| 1. |
- Gullström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Blue Carbon Storage in Tropical Seagrass Meadows Relates to Carbonate Stock Dynamics, Plant–Sediment Processes, and Landscape Context : Insights from the Western Indian Ocean
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecosystems (New York. Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-9840 .- 1435-0629. ; 21:3, s. 551-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, seagrass ecosystems are considered major blue carbon sinks and thus indirect contributors to climate change mitigation. Quantitative estimates and multi-scale appraisals of sources that underlie long-term storage of sedimentary carbon are vital for understanding coastal carbon dynamics. Across a tropical–subtropical coastal continuum in the Western Indian Ocean, we estimated organic (Corg) and inorganic (Ccarb) carbon stocks in seagrass sediment. Quantified levels and variability of the two carbon stocks were evaluated with regard to the relative importance of environmental attributes in terms of plant–sediment properties and landscape configuration. The explored seagrass habitats encompassed low to moderate levels of sedimentary Corg (ranging from 0.20 to 1.44% on average depending on species- and site-specific variability) but higher than unvegetated areas (ranging from 0.09 to 0.33% depending on site-specific variability), suggesting that some of the seagrass areas (at tropical Zanzibar in particular) are potentially important as carbon sinks. The amount of sedimentary inorganic carbon as carbonate (Ccarb) clearly corresponded to Corg levels, and as carbonates may represent a carbon source, this could diminish the strength of seagrass sediments as carbon sinks in the region. Partial least squares modelling indicated that variations in sedimentary Corg and Ccarb stocks in seagrass habitats were primarily predicted by sediment density (indicating a negative relationship with the content of carbon stocks) and landscape configuration (indicating a positive effect of seagrass meadow area, relative to the area of other major coastal habitats, on carbon stocks), while seagrass structural complexity also contributed, though to a lesser extent, to model performance. The findings suggest that accurate carbon sink assessments require an understanding of plant–sediment processes as well as better knowledge of how sedimentary carbon dynamics are driven by cross-habitat links and sink–source relationships in a scale-dependent landscape context, which should be a priority for carbon sink conservation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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The In vitro Activity of Carbapenems Alone and in Combination with β-lactamase Inhibitors against Difficult-to-treat Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Mycobacterium avium Complex: A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MYCOBACTERIOLOGY. - : WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS. - 2212-5531 .- 2212-554X. ; 12:3, s. 211-225
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Difficult-to-treat mycobacterial infections are increasing globally. There is an urgent need of new treatment alternatives for multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as well as nontuberculous mycobacteria such as the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Recently, new carbapenems and combinations of carbapenems with beta-lactamase inhibitors have become available, but activity data in vitro against mycobacteria are so far scarce. Therefore, we performed a systematic review collating the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of carbapenems, with or without a beta-lactamase inhibitors for MTB, MABC, and MAC. The databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for the relevant articles in English up until September 21, 2022. Screening of studies was performed by two independent reviewers. MIC data by recommended methods with at least five individual MICs were included. Data were reported as MIC range, MIC50, modal MIC, and/or histograms when individual MICs were available. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021258537). After screening, a total of 75 studies with MIC data for carbapenems with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors were included in the review. For MTB, the oral carbapenem tebipenem combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid resulted in the most significant reduction of MICs. For MABC, the addition of avibactam to tebipenem resulted in a 64-fold reduction of modal MIC. Data were insufficient for the analysis of MAC. Carbapenems, and in particular the novel oral compound tebipenem, in combination with clavulanic acid for MTB and avibactam for MABC may be an untapped potential for difficult-to-treat mycobacterial infections.
