continent to address the burning issues affecting this significant sector of the European transportation arena. It begins with a scene-setting contribution that outlines the detail of the regulatory context within which the European airline sector operates. We then move on to look at some of the strategic responses to this evolving regulatory context. In this respect, the specifics of some relevant business models, the competitive context (particularly with respect to pricing and profitability), changes in the productivity of European airlines relative to the global industry and the issue of joint ventures in the transatlantic market are all dealt with in some detail. The focus then shifts to the analysis of more niche sectors within the European aviation sector, specifically the business aviation and air cargo markets. The volume finishes with more specific works which address key issues in today’s European airline market, namely the adoption of new propulsion technology and the ever-present environmental impacts associated with aircraft noise.
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