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| 2. |
- O Reese, Matthew, et al.
(author)
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Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices
- 2011
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In: SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0927-0248. ; 95:5, s. 1253-1267
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Procedures for testing organic solar cell devices and modules with respect to stability and operational lifetime are described. The descriptions represent a consensus of the discussion and conclusions reached during the first 3 years of the international summit on OPV stability (ISOS). The procedures include directions for shelf life testing, outdoor testing, laboratory weathering testing and thermal cycling testing, as well as guidelines for reporting data. These procedures are not meant to be qualification tests, but rather generally agreed test conditions and practices to allow ready comparison between laboratories and to help improving the reliability of reported values. Failure mechanisms and detailed degradation mechanisms are not covered in this report.
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| 3. |
- Currier, Russell W, et al.
(author)
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The evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans: brief discussions of some individual organisms.
- 2011
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In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1749-6632 .- 0077-8923. ; 1230, s. 74-107, s. 74-107
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The following series of concise summaries addresses the evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans from the perspective of three specific questions: (1) what have we learned about the likely origin and phylogeny, up to the establishment of the infectious agent in the genital econiche, including the relative frequency of its sexual transmission; (2) what further research is needed to provide additional knowledge on some of these evolutionary aspects; and (3) what evolutionary considerations might aid in providing novel approaches to the more practical clinical and public health issues facing us currently and in the future?
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| 4. |
- Del Tredici, Andria L., et al.
(author)
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Identification of novel selective V-2 receptor non-peptide agonists
- 2008
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In: Biochemical Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-2952 .- 1356-1839. ; 76:9, s. 1134-1141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Peptides with agonist activity at the vasopressin V-2 receptor are used clinically to treat fluid homeostasis disorders such as polyuria and central diabetes insipidus. of these peptides, the most commonly used is desmopressin, which displays poor bioavailability as well as potent activity at the V-1b receptor, with possible stress-related adverse effects. Thus, there is a strong need for the development of small molecule chemistries with selective V-2 receptor agonist activity. Using the functional cell-based assay Receptor Selection and Amplification Technology (R-SAT (R)), a screening effort identified three small molecule chemotypes (AC-94544, AC-88324, and AC-110484) with selective agonist activity at the V-2 receptor. One of these compounds, AC-94544, displayed over 180-fold selectivity at the V-2 receptor compared to related vasopressin and oxytocin receptors and no activity at 28 other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). All three compounds also showed partial agonist activity at the V-2 receptor in a cAMP accumulation assay. In addition, in a rat model of central diabetes insipidus, AC-94544 was able to significantly reduce urine output in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, AC-94544, AC-88324, and AC-110484 represent novel opportunities for the treatment of disorders associated with V-2 receptor agonist deficiency.
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| 6. |
- Wilken, Norman, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of the Effect of Accelerated Hydrothermal Aging on the Cu Sites in a Cu-BEA Catalyst for NH3-SCR Applications
- 2013
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In: Topics in Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-9028 .- 1022-5528. ; 56:1-8, s. 317-322
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of hydrothermal aging between 500 and 900 A degrees C for 3 h, on the structure of a Cu-Beta catalyst was studied in this work. The XRD measurements indicated a structural breakdown of the zeolite upon 900 A degrees C hydrothermal aging. This was confirmed from the loss of surface area as measured by BET method. The temperature for the zeolite structure break down was different between the powder bed as opposed to the sample that was washcoated on a cordierite monolith, which was most likely due to slightly different aging conditions and the presence of binders. The strong increase in the intensity of the Cu2p XPS peak indicated that the surface is enriched of copper at higher temperatures due to the zeolite structure collapse. The presence of CuO is usually accompanied by a satellite peak, which was clearly observed at higher binding energies for the catalysts aged at 800 and 900 A degrees C. The XPS results are in good agreement with the UV-Vis experiments, which also point to the formation of copper oxide after high temperature aging.
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| 7. |
- Wilken, Norman, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Mechanistic investigation of hydrothermal aging of Cu-Beta for ammonia SCR
- 2012
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In: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 111, s. 58-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over a Cu-BEA catalyst was studied after hydrothermal aging between 500 and 900 degrees C. The corresponding catalyst was characterized using XPS and XRD techniques in the aging interval of 500, 700 and 800 degrees C. No structural changes during the aging process were observed. However, the oxidation state of copper changed during aging and more Cu2+ was formed. We suggest that one of the deactivation mechanisms is the decrease of the Cu+ species. The NO oxidation and NH3 oxidation activity was decreased with increasing aging temperature. Further, we observed that the ammonia oxidation was decreased faster compared to the SCR reactions at low aging temperatures. The experiments from the calorimeter as well as from the ammonia TPD investigations indicate a trend towards more weakly bound ammonia with higher aging temperatures. From the results of the SCR experiments using different NO2/NOx ratios and ammonia oxidation experiments we suggest that most of the N2O is coming from side reactions of the SCR mechanism and not from reactions between NH3 and O-2 alone. Interestingly, we observe that after the 900 degrees C aging a quite large activity remained for the case with 75% NO2/NOx ratio. The N2O production shows a maximum at 200 degrees C, but increases again at higher temperatures. However, the N2O formed at low temperature is decreased after hydrothermal aging while the high temperature N2O is increased. We propose that the different reactions examined in this work do not all occur on the same type of sites, since we observe different aging trends for some of the reactions.
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| 8. |
- Wilken, Norman, 1983, et al.
(author)
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The effect of accelerated hydrothermal aging on NH 3-SCR over Cu-Hbea catalyst
- 2011
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In: 11AIChE - 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings. - 9780816910700
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diesel engines have good fuel efficiency. However, the excess of oxygen that is fed into the engine is also present in the exhaust stream. This disables the selectivity of the standard three-way catalyst towards NO x. The influence of hydrothermal aging on the SCR mechanism was studied. A trend towards less strong bound ammonia for higher aging temperatures is observed, which agreed with TPD experiments. Ammonia SCR is an important technique for reducing NO x from diesel and lean burn gasoline engines. Zeolite based catalysts are a good choice for this reaction. However, they can be hydrothermally aged. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting (Minneapolis, MN 10/16-21/2011).
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