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| 4. |
- Asplund, Maria. E., 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics and fate of blue carbon in a mangrove-seagrass seascape : influence of landscape configuration and land-use change
- 2021
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 36, s. 1489-1509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Seagrass meadows act as efficient natural carbon sinks by sequestering atmospheric CO2 and through trapping of allochthonous organic material, thereby preserving organic carbon (C-org) in their sediments. Less understood is the influence of landscape configuration and transformation (land-use change) on carbon sequestration dynamics in coastal seascapes across the land-sea interface. Objectives We explored the influence of landscape configuration and degradation of adjacent mangroves on the dynamics and fate of C-org in seagrass habitats. Methods Through predictive modelling, we assessed sedimentary C-org content, stocks and source composition in multiple seascapes (km-wide buffer zones) dominated by different seagrass communities in northwest Madagascar. The study area encompassed seagrass meadows adjacent to intact and deforested mangroves. Results The sedimentary C-org content was influenced by a combination of landscape metrics and inherent habitat plant- and sediment-properties. We found a strong land-to-sea gradient, likely driven by hydrodynamic forces, generating distinct patterns in sedimentary C-org levels in seagrass seascapes. There was higher C-org content and a mangrove signal in seagrass surface sediments closer to the deforested mangrove area, possibly due to an escalated export of C-org from deforested mangrove soils. Seascapes comprising large continuous seagrass meadows had higher sedimentary C-org levels in comparison to more diverse and patchy seascapes. Conclusion Our results emphasize the benefit to consider the influence of seascape configuration and connectivity to accurately assess C-org content in coastal habitats. Understanding spatial patterns of variability and what is driving the observed patterns is useful for identifying carbon sink hotspots and develop management prioritizations.
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| 5. |
- Bohm, Eric R., et al.
(författare)
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Collection and Reporting of Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Arthroplasty Registries: Multinational Survey and Recommendations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - 0009-921X. ; 479:10, s. 2151-2166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are validated questionnaires that are completed by patients. Arthroplasty registries vary in PROM collection and use. Current information about registry collection and use of PROMs is important to help improve methods of PROM data analysis, reporting, comparison, and use toward improving clinical practice. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: To characterize PROM collection and use by registries, we asked: (1) What is the current practice of PROM collection by arthroplasty registries that are current or former members of the International Society of Arthroplasty Registries, and are there sufficient similarities in PROM collection between registries to enable useful international comparisons that could inform the improvement of arthroplasty care? (2) How do registries differ in PROM administration and demographic, clinical, and comorbidity index variables collected for case-mix adjustment in data analysis and reporting? (3) What quality assurance methods are used for PROMs, and how are PROM results reported and used by registries? (4) What recommendations to arthroplasty registries may improve PROM reporting and facilitate international comparisons? METHODS: An electronic survey was developed with questions about registry structure and collection, analysis, reporting, and use of PROM data and distributed to directors or senior administrators of 39 arthroplasty registries that were current or former members of the International Society of Arthroplasty Registries. In all, 64% (25 of 39) of registries responded and completed the survey. Missing responses from incomplete surveys were captured by contacting the registries, and up to three reminder emails were sent to nonresponding registries. Recommendations about PROM collection were drafted, revised, and approved by the International Society of Arthroplasty Registries PROMs Working Group members. RESULTS: Of the 25 registries that completed the survey, 15 collected generic PROMs, most frequently the EuroQol-5 Dimension survey; 16 collected joint-specific PROMs, most frequently the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; and 11 registries collected a satisfaction item. Most registries administered PROM questionnaires within 3 months before and 1 year after surgery. All 16 registries that collected PROM data collected patient age, sex or gender, BMI, indication for the primary arthroplasty, reason for revision arthroplasty, and a comorbidity index, most often the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification. All 16 registries performed regular auditing and reporting of data quality, and most registries reported PROM results to hospitals and linked PROM data to other data sets such as hospital, medication, billing, and emergency care databases. Recommendations for transparent reporting of PROMs were grouped into four categories: demographic and clinical, survey administration, data analysis, and results. CONCLUSION: Although registries differed in PROM collection and use, there were sufficient similarities that may enable useful data comparisons. The International Society of Arthroplasty Registries PROMs Working Group recommendations identify issues that may be important to most registries such as the need to make decisions about survey times and collection methods, as well as how to select generic and joint-specific surveys, handle missing data and attrition, report data, and ensure representativeness of the sample. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: By collecting PROMs, registries can provide patient-centered data to surgeons, hospitals, and national entities to improve arthroplasty care.
