| 1. |
- Asplund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Framsyn för Norrbotten och Västerbotten : en idéskrift om utvecklingsinsatser idag och imorgon
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapport från DARE delprojekt regional framsyn. Etapp 1; scenarier och förslag på aktiviteter.Detta dokument är slutrapporten från den regionala framsynsprocessen som drevs 2008-2009 inom projektet DARE – Development Arena for Research and Entrepreneurship.Framsynen har verkat efter ett normativt och handlingsinriktat angreppssätt. Ledmotiv för processen har varit frågor som: Hur vill vi ha det? Varför är det inte så nu? Vad behöver vi göra nu och i framtiden? Regionen kan sägas kännetecknas av att den är rik på naturresurser och fattig på folk. Det är bakgrunden till de fokusområden som framsynen behandlat- Grönare näringsliv (hur kan nya och miljöeffektivare produkter och tjänsterutvecklas effektivare?)- Demografiutveckling (hur kan samhällsfunktionerna bestå med inverteradebefolkningspyramider och hur kan utvecklingen mot en åldrande befolkningvändas?)Lite tvärs över båda frågorna ovan hamnar ett annat fokus; regionens attraktivitet. Inom detta område har en ung framsyn genomförts med deltagare från olika delar av Norrbotten.Framsynen har gått steg för steg genom visioner, analys av framgångsfaktorer, scenarieskapande, förslag på åtgärder och prioritering av dessa. Under genomförandet har det uppstått ett antal avknoppningar i form av t ex nya samarbeten och projekt. Ett av de sistnämnda var den unga framsynen som genomfördes med finansiering av Norrbottens läns landsting.Bland de prioriterade förslagen som redovisas i denna rapport dominerar olika aktiviteter för att knyta samman olika aktörer och grupper inom regionen och på så sätt göra mer av mindre. Många av förslagen visar regionala aktörers förväntningar på universitetens roll i den regionala utvecklingen och markerar ett intresse av tätare samverkan meduniversiteten. Förslagen berör alla verksamheter inom universiteten, såväl utbildning, forskning och förvaltning. Bland de prioriterade förslagen finns:• Stimulera gröna affärs och teknikutvecklingsallianser för regionens småföretag• Stimulera ”den lille forskaren” – en modell för småföretagens forskarkollektiv• Utred grönare näringsliv som gemensamt profilområde för regionens universitet• Stärk företagsnyttig forskning & utvecklingsinsatser kring ”age management”• Etablera ett ”integrationsnätverk” för universitetens studenter & det regionalasamhället• Utveckla dialogen mellan universiteten & avnämargrupper i utvecklingen avutbildningar • Skapa regionalt utvecklingslab för bättre samverkan mellan universiteten ochomgivande samhälleInom DARE-projektet kommer nu det material som utvecklats inom framsynsprocessen att användas för utveckling av samverkan inom universiteten, mellan universiteten och med andra intressenter av den regionala utvecklingen, inte minst då de som deltagit i framsynen.
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| 2. |
- Dahlén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of different collection systems for sorted household waste in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 27:10, s. 1298-1305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composition and quantity per person of municipal solid waste (MSW) have been analyzed in six municipalities in southern Sweden with similar socio-economic conditions but with different collection systems. Samples of residual waste have been sorted, classified and weighed in 21 categories during 26 analyses that took place from 1998-2004. Collection data of the total waste flow, including source sorted recycling materials, in the same area have been compiled and compared. Multivariate data analyses have been applied. Weight-based billing reduced delivered amounts of residual household waste by 50%, but it is unknown to what extent improper material paths had developed. With curbside collection more metal, plastic and paper packaging was separated and left to recycling. When separate collection of biodegradables was included in the curbside system, the overall sorting of dry recyclables increased. The large uncertainty associated with waste composition analyses makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions regarding the effects on specific recyclables or the changes in the composition of the residual waste.
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| 3. |
- Dahlén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of total waste flow from households in 35 Swedish municipalities
- 2007
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Ingår i: SARDINIA 2007. - Cagliari : CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre. - 9788862650038
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to identify the total waste flow from households in a number of municipalities (cities) in Sweden, make comparisons and discuss methods as well as obstacles to benchmarking. Overall aim is decision support for local authorities in waste management planning. Average amount of household waste per citizen vary widely within Sweden. There is no obvious explanation to the inconsistent amounts. Weight based collection fees has caused a considerable decrease of collected waste amounts in some Swedish municipalities, but no clear effect in others. In general the amounts per capita of separated recyclables, as well as unseparated waste in bins and bags, have levelled out the last few years. In contrast the diverse wastes delivered by the public to supervised Recycling Centers show a trend of increase. 16 sources of error in collection data have been identified and described.
