| 1. |
- Cevik-Aras, Hulya, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble LPS receptor CD14 is increased in saliva of patients with geographic tongue
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 81:2, s. 137-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The soluble bacterial pattern recognition receptor, sCD14 augments inflammatory responses in oral cavity. The aim of the study was to investigate whether patients with geographic tongue (GT) with and without fissured tongue (FT) have impaired inflammatory regulation, manifesting as increased levels of sCD14 in the saliva. Material and Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the amount of sCD14 in whole and parotid saliva of patients diagnosed with GT (GT whole, n = 21; GT parotid, n = 23) and control subjects (GT whole, n = 25; GT parotid, n = 18). The levels of sCD14 were also evaluated according to our previous clinical assessment of GT based on the number of lesions detected on the tongue, as 'mild' (a single lesion), 'moderate' (2-5 lesions), or 'severe' (>= 6 lesions). Diagnosis of FT was established when multiple grooves or fissures were observed on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. Results GT patients had significantly higher sCD14 levels in whole (p<.05) and parotid saliva (p<.001), compared with controls. GT patients with FT had significantly increased sCD14 levels only in parotid saliva. A gradual increase in sCD14 levels in parotid and unstimulated saliva was seen in GT patients with multiple tongue lesions compared with single lesions. Conclusions GT patients had increased sCD14 in both parotid and unstimulated saliva. sCD14 seems to increase local inflammatory responses, which suggests its involvement in the pathophysiology of GT.
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| 2. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with geographic tongue and fissured tongue
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:3, s. 210-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of systemic diseases, use of medications, allergies and tobacco habits with geographic tongue (GT) and fissured tongue (FT) lesions. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the clinical characteristics of tongue lesions and to compare the overall results for referred and non-referred patients. Methodology: Non-referred patients with GT (GTgp; n=130) and FT (FTgp; n=62) were examined by general practitioners (gp) and compared to a control group without oral mucosal lesions (C; n=1029). Referred patients with GT (GTs; n=166) and FT (FTs; n=15) were examined by oral medicine specialists (s) and compared to GTgp and FTgp. Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired t-test or Fisher's exact test. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to control for age and gender as confounders. Results: Compared to the C group, GTgp patients used more anti-hypertensive medications and Swedish snus (p<0.01). The GTgp group consisted of older males (p<0.001) compared to C. Compared to the GTgp group, the GTs group was younger, more likely to have symptomatic lesions (p<0.0001) and comprised of more females. Among the groups examined, FT patients had the highest mean age. Conclusion: This study identified an association between GT and anti-hypertensive medications, as well as the use of Swedish snus. It also found differences in the activities and symptoms of the lesions between referred patients and their counterparts who were seen in general dental practice; these parameters influenced the results when these conditions were taken into account.
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| 3. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Langerhans Cells, T Cells, and B Cells in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Leukoplakia
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Dentistry. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8728 .- 1687-8736. ; 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral leukoplakia (LPL) have different pathogenetic profiles, both may involve chronic inflammation. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the inflammatory cell profiles of OLP and LPL. The inflammatory cell infiltrates in patients with OLP and LPL were analyzed for the presence of Langerhans cells (LCs; CD1a), T cells (CD3), and B cells (CD20), as well as for the proliferation marker Ki-67. Biopsied specimens from patients with OLP (N = 14) and LPL without dysplasia (N = 13) were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies directed against CD1a, CD3, CD20, and Ki-67, followed by quantitative analyses. A significant increase in the number of CD3+ cells and CD20+ cells was found in the submucosa of OLP, as compared to LPL (p<0.01). Likewise, the number of CD3+ cells was significantly higher in the epithelium of OLP than of LPL (p<0.05). No differences were found in the expression of Ki-67 and the number of CD1a+ cells between the two groups. Although an immune response is elicited in both conditions, there are differences at the cellular level between OLP and LPL. A more robust immune activation involving T cells and B cells is seen in OLP. The role of B cells in OLP needs to be further elucidated. Although the number of B cells in LPL is low, their role in the inflammatory response cannot be ruled out.
