| 1. |
- Abdelzadeh, Ali, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Bilaga 2: En utvärdering av Skolval 2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Öva och ta ställning. - : Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor. ; , s. 47-55
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att: (a) redogöra för vilka elever som deltog i skolvalet 2010, (b) samt undersöka huruvida deltagandet i skolvalet har någon effekt på ungas intresse för politik/samhällsfrågor, politiska diskussioner med föräldrar och vänner, intention att rösta i framtida val samt politiskt deltagande. För denna undersökning används först och främst enkätdata från Political socialization Project (PSP); en pågående longitudinell studie som undersöker framväxten av unga människors politiska attityder och engagemang (Amnå, Ekström, Kerr & Stattin, 2009). Analyserna i denna rapport omfattar endast elever i PSP-studien vars skola anmält till Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor att de genomfört skolval. Totalt omfattar de analyser som denna rapport baseras på 3 högstadieskolor och 3 gymnasieskolor vilket sammantaget blir 860 elever.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Monika, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms of trust for different modes of welfare service provision
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Management Review. - : Routledge. - 1471-9037 .- 1471-9045.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welfare services are an important channel for building institutional trust. But does it matter if the service is publicly or privately provided? Using SEM on individual data from public and private schools in Sweden, the authors test how the provision mode moderates the effects of positive and negative school experiences on trust in government. The results show that students' perceptions of teacher fairness are dependent on provision mode. Negative experiences are associated with decreased trust in government only in private schools. Positive experiences didn't affect trust. Thus, the use of private providers may provide greater challenges for maintaining institutional trust
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| 3. |
- Colombe, Soledad, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring the progress towards the elimination of hepatitis B and C in Sweden : estimation of core indicators for 2015 and 2018
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: To monitor Sweden's progress towards the WHO goal of eliminating viral hepatitis, we estimated the prevalence, notification rate, and liver-related morbidity and mortality for diagnosed hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in 2015 and 2018.METHODS: We identified cases of hepatitis B and C within the National System for Notifiable Diseases and obtained data on treatment and whether the case was deceased or not. We calculated prevalence, notification rates per 100,000, and proportion of newly diagnosed cases of hepatitis with liver disease at the time of diagnosis, and proportion of all deceased cases who died from liver disease. We calculated Poisson 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the notification rates and Wilson 95% CIs around prevalence and mortality estimates.RESULTS: In 2015 and 2018, the prevalence of diagnosed HBV infections was 0.20% [95% CI: 0.19-0.20] and 0.21% [0.20-0.21]. Notification rates per 100,000 for HBV infections were 13.02 [12.32-13.76] and 7.71 [7.18-8.27]. HBV liver-related morbidity was 2.65% [1.90-3.68] and 2.16% [1.35-3.43]. HBV liver-related mortality was 20.00% [14.81-26.44] and 17.95% [13.20-23.94]. In 2015 and 2018, the prevalence of diagnosed HCV-infections was 0.24% [0.24-0.25] and 0.18% [0.18-0.19]. Notification rates per 100,000 for HCV infections were 15.92 [15.14-16.73] and 13.05 [12.36-13.77]. HCV liver-related morbidity was 8.14% [6.89-9.60] and 3.90% [2.99-5.08]. HCV liver-related mortality was 27.08% [24.54-29.77] and 26.90% [24.12-29.88].CONCLUSIONS: All indicators decreased or remained stable between 2015 and 2018, indicating progress in the elimination of viral hepatitis, especially for HCV infection.
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| 4. |
- Dahl, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance of HIV testing among women attending antenatal care in south-western Uganda: risk factors and reasons for test refusal.