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| 4. |
- Dahlén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of recycling programmes in household waste collection systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 28:7, s. 577-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A case study and a literature review have been carried out to address the two questions: how can waste flow data from collection systems be interpreted and compared? and which factors are decisive in the results of recycling programmes in household waste collection systems? The aim is to contribute to the understanding of how recycling programmes affect the quantity of waste and sorting activities. It is shown how the results from various waste sorting systems can be interpreted and made comparable. A set of waste flow indicators is proposed, which together with generic system descriptions can facilitate comparisons of different collections systems. The evaluation of collection systems depends on the system boundaries and will always be site-specific to some degree. Various factors are relevant, e.g. environmental objectives, technical function, operating costs, types of recyclable materials collected separately, property-close collection or drop-off systems, economic incentives, information strategies, residential structure, social codes, etc. Kerbside collection of recyclables and weight-based billing led to increased waste sorting activities in the case study. Forty-three decisive factors are listed and discussed.
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| 5. |
- Dahlén, Lisa
(författare)
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Household waste collection : factors and variations
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ambitious household waste recycling programs have been introduced in Sweden and several other countries during recent decades. Many different waste- sorting and collection schemes have been developed, but the evaluation and comparison of the results is made difficult by the lack of comparable data. The aim of the research presented in this thesis was to answer the following questions: How can household waste flows be described and monitored? Which factors affect the collection results? and, What is a useful basis for the evaluation of collection systems? Waste flow analysis and waste component classification were performed in a number of Swedish municipalities, revealing a wide variation in the amount of waste per capita. Eleven site-specific variables were investigated and multivariate data analysis was performed. The study was carried out on three levels: 1) household waste as the material in itself, classified into physical components, 2) the householders and their handling of waste, in terms of average amounts of different waste categories and recyclables per capita, and 3) the municipalities, as the authority responsible for household waste management, where local conditions influence waste generation and pathways. A significant finding was that property-close collection of dry recyclables led to increased collection of sorted metal, plastic, and paper packaging. Weight-based billing, i.e. when waste collection is charged per kilogram of waste collected, showed divergent effects, which are investigated and discussed. Monitoring methods are suggested regarding the waste flow from households. A step-by-step method for evaluation and comparisons of collection systems was outlined, including a set of indicators. Sixteen sources of error in official waste statistics were identified and the results of the studies emphasize the importance of reliable waste generation and composition data to underpin waste management policies.
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| 6. |
- Dahlén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Inconsistent pathways of household waste
- 2009
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 29:6, s. 1798-1806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to provide policy-makers and waste management planners with information about how recycling programs affect the quantities of specific materials recycled and disposed of. Two questions were addressed: which factors influence household waste generation and pathways? and how reliable are official waste data? Household waste flows were studied in 35 Swedish municipalities, and a wide variation in the amount of waste per capita was observed. When evaluating the effect of different waste collection policies, it was found to be important to identify site-specific factors influencing waste generation. Eleven municipal variables were investigated in an attempt to explain the variation. The amount of household waste per resident was higher in populous municipalities and when net commuting was positive. Property-close collection of dry recyclables led to increased delivery of sorted metal, plastic and paper packaging. No difference was seen in the amount of separated recyclables per capita when weight-based billing for the collection of residual waste was applied, but the amount of residual waste was lower. Sixteen sources of error in official waste statistics were identified and the results of the study emphasize the importance of reliable waste generation and composition data to underpin waste management policies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dahlén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Manual för plockanalys av hushållsavfall i kärl och säckar
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten är resultatet av ett samarbete mellan NSR och Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Här föreslås en metod för plockanalys av hushållsavfall avsedd för svenska förhållanden. Den bygger på egna praktiska erfarenheter och litteraturstudier. Stor vikt har lagts vid vilken arbetsinsats som är praktiskt och ekonomiskt rimlig i förhållande till resultatets precision. Första delen av rapporten beskriver bakgrunden och diskuterar varje steg i en plockanalys med referenser till tidigare genomförda analyser i Sverige och utomlands. Kostnader och behov av utrustning och personal diskuteras. Rapportens andra del är skriven som en manual, som steg för steg ger instruktioner för genomförande av plockanalys. Här ingår även skyddsåtgärder med hänsyn till risker i arbetsmiljön. Det finns också detaljerade sorteringsinstruktioner, en mall för sorteringsprotokoll samt en mall för utvärdering av resultaten.
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| 9. |
- Dahlén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for household waste composition studies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 28:7, s. 1100-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The question is how to conduct household waste composition studies. The review is divided into three parts: overview of known methods, sampling theory, and the waste components. Twenty methods are listed and commented on. There is no adopted, working international standard. In accordance with Pierre Gy’s Theory of Sampling, the seven types of sampling errors, when collecting and splitting solid samples, are described and commented on in relation to sampling of household solid waste. It is concluded that the most crucial choices in household waste composition studies are: to divide the investigation into relevant number and types of strata; to decide the required sample size and number of samples; to choose the sampling location, i.e., sampling at household level or sampling from loads of waste collection vehicles; and to choose the type and number of waste component categories to be investigated. Various classifications of household waste components used in composition studies are listed and discussed. Difficulties and weaknesses of the reviewed methods are discussed and concluded in suggested questions for further research.
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| 10. |
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