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| 4. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Lingual microbiota profiles of patients with geographic tongue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Microbiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-2297. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geographic tongue (GT) is an oral mucosal lesion that affects the tongue. The association between GT and the bacterial colonization profiles of the tongue is not clear. Lingual swabs were collected from lesion sites and healthy sites of 35 patients with GT (19 males and 16 females; M-age = 54.3 +/- 16.1 years) and 22 controls (12 males and 10 females; M-age = 56.3 +/- 15.8 years). Bacterial DNA was extracted and sequenced by next-generation sequencing. At the phylum level, Fusobacteria were significantly less abundant, while Spirochaetes were significantly more abundant in GT patients compared to controls. At the operational taxonomic units level, multivariate analysis revealed distinct clusters for the three groups based on the lingual microbiota composition. Acinetobacter and Delftia were significantly associated with GT lesion and healthy sites. However, Microbacterium, Leptospira, Methylotenera, and Lactococcus were significantly associated with GT lesion sites. Additionally, Mogibacterium and Simonsiella were significantly associated with GT healthy sites and controls. The changes in the lingual microbiota profiles of patients with GT imply a shift in the lingual bacterial ecology. However, it remains unknown if this shift is a consequence of the lesions or of factors associated with the initiation and progression of the disease.
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| 5. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative detection of epidermal growth factor and interleukin-8 in whole saliva of healthy individuals
- 2014
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Ingår i: JIM - Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1759. ; 408, s. 46-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study aims to create consensus concerning the use of a methodology by which the handling of saliva is standardized and quantitative detection of IL-8 and EGF in whole saliva is achieved. Our study involves evaluating the extent to which the pre-treatment of saliva samples with an anionic detergent – sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) – improved detection levels for IL-8 and EGF. Methods: Whole saliva samples (n = 28) were collected from healthy individuals and a protease inhibitor cocktail was added immediately. They were treated with either SDS or PBS for 20 min and were then applied to a sandwich ELISA. Results and conclusions: Saliva is a complex viscous fluid that requires degrading before the analysis of salivary biomarkers. We found that pre-treatment of samples with SDS significantly increased the detection levels for both EGF (293%) and IL-8 (346%) when compared with PBS-treated pairs (⁎⁎⁎P b 0.001). According to the results we recommend: (i) pre-treatment of whole saliva samples with SDS for quantitative analysis (ii) using secretory output instead of concentration in the presentation of results to avoid individual variations and (iii) taking into consideration gender, age and meal intake since these have an impact on the secretory output of salivary proteins.
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| 6. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary levels of interleukin-8 and growth factors are modulated in patients with geographic tongue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : Wiley. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 23:6, s. 757-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the levels of salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with geographic tongue (GT), as compared to control subjects. Methodology: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of IL-8, EGF and VEGF in whole saliva samples collected from 34 patients with GT and 38 control subjects. The patients and controls were grouped and matched according to age, gender and the presence of systemic diseases, which are factors that may influence the levels of salivary biomarkers. Results: All patients with GT displayed significantly higher levels of IL-8 than the controls (P < 0.001). The young female patients also showed reduced levels of EGF (P < 0.05) and VEGF (P < 0.05), as compared to the young male patients where no such differences were observed. Interestingly, high levels of IL-8 (P < 0.001) and VEGF (P < 0.05) were detected in the patients with GT who also suffered from hypertension. Conclusion: We consider IL-8 an inflammatory mediator, which contributes to the acute inflammatory response found in GT. EGF and VEGF also seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of GT.
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| 7. |
- Dhafar, W., et al.
(författare)
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Reasons for Third Molars Extraction by Different Health Care Providers
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences. - 2277-3657. ; 9:2, s. 189-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Third molars extraction is one of the most common surgical procedures in daily dental practice. However, the reasons for extraction varies in the literature. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the reasons for the extraction of third molars. The secondary objectives were to evaluate if patient-and dentist- related factors affect the reasons for extraction. Methodology: A questionnaire was completed by health care providers in four dental centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 195 patients (118 females and 77 males), who had their third molars extracted (n=227) were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results: Caries (42.3%) and prophylaxis (39.2%) were the most common reasons for the extraction of third molars. Extraction for prophylactic reasons was significantly higher among female patients and patients younger than 40 years old (p <0.01 and p <0.05, respectively). Furthermore, the decision to extract for prophylactic reasons was significantly higher among specialists or consultants as compared to students, interns or residents (74.0% vs. 26.0%; p<0.001). No difference was found between maxillary and mandibular third molars extraction. Conclusion: This study identified caries and prophylaxis as the most common causes of third molars extraction. It was also found that patients' age, gender, as well as dentists' qualification were factors influencing the reasons for extraction.