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIDS Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-0121 .- 1360-0451. ; 20:6, s. 746-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A problem commonly encountered in programs for prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is low rates of HIV test acceptance among pregnant women. In this study, we examined risk factors and reasons for HIV test refusal among 432 women attending three antenatal care clinics offering PMTCT in urban and semi-urban parts of the Mbarara district, Uganda. Structured interviews were performed following pre-test counselling. Three-hundred-eighty women were included in the study, 323 (85%) of whom accepted HIV testing. In multivariate analysis, testing site (Site A: OR = 1.0; Site B: OR = 3.08; 95%CI: 1.12-8.46; Site C: OR = 5.93; 95%CI: 2.94-11.98), age between 30 and 34 years (<20 years: OR = 1.0; 20-24 years: OR = 1.81; 95%CI: 0.58-5.67; 25-29 years: OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 0.66-6.97; 30-34 years: OR = 3.88; 95%CI: 1.21-13.41), mistrust in reliability of the HIV test (OR = 20.60; 95%CI: 3.24-131.0) and not having been tested for HIV previously (OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 1.02-4.54) were associated with test refusal. Testing sites operating for longer durations had higher rates of acceptance. The most common reasons claimed for test refusal were: lack of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected women (88%; n=57), a need to discuss with partner before decision (82%; n=57) and fear of partner's reaction (54%; n=57). Comparison with previous periods showed that the acceptance rate increased with the duration of the program. Our study identified risk factors for HIV test refusal among pregnant women in Uganda and common reasons for not accepting testing. These findings may suggest modifications and improvements in the performance of HIV testing in this and similar populations.
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| 5. |
- Dahl, Viktor, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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An example of genetically distinct HIV-1 variants in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during suppressive therapy.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 209:10, s. 1618-1622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sequenced HIV-1 in 70 CSF and 29 plasma samples and the corresponding pre-therapy samples from 17 subjects on suppressive therapy. More of the CSF sequences were hypermutants than plasma sequences. We generated on-therapy sequences from both CSF and plasma from two subjects; in one we found genetically distinct sequences in CSF and plasma indicating that they came from two different compartments, one potentially the CNS, during suppressive therapy. In addition, there was little evidence of viral evolution in the CSF during therapy, suggesting that continuous virus replication is not the major cause of viral persistence in the CNS.
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| 6. |
- Dahl, Viktor, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Apathy or Alienation? : Political passivity among youths across eight European Union Countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Developmental Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1740-5629 .- 1740-5610. ; 15:3, s. 284-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political participation is one of the most studied aspects of the contemporary development of western democracies. A recent trend focuses the lack of political participation among younger generations. At the same time, the last decades have also witnessed a growth in the share of young European Union (EU) citizens who express alienation, and distrust toward social and political institutions at the national as well as the European level. By studying young people across different countries of the EU, the current study aims to examine if youths’ political passivity is better explained by political apathy or alienation. Our analyses are based on a comparative survey data collected by the Catch-EyoU project comprising approximately 4 454 late adolescents assembled from eight member countries of the EU. Results from logistic regressions predicting non-voting from apathy and alienation support the idea that political passivity is best understood as the result of political apathy. Moreover, it seems that the underlying separator of apathetic and alienated youths is cognitive awareness of political life. These results are discussed in relation to potentially built-in paradoxes of apathy present in efficient and well-functional welfare-state democracies.
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| 7. |
- Dahl, Viktor, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the limits : involvement in illegal political activities
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Political Science Review. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1755-7739 .- 1755-7747. ; 8:1, s. 125-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine the adolescents who cross the boundaries of legality, also including illegal political means in their political action repertoire. The data comprised of questionnaire responses from middle and late adolescents in a Swedish city of around 130,000 citizens. Analyses of covariance, EXACON, and logistic regression were used to examine the extent to which adolescents including illegal political activities in their political activity repertoire compare with their legally oriented counterparts. Adolescents using illegal political activity reported higher levels of political interest and goal-orientation than adolescents involved solely in legal political activity. The major contrasts with legal political activism were that illegal political activism seemed to co-occur with (a) reluctance to accept authority, irrespective of the context (societal, school, or parental) and (b) approval of violent political means. In a simultaneous model, further analysis revealed that reluctance to accept authority reduced the predictive power of illegal political activities with regard to approval of political violence. This suggests that the tendencies to approve of political violence, among adolescents involved in illegal political activities, might be partially explained by challenges toward authority. To conclude, adolescents in illegal political activism seem to have similar resources for political engagement as their legally oriented counterparts. However, adolescents involved in illegal political activity seem more likely to let ends justify the means. Most likely, this position is related to authority challenges.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Dahl, Viktor, 1979-
(författare)
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Breaking the law : adolescents' involvement in illegal political activitiy
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Illegal political activity has always been part of a democratic society. Despite this, not much is known about young people’s involvement in these political activities. Research portrays political influence attempts of this kind in different terms; as troublesome for the democratic political system, as expressions of conscious decisions vital for humanity’s future, and yet other times as illustrations of a coming-of-age rebellion. Overall there is a lack of collective knowledge on illegal political activity, and especially in adolescence – the age period when these political activities seem to peak.The aim of this dissertation is therefore to enhance knowledge of involvement in illegal political activity in adolescence. This dissertation addresses this task in four empirical studies. Results show that mostly boys engage politically with illegal political means. Adolescents involved are also interested in politics, believe in their own abilities to take part in political activities, have long-term political goals, and approve of violent political tactics. In addition, these activities also seem to associate with a challenge of authority. This could be seen in how political dissatisfaction was translated into illegal political activity, and in the way these activities seemed to be reactions to a non legitimized parental authority. Besides authority challenges, these activities are likely the result of important peer relations; influences from peers with experiences of illegal political activity seem to be a most probable answer to why adolescents adopt these political means. Taken together, the results of this dissertation show that adolescents involved in illegal political activity are well-equipped for political involvement, challenge authorities in most contexts of their lives, and are likely to adopt these political means from already involved peers.