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| 6. |
- Collan, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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To capture the child's interest - nurses experiences of 'Saga stories in health talks'.
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6955. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As unhealthy lifestyle habits have been found to be established early in life and often track into adulthood, early preventive initiatives are important. 'Saga Stories in health talks' is a newly developed material that is intended to be used as a support for nurses at child health care (CHC) centers in their health talks with children and parents in Sweden. The aim of this study is to explore how CHC nurses experience the usability of the 'Saga Stories in health talks' material.METHODS: This study used a qualitative design. The material 'Saga Stories in health talks' was tested by 33 CHC nurses working in 11 CHC centers in three regions in Sweden. All CHC nurses were invited to participate in the interviews and 17 agreed. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using content analysis.RESULTS: Three categories and eight sub-categories emerged. The categories were: (1) An appreciated tool suitable for health talks, (2) Illustrations to capture children's interest in the conversation with families, and (3) Barriers and facilitators. Saga Stories in health talks' was experienced by the CHC nurses as an appreciated tool with content highly relevant to what should be discussed during the health talks. The CHC nurses described the material as well-designed with illustrations that helped them capture the child's interest and increase their participation, while still involving the parents. Support from colleagues, the researchers, and managers were seen as important facilitators. Challenges included structural factors such as how and when to best use the material, especially concerning that the 4-year visit contained many other mandatory parts.CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study show that the material 'Saga Stories in health talks' was highly appreciated by CHC nurses and facilitated their health talks with families in CHC. Important aspects with the material were the relevant content and the focus on healthy living habits, as well as the child friendly illustrations. These findings can be used when similar material is developed to facilitate health talks with families in other contexts. Our results also highlight the importance to adjust the implementation of a new material with already established practice and routines.
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| 7. |
- Dahl, Lina, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Lhx2 promotes self-renewal of a distinct multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell in embryoid bodies
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLoS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:4, s. e2025-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular mechanisms regulating the expansion of the hematopoietic system including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the fetal liver during embryonic development are largely unknown. The LIM-homeobox gene Lhx2 is a candidate regulator of fetal hematopoiesis since it is expressed in the fetal liver and Lhx2−/− mice die in utero due to severe anemia. Moreover, expression of Lhx2 in embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) can lead to the generation of HSC-like cell lines. To further define the role of this transcription factor in hematopoietic regulation, we generated ES cell lines that enabled tet-inducible expression of Lhx2. Using this approach we observed that Lhx2 expression synergises with specific signalling pathways, resulting in increased frequency of colony forming cells in developing EB cells. The increase in growth factor-responsive progenitor cells directly correlates to the efficiency in generating HSC-like cell lines, suggesting that Lhx2 expression induce self-renewal of a distinct multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell in EBs. Signalling via the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor and the gp130 signal transducer by IL-6 is necessary and sufficient for the Lhx2 induced self-renewal. While inducing self-renewal of multipotential progenitor cells, expression of Lhx2 inhibited proliferation of primitive erythroid precursor cells and interfered with early ES cell commitment, indicating striking lineage specificity of this effect.