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| 8. |
- Ganesh, Divya, et al.
(författare)
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EZH2 Expression Correlates With T-Cell Infiltration in Oral Leukoplakia and Predicts Cancer Transformation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 43:4, s. 1533-1542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: The EZH2 complex is involved in cellular proliferation and modulates the immune response in cancer. Less is known about the importance of EZH2 in precancerous lesions such as oral leukoplakia (OL). The aim of the study was to explore the association between EZH2 expression, immune activation, and cancer transformation in OL. Patients and Methods: Analyses were retrospectively performed on nine OL cases that had undergone transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC; OL-ca) and nine that had not undergone transformation (OL-non). EZH2-expressing cells, CD3+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD1a+ Langerhans cells were visualized with immunohistofluorescence and counted. Results: A moderate positive correlation between CD3-and EZH2-expressing and CD8-and EZH2-expressing cells in the epithelium was found (r=0.57, p=0.01; r=0.59, p=0.01). The number of EZH2-expressing cells in the epithelium of OL-ca was significantly higher compared to OL-non (p=0.0002). Cancer - free survival rates differed significantly between patients with EZH2high compared to EZH2low expression (p=0.001). EZH2high expression in OL epithelium was associated with a 13-fold higher risk for developing OSCC (HR=12.8). Conclusion: EZH2 expression in oral epithelium predicts OSCC transformation of OL and correlates with the level of T-cell infiltration.
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| 9. |
- Garsjo, V., et al.
(författare)
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Increased levels of calprotectin in the saliva of patients with geographic tongue
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : Wiley. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 26:3, s. 558-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We investigated whether patients with geographic tongue have increased salivary levels of calprotectin and whether there is a correlation between the salivary levels of calprotectin and interleukin 8 (IL-8), which is another marker of inflammation. Methods Twenty-three patients diagnosed with geographic tongue and 32 control subjects without oral mucosal lesions were included in the study. The patients with geographic tongue were classified based on clinical appearance and number of oral lesions. ELISAs were used to determine the levels of calprotectin and IL-8 in whole saliva samples. Results There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary output of calprotectin in patients with geographic tongue compared with the healthy controls (62 +/- 9,1 vs. 37,5 +/- 4,7 mu g/min; p = .0134). Furthermore, the levels of calprotectin correlated positively with the number of oral lesions in patients with geographic tongue. There was also a significant and positive correlation between the salivary levels of calprotectin and IL-8, both for the patients with geographic tongue and the controls. Conclusion This study supports the notion that GT is an inflammatory disease, in which the activation of neutrophils and production of calprotectin in the saliva may play roles in its pathogenesis.
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| 10. |
- Robledo-Sierra, J., et al.
(författare)
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A mechanistic linkage between oral lichen planus and autoimmune thyroid disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 24:6, s. 1001-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo determine the levels of antithyroid antibodies and thyroid hormones in the sera of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), and to quantify the expression of thyroid proteins in OLP lesions. Subjects and MethodsVenous blood samples were drawn from 110 patients with OLP who had no history of thyroid disease or levothyroxine supplementation (OLP+/LT4-). A random population sample of 657 healthy subjects was used as the control group. Two additional groups were used as comparators. Immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses were performed on tissue specimens collected from the patients with OLP and thyroid disease and healthy subjects. ResultsNo association was found between the presence of antithyroid antibodies and OLP. More patients in the OLP+/LT4- group showed high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and low levels of free thyroxine than were seen in the control group. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor was more highly expressed in the OLP lesions of patients with thyroid disease than in the healthy oral mucosa. ConclusionsA significant number of patients with OLP who are not previously diagnosed with thyroid disease have thyroid parameters that are compatible with hypothyroidism. The expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in OLP lesions suggests that mechanisms related to autoimmune thyroid disease are involved in the aetiology of OLP.
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