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| 10. |
- Dahl, Viktor
(författare)
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Characterization of HIV-1 in the central nervous system during suppressive therapy
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is effective in suppressing HIV-1 RNA levels below the lower-limit of detection of clinical assays (<20-50 copies/mL) but is not curative and more sensitive assays can detect very low levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma even after years of suppressive therapy. If treatment is stopped HIV-1 RNA levels soon increase and immunodeficiency continues to develop. This is due to the small amount of virions present in the blood during suppressive therapy that can infect new cells and cause viral rebound if treatment is stopped. These virions are produced by latently infected resting memory CD4+ T-cells that become reactivated. In addition, other cell types may be producing infectious virions during suppressive therapy. This needs to be explored to direct efforts for the eradication of all infected cells capable of producing virions in order to cure HIV-1. Since current HIV-1 therapy is life-long, costly and not without side effects a cure would be valuable from both an individual perspective as well as from a public health perspective. In this thesis we have, using very sensitive techniques for HIV-1 RNA quantification and sequencing, studied if HIV-1 also persists in the central nervous system (CNS) during suppressive therapy. We first analyzed paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from elite controllers (who maintain plasma HIV-1 RNA levels at <40 copies/mL without cART) since they have been proposed to serve as a model for a functional cure. We found that, using a very sensitive assay that allows for HIV-1 RNA quantification down to less than 1 copy/mL, HIV-1 RNA could be detected at very low levels in both CSF samples and plasma samples. We then studied subjects on suppressive therapy with HIV-1 RNA levels below the lower limit of detection for clinical assays in both CSF and plasma (<40 copies/mL) and found that, using the same sensitive assay, HIV-1 RNA could be detected at very low levels in 17% of CSF samples and in 57% of plasma samples from these subjects. HIV-1 RNA could be detected in the CSF even after 10 years of suppressive therapy and the detection of CSF HIV-1 RNA was correlated to elevated levels of CSF neopterin, a marker for immune activation. We sequenced HIV-1 RNA in CSF and plasma from subjects on suppressive therapy and found a large fraction of replication incompetent hypermutants among the HIV-1 variants in CSF. In addition, we found one subject with genetically distinct variants in the CSF compared to plasma, consistent with virion production by two populations of cells, one possibly in the CNS. We did not see any signs of evolution among the sequences found in CSF during suppressive therapy. In addition, we found that subjects on suppressive therapy who had their ongoing treatment intensified by the addition of the integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, did not reduce CSF HIV-1 RNA levels or CSF immune activation. In conclusion, HIV-1 can be detected in the CSF even after years of suppressive therapy. The detection of HIV-1 in the CSF is correlated to intrathecal immune activation. The HIV-1 found in the CSF during suppressive therapy might be produced by cells in the CNS that need to be targeted in order to cure HIV-1. Since there are no signs of viral evolution among sequences found in the CSF during suppressive therapy and the CSF HIV-1 RNA levels are not affected by treatment intensification there does not appear to be any ongoing replication in the CNS during suppressive therapy.
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