| 1. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Voltage dip immunity aspects of power-electronics equipment : Recommendations from CIGRE/CIRED/UIE JWG C4.110
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2010 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC 2010). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. ; , s. 803-810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents some of the results from an international working group on voltage-dip immunity. The working group has made a number of recommendations to reduce the adverse impact of voltage dips. Specific recommendations to researchers and manufacturers of powerelectronic equipment are: considering all voltage dip characteristics early in the design of equipment; characterize performance of equipment by means of voltage-dip immunity curves; and made equipment with different immunity available
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| 2. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Voltage dip immunity aspects of power electronics equipment : Recommendations from CIGRE/CIRED/UIE JWG C4.110
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, EPQU. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467303798 ; , s. 803-810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents some of the results from an international working group on voltage-dip immunity. The working group has made a number of recommendations to reduce the adverse impact of voltage dips. Specific recommendations to researchers and manufacturers of power-electronic equipment are: considering all voltage dip characteristics early in the design of equipment; characterize performance of equipment by means of voltage-dip immunity curves; and made equipment with different immunity available.
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| 3. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations - Messages to stakeholders
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 IEEE 15th International Conferenceon Harmonics and Quality of Power. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467319447 - 9781467319430 ; , s. 915-919
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the messages to the stakeholders on voltage-dip immunity as extracted by UIE WG2 from CIGRE TB412 [1]. The paper summarizes the main recommendations from this technical brochure in the form of messages towards regulators, standard-setting-organizations, network operators, industrial customers, equipment manufacturers, and power quality monitor manufacturers, researchers.
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| 4. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
-
Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations messages to stakeholders
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; 1:10, s. 452-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the messages to the stakeholders on voltage-dip immunity as extracted by UIE WG2 from CIGRE TB412 [1]. The paper summarizes the main recommendations from this technical brochure in the form of messages towards regulators, standard-setting-organizations, network operators, industrial customers, equipment manufacturers, and power quality monitor manufacturers, researchers.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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A wind park emitting characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC 2010). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424478569 ; , s. S14-22-S14-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows measurements of the emission of harmonics by a small windpark. The spectrum consists of the characteristic harmonics associated with six-pulse converters and a broadband spectrum covering frequencies at which emission normally is not present. These frequencies are caused by the switching pattern of the power-electronics converters. Similar spectra have been reported by other authors and for other types of modern converters. Whereas the actual emission is small, the presence of emission at non-characteristic frequencies could result in voltage distortion limits being exceeded.
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| 8. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the needs of the customer in the electricity network of the future
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of the electric power system and the electricity network (power grid) is to supply electrical energy to the consumers. The interest of those consumers is in the price of electricity and in the performance of the delivery of the electrical energy. For the electricity producers, the aim of the grid is to enable the transport of electricity from them to the consumers. Also for the producers the importance is in costs and performance. Performance of the grid is typically divided into two parts: continuity of supply and voltage quality.The appearance of the smart grid, introduced as the use of new technology, methodology or market principles, to address new challenges, impacts continuity of supply and voltage quality. Such challenges include new types of production, new types of consumption, and electricity markets, but also increasing demands by customers on continuity of supply and voltage quality.This paper discusses a number of examples of new thinking for addressing the challenges that the power system has to cope with.An alternative approach for overload protection of subtransmission grids will be proposed, where the “smartness” is in the fact that the overload protection does not remove the overloaded component but the cause of the overload. Upon detection of an overload, the protection disconnects part or whole of curtailable customers to reduce the current through the lines to a level below the overload limit. As a result subtransmission lines can be operated without any reserve, so that more customers can be connected for the same costs while at the same time the continuity of supply for the non-curtailable customers is not impacted.The limits set to the hosting capacity by the risk of overvoltages due to distributed generation can be removed either by new technology (curtailment of production) or by allowing occasional overvoltages. An example will be provided to show the probability of an overvoltage occurring with a low-voltage customer when increasing amounts of wind power are connected to a medium-voltage feeder.An example of the measured emission from wind turbines will be presented. Allowing higher levels of non-characteristic harmonics is a possible alternative for strict emission limits on new installations.The provided examples of the use of new technology and/or new ways of thinking are part of the transition to the smart grid. Such new thinking in combination with new technology will be an important element in the transition to the future electricity network i.e. the “smart grid”. With any design or operation issue of the power system it remains important to always keep the main aims of the power system in mind: to maintain acceptable continuity of supply and voltage quality for all network users at a reasonable price.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Yang, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonic emission study of individual wind turbines and a wind park
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper analyses the measured emission from four individual modern turbines of about 2MW size equipped with power electronics. The four turbines show different long term spectra and their spectra also show different variations with time. The harmonic emission from individual turbines consists of harmonic and interharmonic spectra. This emission was shown to be low, with the exception of certain non-characteristic frequency components. The measured emission from individual wind turbines has been compared with emission limits. When IEEE Std 519 is applied, for two of the turbines the limits are exceeded for higher odd harmonics. At the same time, these turbines comply with the national French emission limits. Next, a study of the primary harmonic emission of a wind park as a whole was performed. It is concluded that the emission from a park can be higher as well as lower than the emission that would be obtained by adding the harmonic magnitudes of the individual turbine emissions. © 2013, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ).
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