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| 8. |
- Dahl, Lina, 1981-
(författare)
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Stem cell function and organ development : analysis of Lhx2 function in hematopoietic stem cells and eye development
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When a multicellular organism suffers damages to tissues/organs it heals itself by either substituting the lost cellular matrix by scar formation or by regenerating the lost tissue. Regeneration likely occurs by a recapitulation of the developmental process that formed the organ. Many processes regulating organ development are based on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and a strict control of organ specific stem/progenitor cells. Elucidation of the molecular basis of these processes is therefore vital in order to develop novel therapies in regenerative medicine. The LIM homebox gene Lhx2 is interesting in this context since Lhx2 has been shown to be important for the formation of several organs by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and progenitor cell function. Targeted inactivation of Lhx2 leads to a lethal anemia due to malformed liver and severe neural abnormalities such as hypoplasia of the forebrain and anophtalmia. Thus, elucidation of the mechanisms of the function of Lhx2 in different organ systems would give important insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and stem/progenitor cell function. To elucidate the function of Lhx2 in the hematopoietic system Lhx2 was initially expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from ES cells differentiated in vitro using retroviral vectors. This approach led to the generation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like cell lines suggesting that Lhx2 could impact HSC function. However neither the specificity nor the efficiency of the Lhx2-induced phenotype could be determined using this approach. To be able to elucidate the function of Lhx2 in the hematopoietic system, an ES cell line with inducible Lhx2 expression was generated. Lhx2 expression induces self-renewal of a distinct hematopoietic progenitor cell from which HSC-like cell lines were established. Down-regulation of Lhx2 in these HSC-like cell lines leads to a rapid loss of stem cell character, providing a good model to study the molecular function of Lhx2 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. A global gene expression analysis was performed comparing the Lhx2+ stem cell population to the Lhx2- differentiated progeny. This approach identified genes putatively linked to self-renewal/differentiation of HSCs. A considerable proportion of the genes showed an overlapping gene expression pattern with Lhx2 expression in tissue of non-hematopoietic origin suggesting that Lhx2 function in stem/progenitor cells partly overlap with Lhx2 function during organ development. In order to define other Lhx2-dependent progenitor cell populations and to generate a tool to analyze the function of Lhx2 in organ development a new transgenic mouse model was generated. By using a specific part of the Lhx2 promoter to drive expression of Cre recombinase in vivo (Lhx2-Cre mice) we have been able to define the first eye committed progenitor cells in the forebrain. By using the Lhx2-Cre mice it will be possible to distinguish the function of genes during eye development from their function in the patterning of the forebrain e.g. the eye field transcription factors. Conditional inactivation of Lhx2 in these eye specific progenitor cells causes an immediate developmental arrest. The transgene is also active in Lhx2-/- embryonic forebrain, but re-expression of Lhx2 in Lhx2-/- progenitor cells only promote formation of retinal pigment epithelium cells. Analysis of genes expressed by the Lhx2+ stem cell population allowed us to define novel genes putatively linked to Lhx2 function in eye development. Thus, we have defined the progenitor cells in the forebrain committed to eye development and the expansion and patterning of these progenitors are dependent on Lhx2. Although commitment to eye development is Lhx2-independent, Lhx2 might be important for the acquisition of the oligopotent fate of these progenitor cells.
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| 9. |
- Dahl, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Femininity revisited : A roundtable
- 2018
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Ingår i: The European Journal of Women's Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-5068 .- 1461-7420. ; 25:3, s. 384-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Deyanova, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Plant- and habitat productivity in a temperate seagrass system
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Seagrass meadows are highly productive coastal habitats. Yet, little is known about the contribution of seagrass plants to the total seagrass habitat. To clarify the particular role of the seagrass plants for carbon capture in temperate environments, a one-year study was performed in seagrass meadows on the Swedish west coast. We aimed to assess the link between the net primary productivity of seagrass plants per se, the net production of the seagrass community and the net production of the entire system. To be able to predict effects of environmental changes on seagrass productivity, results were related to changes in water temperature, oxygen levels, light conditions and ice cover. Results showed large variations in net plant productivity across seasons, generally following light- and temperature variability, and ranging from very high (20.03 g C m-2 24h-1 ) in the summer to negative rates (-1.60 g C m-2 24h-1 ) in the least productive winter month. The patterns of variability in seagrass productivity were also influenced by depth- and site-specific dynamics in biomass. The high respiration of the benthic community did largely outbalance the productivity of the seagrass plants, probably as an effect of fast turnover rates. This resulted in an overall yearly low positive carbon balance of the entire seagrass system. Overall, the findings show that seagrass plants contribute substantially to the carbon capture in temperate seagrass habitats, but also that the rate of community respiration appears to be highly dependent on the degree of how much detritus material that is retained within the system. Thus, even though these seagrass systems are highly productive and may contain a large carbon stock, seagrass productivity per se seems not to be the most important determining factor for their carbon sink function.
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