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| 2. |
- Andersson, David Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Unemployment in European regions: structural problems versus the Eurozone hypothesis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - Oxford University Press : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 15:5, s. 883-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unemployment rates differ dramatically across European regions. This article analyses these differences by integrating institutional and spatial perspectives into a unified dynamic framework distinguishing between slow and fast processes of change. The framework forms the basis for an econometric model that is used to analyse labour market differences among European Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques 2 regions. The results of random-effects models indicate that four key factors—all of which are of the slowly changing type—explain a large part of the variation in unemployment as well as employment rates. Flexible labour market regulations and above-average levels of interpersonal trust are institutional factors that reduce unemployment. Accessibility factors such as inter-regional transport connectivity and local access to skilled workers have similarly substantial effects. Whether a region belongs to the Eurozone or not seems to be less important.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Åke E., et al.
(författare)
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Location and spatial clustering of artists
- 2014
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Ingår i: Regional Science and Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0462 .- 1879-2308. ; 47:1, s. 128-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surveys of artists' location choices show that they disproportionately reside in large cities. This paper introduces a model that attempts to explain this urban preference. The model includes four factors: access to other artists; access to consumer demand; access to service jobs; and housing affordability. These four factors are combined in a spatial equilibrium model. An equilibrium spatial distribution of artists is derived from the model and is correlated with the actual distribution among Swedish municipalities. Subsequently, the model is used for an econometric estimation of factor effects. The results show that access to other artists and local access to service jobs are important localization factors. Educated labor used as a proxy for consumer demand has a significant effect on artists' location choices.
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| 5. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara
(författare)
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Do University Units Differ in the Efficiency of Resource Utilization? : – a case study of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many efficiency studies have been conducted to look at the relative performance of universities. Judgments were made on the overall performance of universities compared to the best performing ones in the sample. Meanwhile the possibility of efficiency variation within the same university was not taken into account. The focus of this paper is on the measurement of technical efficiency within the units of the same university. It is interesting to see if the average efficiency score of university can reflect the performance of various units operating within the same technical university. The analysis is conducted for the Royal Institute of Technology of Sweden (KTH), using the data from the Research Assessment Exercise conducted by KTH in 2008. *It provides a unique opportunity of quantifying different teaching and research outputs while controlling for quality. Technical efficiency scores are estimated using non-parametric production frontier methodologies. Different model specifications are tested.
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| 6. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara
(författare)
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Do University Units Differ in the Efficiency of Resource Utilization? : a case study of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. - 2050-7003 .- 1758-1184.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The efficiency of universities is attracting increased interest, with most studies comparing the performance between different universities. However, the within-university variation is largely overlooked in the literature. Using data envelopment analysis this paper identifies heterogeneity in the performance of 47 units of a leading Swedish university (the Royal Institute of Technology) in terms of resource utilization. The findings suggest the following:First, three quarters of the units exhibit similar high performance. Second, the units are more efficient in using resources for research than for teaching. Third, efficiency in research is highly correlated with efficiency in teaching, implying a complementary relationship.
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| 7. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship among university graduates
- 2010
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Ingår i: 50th Anniversary of European Congress of the Regional Science Association Jönköping, Sweden, 19-23 August, 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to shed light upon entrepreneurship among university graduates. We are interested in differences across educational areas and among universities regarding entrepreneurial selection and performance. The paper differs from similar studies in two respects. In order to broaden the common definitions used to measure entrepreneurship we suggest a typology making it possible to differentiate between various types of entrepreneurs. Secondly, we differentiate between both level of education, area of education and university of graduation. In order to capture some of the uncertainties related to the choice among our entrepreneurial categories we use individual time series income data.Using cross-section data on Swedish graduates we examine the impact of university on entrepreneurial choice and performance of graduates from 44 Swedish universities. A separate analysis is done for graduates of 5 education fields to control for heterogeneity of education. The results suggest that entrepreneurial preferences differ by education fields, that graduates of some universities are more entrepreneurial than others. We also find that the preferences for different entrepreneurial occupations differ across universities. As to the university effect on graduates’ earnings we find significant university effect for only a small group of universities, which differ by field of education and entrepreneurial category.
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| 8. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship and Arts Related Education
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Ingår i: Journal of Labor Economics. - 0734-306X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to improve understanding of the observed high level of entrepreneurship among arts graduates. Specifically, the entrepreneurship rates of university graduates in the arts, architecture and engineering are compared. The occupational choice model applied has three options: wage employment, owning and a combination of the two.The utility function governing the choice includes income as well as an indicator of the disutility resulting from differences between the skills required and the skills supplied. The model implies that an alternative providing a better match might be preferred to one providing a higher income. Using Swedish data, this paper shows that the possibility of using artistic skills has stronger impact on the choice of occupation than income considerations.
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| 9. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, 1978-
(författare)
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Essays on University Efficiency Analysis and Entrepreneurship among University Graduates
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of five papers: three deal with the efficiency of higher education institutions (HEI) and two with entrepreneurship among university graduates. The efficiency of HEIs is analyzed at three different levels: units of one university, universities of one country and universities of a group of European countries.Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) the first paper compares technical efficiency among university units at the Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm). An interesting result is that there seems to be a complementary relationship between efficiency of resource utilization in teaching and in research.The second paper applies stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the cost efficiency of Swedish higher education institutions. According to the estimates, half of the Swedish HEIs have an above average efficiency of 85 percent. The efficiency differences are mainly influenced by the source of funding, HEI size, the number of students per faculty as well as faculty and student compositions.The third paper analyses the cost efficiency of universities among a set of public higher education institutions from six European countries by means of stochastic frontier techniques. The results suggest small variation in the mean economic efficiency of higher education institutions from UK, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland, implying that the efficiency differences are not explained by country effects. Instead the variations in efficiency are related to organizational differences.The two essays on entrepreneurship among university graduates are based on a unique dataset encompassing individual level data on all employees registered in the Swedish labor market. The first paper explores the differences in entrepreneurial choice of graduates from different universities. The main finding from this paper is that the entrepreneurial choice of graduates from internationally ranked Swedish universities systematically differs from others with the difference varying by the area of education.The second paper on entrepreneurship aims at explaining the high interest in entrepreneurship among arts graduates and finds that the need for self-expression is among the main motivations for their high interest in entrepreneurship.
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